This document summarizes a workshop on climate change held in Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses concepts like vulnerability to climate change, adaptation, types of adaptation, understanding stakeholder linkages, capacity building activities, research facilitation, sources of biomass for biochar production including Prosopis Juliflora trees, efficient biochar production methods, uses of biochar including soil application, composting, and mulching, results of biochar application like increased crop yields, and an integrated biochar and stove project called the Good Stoves and Biochar Communities Project.

1. GEO INITIATIVES
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
CEO, GEO
http://e-geo.org
“Workshop on Climate Change to Civil Society
Organisations in Andhra Pradesh.”
Venue: St. Ann’s Generalate, Tarnaka, Secunderabad
November 18-19, 2010.
POVERTY LEARNING FOUNDATION [plf]

2. Vulnerability
Vulnerability to climate change is the risk of adverse
things happening
Vulnerability is a function of three factors:
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity

3. Adaptation
“adjustment in natural or human systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects,
which moderates harm of exploits beneficial
opportunities”
(Third Assessment Report, Working Group II)
Includes “actual” (realized) or “expected” (future)
changes in climate

4. Adaptation (continued)
Two types of adaptation
Autonomous adaptation or reactive adaptation tends to be
what people and systems do as impacts of climate change
become apparent
Anticipatory or proactive adaptation are measures taken to
reduce potential risks of future climate change

5. Understanding the Stakeholder Linkages and Decision Process
Small Farmers (80%)
Regional Policy Makers
V&A Assessment
Central Policy Maker
(Ministry of agriculture)
Technical Policy Makers
National commissions
Extension service
Decisions
Project
Extension Service

6. GEO INITIATIVES
CAPACITY
BUILDING
ACTIVITY
RESEARCH
FACILITATI
ON

7. SOURCES OF BIOMASS FOR BIOCHAR
CROP RESIDUE
PROSOPIS JULIFLORA
RICE HUSK
OTHER BIOMASS

8. PROSOPIS JULIFLORA AS MAIN SOURCE

9. PROSOPIS JULIFLORA - CAUSE AND USE
Climate change / variability
Groundwater use Contribution of salts
-Use of complex fertilizers
-Surfacing of natural salts
from deep inside the ground
through groundwater
Decrease in rainfall
High temperatures
Increase in intensity of
cultivation
+
ALKALINE SOILS
SEMI-ARID
ENVRIONMENT
Poor germination,
Non-availability of soil minerals
Decrease in yield
Fallow
lands
Suitable for
growth of
Prosopis Juliflora
-Energy Needs
-Charcoal Making
- Wood for
agricultural
implements /
funiture
-Pods / leaves as
livestock feed

10. CHARCOAL PRODUCTION – TRADITIONAL

11. EFFICIENT BIOCHAR RETORTS
GSBC Project

12. MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES

13. MAGH SERIES BIOCHAR PRODUCING STOVES

14. MAGH 3G GOOD STOVE

15. MAGH CM GOOD STOVE

16. BIOCHAR PRODUCERS COOPERATIVE – FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Formation of Biochar producers cooperative societies
To form a network of Biochar producers
To adopt the improved Biochar production technologies
To add value to the Biochar, Biochar compost and Biochar fertilizers,
etc.
To market the Biochar themselves as cooperatives
To liaison with the relevant departments for marketing the produce
To facilitate the commons for Biochar production like, place, water,
shelter, power, etc.
To plant more trees for availability for Biochar production
To insure all the Biochar producers, who are members of the
cooperative society

17. BIOCHAR SOURCES
Charcoal and ash
from crop residue
burnt in the fields
(traditional practice)
Charcoal produced
from Prosopis
Juliflora
Charcoal from cook
stoves
Rice husk charcoal –
a by-product from
cook stoves /
parboiled rice mills

18. TRADITIONAL USE OF BIOCHAR

19. ENHANCING SOIL MICROBES AND
APPLICATION IN THE FIELDS

20. BIOCHAR URINALS
TAPPING NITROGEN FROM
URINE OF ANIMALS AND
PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR

21. BIOCHAR COMPOST

22. BIOCHAR MULCHING
1. Retention of the soil moisture, reduction of evaporation of water from the soil
2. Reduction in leaching of the bio / chem fertilizers applied
3. Increase in the soil microbes / worms at the biochar and soil interface
4. Regulation of the soil temperture
5. Suppression of weeds by blocking the sunlight the weeds sprouting and growth is
suppressed.
6. Repulsion of the termites / ants which might attack the live plants
7. Over a period of time due to various activities the biochar mixes with the soil.
8. Prevents soil erosion too.
9. Can increase the ph of the soil towards neutral (mulch very good for acidic soils)

23. BIOCHAR PREPARATIONS & APPLICATION
Biochar compost Application
• Point - eg. Horticulture
• Spread - eg. Paddy
Biochar compost preparation practice
• Biochar + compost + green mulch + soil microbes + (pottery shards / fish
bones / brick pieces / urine / jaggery / etc.)
• Addition of biochar to Farm Yard Manure pits in small quantities every
day from traditional stoves - a traditional practice most common in India.
The composition is (Cattle dung, cattle urine, straw, biochar, ash, pottery
shards, pottery tile pieces, etc.)
Biochar only application
• Point - Biochar mulching - eg. Horticulture
• Spread - Biochar broadcasting - eg. paddy
Biochar Prepartion methods - Many.

24. BIOCHAR APPLICATION RESULTS

25. 150 TO 200 % INCREASE IN CROP PRODUCTION

26.  CONTROL
 4 KGS
BIOCHAR
COMPOST
 8 KGS
BIOCHAR
COMPOST
RESEARCH PLOT

27. BIOCHAR RESULTS
GSBC PROJECT, 2009 (DORUGHT PREVAILED DURING
THE GROWING SEASON)

28. OTHER BIOCHAR APPLICATIONS
BIOCHAR BRICKS, GREEN BUILDINGS
WATER LESS CLEANING

29. TERRA PRETA VS BIOCHAR

30. ENVIRONMENTAL
CARBON
SEQUESTRA
TION
REDUCED
GREEN HOUSE
GAS
EMISSIONS
SECURING
FROM
CLIMATE
VARIABILITY
ONE OF THE
GLOBAL
WARMING
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
MITIGATION
SOLUTIONS
LIVELIHOODS
INCREASED
CROP YIELD
INCREASED
INCOME
RECLAMATION
OF DEGRADED
SOILS
BIOLOGICAL
- INCREASED
SOIL
MOCROBES
AND
FUNGI.
REPULSION OF
ANTS AND
TERMITES,
PHYSICAL
- SOIL
MOISTURE
RETENTION,
SOIL TEXTURE,
AND
TEMPERATURE,
SURFACE AREA
CHEMICAL
RETENTION
AND ACCESS OF
NITROGEN,
PHOSPHOROUS
, ADSORBTION
OF
HAZARDOUS
PESTICIDES
BIOCHAR
CHARCOAL
PLUS
AMENDMEN
TS TO SOIL
BIOCHAR
FRAMEWOR
K

31. GSBC PROJECT
INTEGRATED APPROACH

32. GOOD STOVES AND BIOCHAR COMMUNITIES PROJECT
 GSBC PROJECT, being implemented in parts of Andhra
Pradesh State is an integrated project.
 This project started in May 2009, Geoecology Energy
Organisation is responsible for planning, implementation
and monitoring of the project. The “Alternative Carbone
Project” portfolio of Action Carbone has promoted this
project to be implemented in the rural areas of the state of
Andhra Pradesh, India.
 http://goodplanet.org
http://www.biocharindia.com | http://www.e-geo.org
http://www.goodstove.com
Group: http://groups.google.com/group/biocharindia

33. BIOCHAR FIELDS – GSBC PROJECT
• 16 FARMERS
• KHARIF AND RABI2009
• 25 FARMERS
• KHARIF2010
7.5 TONNES OF BIOCHAR FACILITATED..

34. 
BIOCHAR LINKS
Terra Preta Info - Indian conext
Biochar Experiments
Biochar - Alkaline soils
Biochar - Alkaline soils report
Charcoal production
Biocharculture
Biochar Production
Magh Biochar Retort
GEO mini metal kiln
ARTI - Charcoal
Biochar Plants
Prosopis Juliflora
Prosopis Juliflora report
Stoves
Magh series tlud woodgas or
microgasifier stoves
Anila
Biochar Urine
Biochar Urinals
Biochar Soil life
Termites
Earthworms
Pottery Shards
In soils
Cleaning
Biochar for Cleaning
Green Buildings
Biochar Bricks
Rural Trash
Biochar plus
GSBC PROJECT ON CNN