This document discusses bioenergetics, which is the study of energy transformations that occur in living organisms. It notes that all organisms need energy for physical activities, which involve chemical reactions that obey the laws of thermodynamics. Specifically, it examines human bioenergetics and how the study of cellular and metabolic processes leads to the production and use of energy in the form of ATP. Metabolism represents the chemical changes that convert nutrients into energy and complex cell products, and involves both catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy or for use in anabolism, while anabolism uses energy to construct new bonds. The pathways are in equilibrium, with catabolism providing energy and

1. MD.MAHAMUDUR RAHMAN
BIO ENERGETICS OF
CATABOLISM & ANABOLISM

2. What is bioenergetics?
 Bioenergetics is the study of the various types of energy
transformations that occur in living organism.
 All living organisms need energy for their physical activities.
In these activities number of chemical reactions take place.
 Energy transformations of living system always obey “Law of
thermodynamics”
 Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, energy can only
be transferred or changed from one form to another (1st law)
 Entropy of a system always increases(2nd law)

3. What is Human Bioenergetics?
Human bioenergetics is the study of transformation of
energy in humans. This includes the study of different
cellular and metabolic processes that lead to the production
and utilisation of energy.

4. Why we need to study bioenergetics?
 It concerns how energy is involved in making and breaking
of chemical bonds in the molecules found in biological
organisms.
 It concerns how cell respiration, metabolic and enzymatic
process lead to production and utilisation of energy in the
form of energy in the form of ATP &
 Also gives a clear concept of energy transformation.

5. What is metabolism?
 Metabolism represents the sum of the chemical changes
that converts nutrients into energy and the chemically
complex products of cells.
 Metabolism is composed of :-
(a) Catabolism &
(b) Anabolism
.

6. Catabolism
 Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks
down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to
release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.
 Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such
as polysaccharides lipids, nucleic acids and proteins) into
smaller units (such as mono saccharides , fatty
acids, nucleotides, and amino acids, respectively).
 Catabolism is the breaking-down aspect of metabolism
 Usually energy yielding (Exergonic)
i.e: Glycolysis

9. Anabolism
 Anabolic reactions describe the set of metabolic reactions
that build up complex molecules from simpler ones.
 Uses energy to construct new bonds (Endergonic)
 Anabolism is the building-up aspect of metabolism
 Typically involves reduction reactions
i.e: Gluconeogenesis.

10. Difference between
Catabolism and Anabolism

11. Energy relationship between Catabolism and Anabolism
Energy relationships
between the pathways
of catabolism and
anabolism. Oxidative,
exergonic pathways of
catabolism release free
energy and reducing
power that are captured
in the form of ATP and
NADPH, respectively.
Anabolic processes are
endergonic, consuming
chemical energy in the
form of ATP and using
NADPH as a source of
high energy electrons
for reductive purposes

12. Let’s Talk About Metabolic Equilibrium :
 The chemical reactions of metabolism are reversible, and
they too, would reach equilibrium if they occurred in
vitro
 Because systems at equilibrium are at a minimum of G and
can do no work, a cell that has reached metabolic
equilibrium is dead.
 A cell in our body is not in equilibrium. The constant flow
of materials in and out of the cell keeps the metabolic
pathways from ever reaching equilibrium
 And the cell continues to do work throughout its life

13. THANKS FOR WATCHING…