Cscm group assignment

Bachelor of Quantity Surveying
(Honours)
Construction Supply Chain Management
(QSB 2433 / MGT 60803)
Group Members: Teoh Zi Wei
Tan Jit Kim
Tan Vin Nie
Vivian Tay Huey Shuen
Yeoh Sin Yuen
Intake: Semester 3 March Intake 2017
Lecturer: Ms Tay Shir Men

2
Content Page
1.0 Introduction to BIM 3
2.0 3 Dimension of BIM - Visualization 4-6
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Available Software for 3D Model
2.3 How 3D BIM Improves Construction Supply Chain Management
2.4 Disadvantages or Cost Involve
3.0 4 Dimension of BIM - Phrasing 7-10
3.1 Introduction
3.4 Advantage of 4D
4.0 5 Dimension of BIM - Estimating 11-15
4.1 Introduction
4.4 Advantage of 5D
5.0 6 Dimension of BIM - Sustainability 16-19
5.1 Introduction
5.4 Advantage of 6D
6.0 6 Dimension of BIM - Sustainability 20-23
6.1 Introduction
6.5 Recommendation for 7D
7.0 Recommendation 24-25
8.0 Conclusion 26
9.0 Reference List 27

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1.0 Introduction to BIM
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process for creating and
managing information on a construction project across the project life cycle
which is the process of initiation, planning & design ,execution and closure.
BIM system is a revolutionary building design and construction
technology that allow the professions in construction field to create an
accurate virtual construction model to optimize their action and assist in
decision making. BIM provide high efficient work flow by simplify the work
procedure and it is very useful in every of the construction stages. In the
design & planning stage , a design intent model is created though BIM system
and detail that allow all object to be manufacture , install or construct will be
added into this model and turn into Virtual Construction Model (VCM).
BIM is useful in constructor visualizing, which is a process of simulation
before the true construction work started. With this kind of simulation , the
contractor , architect and engineer can identify any existential risk and
danger , operation issues and come out with solution to minimize the risk to
prevent accident to happen.BIM also provide with various recommendation
changes to the original design to create a safer and risk free construction
environment.
There are various dimensions of BIM ranging from 3D to 7D ,each of
them serve different servicing addition and guideline to the construction
flow.3D representing visualization model , 4D representing time model , 5D is
cost management model , 6D is energy model and 7D representing facilities
management.

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2.0 3 Dimension of BIM - Visualization
2.1 Introduction
BIM revolves around comprehensive data model for several
stakeholders such as Architects, Civil and Structural Engineers, MEP System
Engineers, Builders, Manufacturers and Project Owners. It allows architectural
firms to review design elements with respect to other building systems and
services on any project. 3D visualization and 3D rendering services allow
stakeholders involved in the construction process to share project image can
help to minimize errors and omission of the design. 3D BIM models, using a
wide array of inputs including design contents, contract drawings,
specification sheets and hand sketches.
3D BIM's visualizations capabilities enables participants to not only see
the building in three dimensions before ground is ever broken, but also to
automatically update these views along the project life cycle, from earliest
conception to demolition. BIM 3D helps participants to manage their
multidisciplinary collaboration more effectively in modelling and analysing
complex spatial and structural problems. Furthermore, because of accurate
data can be collected along the project life cycle and stored in the Building
Information Model, new value can be added to predictive models allowing to
resolve issues proactively.
Other than displaying the building in three dimensions, a simple
schedule of timeline and initial outlook of different stage of the project can be
visualised through 3D modelling. In term of model walkthroughs, discussion
on the buildability can be carried out among the contractors and designers.
Through the 3D model, project team can observe the site condition of the
project without the real time exploring the site. Furthermore, the model has

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clash detection function which enables early detection of clash of the building
system during design stage. The early detection can prevent the conflicts and
delay happened during the construction stage. In additional, a prototype can
be building for a clearer picture on the large projects. The construction of
virtual mock up models enhance the understanding of the building functions.
3D modelling enables the mock up being tested and revised according to cost
by the employers
 Autodesk revit
 Graphicsoft ArchiCAD
 Bently micro station
 CAD-Duct
 Tekla
 RhinoBIM
 Bently SITEOPS
 Allplan Architecture
 4MSA IntelliCAD
 CADSoft Envisioneer
2.3 How 3D BIM Improves Construction Supply Chain
Management
BIM allows for better planning of design to avoid any dissatisfaction
during construction time and it also let the designers to figure out potential
problems in advance and fix them in good time. Besides, it provides a better
visual of the project and enables greater understanding of all its elements.
BIM also has capability to provide accurate detailed taking off that will be
useful in early phase of the procurement process of the construction supply
chain management. BIM systems allows the designers to track and monitor
the resources, hence can minimize the waste of material for reduce overall

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project cost. With the use of BIM, it is faster to incorporate any changes.
Furthermore, BIM’s able to detect and avoid conflicts prior to construction
reduces unbudgeted construction changes and can save entire value of a
construction project when compared to a non-BIM project. BIM technology
effectively reduces rework, cost overruns and missed schedules during
construction. BIM’s sophisticated modelling capabilities also enable builders
to make much greater use of prefabricated materials and pre-assembled
components, which have well-documented productivity and quality
advantages.
3D Modelling is implemented at the initial phase of the construction
project, covering procurement and design phase. The implementation of 3D
BIM resulted increase in time spent in the design phase due to revision of
model to reduce error. To be effective it need all major members of design
team on significantly earlier than is often the case. Besides, it need new
protocol to manage information transfer and commenting, potentially new
roles such as BIM Coordinators which is much more than a document
handler. Furthermore, it might incompatibility with partners due to BIM is not
yet universally used in construction industry. Thus it is always possible that
one of the partners or subcontractors may not use BIM and may not be able
to use your models. High cost in purchasing software, BIM software requires a
substantial investment in new technology. The advantages usually make the
investment worthwhile, but only if software is used to its full capacity. There
are lack of experts working in the field due to relative newness of BIM. The
software purchase may require an additional investment in training and
education.

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3.0 4 Dimension of BIM - Phrasing
3.1 Introduction
+ =
3D MODEL SCHEDULE 4D BIM
4D BIM is the up and coming era of venture administration, which
including venture arranging and scheduling, information investigation, and
administration. 4D truly includes vision. It coordinates nitty gritty spatial
information from the BIM show. The capacity to envision your venture and
dissect dynamic spatial information on your PC before you get things started
makes a training field for the conveyance group that is exceptionally
captivating and productive.
However, there are various diverse advancements available that give
shifting levels of genuine 4D reconciliation. Professions should search for an
instrument that keeps up the uprightness of their project designs, where
proficiency and time reserve funds are boosted by mimicking ventures
continuously, and changes can be made without the need to re-include
information to dissect diverse methodologies. Numerous frameworks are
minimal more than films that assistance recount the account of the venture
through the 4D procedure, yet these techniques have little an incentive as an
administration devices since they don't make or keep up the trustworthiness of
the venture designs and timetables.

8
Furthermore, the development sequences can be assessed as a
progression of issues utilizing 4D BIM, empowering clients to investigate
alternatives, oversee arrangements and upgrade comes about. It empowers
development item advancement, communicant and straightforward project
usage, collaborating with the inventory network and generation of segments.
Besides that, the stimulation uncovered points of interest such as out-of-
sequence work, booking clashes between numerous exchanges, "imagine a
scenario in which" situations, and full scale level construction staging
methodologies – all with a specific end goal to accomplish the streamlining of
the development plan.
Therefore, with the help of schedule visualization, participants will be able
to make sound decisions and changes to the projects based on multiple
sources of accurate real-time information. 4D BIM show the critical path and
the dependency of project sequences in chart form. When there is some
changes happened in the project design, advanced BIM model will
automatically identify all the chances that will affect the critical path and will
indicate what the corresponding impact will be on the overall delivery of the
project.
 Synchro Professional Software
 Navisworks
 Vico Control Software
 Navigator
 ITwo
 Innovaya

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With 4D BIM, groups are sitting together to survey an ongoing recreation of the
venture. Everybody has a similar vision rapidly and productively, thoughts are talked
about, and information and experience are shared. Changes can be made in a split
second, unique methodologies can be tried for effects, and conflicts can be found right
on time simultaneously. 4D representation is changing the whole conveyance prepare,
yet programming alone doesn't change an association; individuals and procedures must
be at the focal point of this exertion. In development, organizers and schedulers are at
the focal point of the procedure. They are a key achievement factor of the conveyance
group and should assume a key part in innovation basic leadership. Extraordinary
outcomes originated from participation between all colleagues, from the officials to the
workers.
3.4 Advantages of 4D
There are more benefits by integrating of 4D BIM:
 Enhanced connection with stakeholders with better understanding
 Preparatory investigation of movement streams, occupant staging, development
exercises
 Bolster improvement of development sequencing choices
 Enhanced sub-temporary worker coordination
 Diminished number of RFIs and COs
 Point by point investigation of developments sequencing
3.5 Disadvantages and Costs involved
Albeit one of the upsides of utilizing a BIM demonstrate is that progressions can
be made rapidly, BIM can upset the general obtainment and development handle when

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requesting things that require a long lead time. For instance, a contractual worker may
need to arrange material in view of the measurements of the plan. Requesting this
material may take weeks or months. In the event that the measurements change, as
may happen when various contractual workers are contributing data into a model
consistently, the temporary worker might be left with deficient time to arrange the
material. Another difficulties of actualizing BIM is to oversee asset and data, after the
entire usage of BIM and system based reconciliation. The organization that is
actualizing BIM needs to guarantee that the providers and subcontractors stick to this
same pattern. This inclusion and execution of BIM by providers and subcontractors will
prompt administration of more data. Additionally, mapping and administration of assets
is as yet done customarily. New lawful and construable procedures are to be set up for
the effective execution of BIM. The firm needs to choose an accomplished and talented
accomplice that can bolster with capability, information, experience and assets.

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4.0 5 Dimension of BIM- Estimating
4.1 Introduction to 5D BIM
BIM is a process for creating and managing all of the information on a project
before, during and after construction, producing digital descriptions of every aspect of
the built asset. This software has proven its worth by enhancing the productivity of
architects, engineers, and construction firms. BIM consist of many dimensions, namely,
2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D and 7D. With that being said, what is 5D BIM?
The fifth Dimension of Building Information Modelling (5D BIM) is the process of
applying costs to the model where model objects including specification data and other
properties which can be directly used for pricing construction work. From this
dimension, material quantities are able to be automatically generated from the data
within the model. This model is normally utilized by the Quantity Surveyors or estimators
for tasks such as quantity take-offs, estimation and cost management, budget tracking
and cost analysis related activities, in a collaborative project environment. As BIM
workflows become more established within the construction industry, QS & estimators
will require the ability to deal with these models and know how estimating from the
model fits in with the BIM supply chain.
5D takes BIM to the next level. It adds cost and time into the equation, helping a
project come in on budget, on time and be consistent with what a design began with.
This makes the lives of Architects and Quantity Surveyors easier. 5D BIM also
demonstrates completely valued parametric building components inside a virtual model
in real time. With 5D BIM, it is possible to generate models which show how

12
modifications with materials, layouts, square footage and other design elements that
influence the display of a facility as well as the cost and schedule of construction.
The 5D layer of a project allows for more detailed cost information so that
stakeholders can evaluate the price of the project and the cash flow needed for each
phase of construction. 5D BIM includes estimates based on the design and timeline
costs for each part of the project, including labour and materials which helps in creating
a budget. It also includes a detailed schedule showing the costs when the project has
begun, which can help with managing monthly cost reporting.
As the BIM objects are real products that are configured and specified inside the
BIM model, very accurate estimations can be done. BIM users can export detailed
material requirements and the details of the components with the correct set of
properties at this stage. This will help the estimator and designer to make as detailed
cost estimation as possible. The ability also will cover bill of materials of non-geometric
objects and sub components. At this stage, costs can also be calculated based on
rental equipment for the site. Objects can have additional properties like step-by-step
time to add a more detailed accuracy on quantity estimations.
Integrating BIM with 5D simulation models enables the development of more
efficient, cost-effective and sustainable constructions. It can also result in a greater
accuracy and predictability of project's estimates, scope changes and materials,
equipment or manpower changes.

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 Autodesk Revit
 ArchiCAD
 CodeBook
 Vico Cost explorer
 Trimble SketchUp
 MicroStation
 VectorWorks Architect
 Allplan
 VisualARQ
 ARCHLine.XP
5D BIM is the process of process of applying costs to the model where model
objects including specification data and other properties. 5D Estimation improves
budgeting, provides cost-loaded schedules, and displays multiple interactive forecasts
to make agile comparisons. When the design is changed, cost adjustments are
calculated in real time. This enables general contractors to help the owner improve
design with value-engineering decisions. Nonetheless, there are many ways a 5D BIM
can improve Construction Supply Chain Management.
One of the ways it improves Construction Supply Chain Management is that 5D
BIM understands the scope of the projects in a more superior manner with its visual and
data modelling capabilities. Its cost function are driven by formulas on every building
system on the basis of the certain design, materials, site conditions, phasing and other
parameters with reference to the owner’s timeline. It is very accurate and reliable. With
this, the project team members will be able to easily understand the projected design,

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assumptions and cost drivers. This ensures them to obtain a transparent and perfect
description of scope, cost and schedule upon which funding decisions are taken.
Besides, data obtained is achieved in real time once the model is developed or
modified. While owners and project teams can get the cost and other data disclosed
instantly, they can also easily search for substitute perceptions. It reduces design and
estimation cycle time. Its overall efficiency is enhanced with the authentic and perfect
updates. Moreover, the construction costs are also modified automatically in real-time
with the alteration in the model. “What-if’s” turns to be productive and captivating
solution missions for the project team members, specifically the owner.
Moreover, its databases allow for a leveraging historical data as well as industry
experience. Data can be used from particular sectors like a healthcare or distribution
centre construction. Likewise, all the interested parties associated with the project can
visualize the end product and properly understand what’s comprised in the budget.
Some of the advantages are:
 More accurate estimates
 Improving building design and performance
 Increase in efficiency
 Save cost and labour
 Higher quality product
 Improving visualization of construction details
 Earlier risk identification
Although 5D BIM provides a lot of advantages, there are also perceived barriers
to 5D BIM implementation within the construction industry.

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One of it is prohibitive set-up costs. As we all know, Building Information
Modelling (BIM) is quite an expensive software to install. Only larger or richer
construction companies are able to afford it according to its budget. Moreover, even if
they have the software, updating it to 5D BIM with its database might be even costlier.
This makes user feel hesitant to buy and update the software. Besides, cost of training
people to use the software is also high. Specialized training is required in order for
users to fully master the software.
Besides, it also has lack of software compatibility. 5D BIM is relatively new nature
of the market. Software manufacturers may be doing something different with its
software. This interoperability challenge would make it difficult for projects to function if
different team members own different software packages. Newer version of programs
may also have interoperability issues too.
Furthermore, it also has a lack of protocols for coding objects within building
information models and lack of integrated models which are an essential prerequisite for
full interoperability, and hence collaborative working, in the industry. Further research is
recommended to find solutions to overcome these barriers to facilitate the cost
modelling process.

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5.0 6 Dimension of BIM - Sustainability
5.1 Introduction
The final BIM model is not only priceless in design and construction stages, but
also during operation and maintenance. A 6D model is a comprehensive model of a
built structure with all attributes to be used for monitoring and planning maintenance
and rehabilitation works.
The BIM model includes all elements and materials related to the information
provided by the subcontractors installing them. During maintenance, the BIM model
foresees all effects of a replacement or rehabilitation of elements on the structure, such
as changes in geometry and cost of maintenance works or rehabilitation required.
6D-BIM helps perform energy consumption analyses. The utilization of 6D-BIM
technology can result in more complete and accurate energy estimates earlier in the
design process. It also allows for measurement and verification during building
occupation, and improved processes for gathering lessons learned in high performance
facilities.
The 6D model is usually delivered to the owner when a construction project is
finished. The "As-Built" BIM model is populated with relevant building component
information such as product data and details, maintenance/operation manuals, cut
sheet specifications, photos, warranty data, web links to product online sources,
manufacturer information and contacts, etc. This database is made accessible to the
users/owners through a customized proprietary web-based environment. This is
intended to aid facilities managers in the operation and maintenance of the facility.
6D provides the information required by Facility Management to persist for the
lifecycle of a facility. Data for operations and maintenance starts in design model, it

17
attributes for spaces rooms components and materials. Next, “As-Designed” attributes
are refined and replaced in the procurement, fabrication and assembly processes during
construction. “As-Constructed” attributes in digital format usable by a computerized
Maintenance Management System (CMMS).
 Autodesk Ecotect Analysis
 Autodesk Green Building Studio
 Graphisoft EcoDesigner
 IES Solutions Virtual Environment VE-Pro
 Bentley Tas Simulator
 Bentley Hevacomp
 DesignBuilder

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5.3 How 6 dimension of BIM improves the Construction Supply
Chain Management
At delivery phase, 6D enables design teams to consider their impact of their
proposals over a built asset’s lifecycle, simulating outcomes and anticipated costs. But
the ultimate value, lies in the use of that data to support the operational phase.
At handover, project teams can pass their complete data set (known as an Asset
Information Model or AIM from that point) over to the end-user. The digital model offers
them a more controlled, accessible and easily navigable way of managing their
information. It’s much more practical than the bundles of lever arch folders that are
handed over traditionally.
With this data on maintenance, lifespans and energy performance to hand,
operators can determine the costs of those activities and create spend profiles over a
built asset’s life, pre-planning maintenance activities years in advance. It helps them
adopt a completely planned and pro-active approach to facility management and
operation as opposed to a reactive one when unexpected events and costs can crop up
at any moment.

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This dimension takes the model past the construction phase, into the operations
of the built facility. It integrates the model with the built facilities brilliant data-driven
operations. It also helps perform the analysis on the energy consumption. It has
provided several advantages:
● Efficient and energy-saving consumption
● Proper asset management
● Provides a lifetime virtual building model
● Provides a localized container for facility design, construction and operation
information
5.5 Disadvantages and Cost Involve
6 Dimension is not yet universally used among construction professionals. There
is always the possibility that one of the subcontractors may not use BIM and may not be
able to use your models. It is also critical for operators and facility management to read
and study the models using the BIM software, since they do not undergo significant
training. Problems may occur if the drawing design and the related information are not
precise and accurate.
Besides, various information which comes from various phases of the building’s
lifecycle should be available to operate and maintain the many complex energy systems
used by buildings’ occupants. However, the building information is fragmented, which is
created by different teams with different objectives and stored in different system.
Therefore, this identifies that lack of integration of information is the barrier for energy
managers in using BIM 6D.
The software used are usually cost intensive and not easy to use. This means,
specialized training is necessary to use them. Other than that, a contractor may need to
upgrade its computer system to effectively use the BIM software.

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6.0 7 Dimension of BIM – Model
6.1 Introduction
After a few updates of dimension, the 7D model of BIM have finally introduced to
the industry. From each of this every update, BIM system offer a tools for a better
control and different specific standard for different categories of work in the construction
industry. 7D model is also known as the facilities management model, which serve the
purpose of operation and maintenance of facilities of a building throughout its life cycle.
It serve various functions that will allow the user to extract & track relevant asses data
such as component status (condition of facilities& building components) , specification
(specification of components size ,period of maintenance , components price & etc),
maintenance operation manuals ,warranty data & else.
After reading through a few online forums , I noticed that some of the
professional people in construction industry think that the 6D & 7D models are
unnecessary, as they are too advance to be archive and is an exaggeration of the
principles of physic But will 7D model (facilities management model) will really work well
and cope with the realistic ?
Software for 7D modeling can be used to track the operation & condition of
facilities, upon the completion date till the end of the facilities life cycle. For an example,
software of 7D in BIM system can use to track the condition of the ongoing using lift, its
maintenance period , type & size of parts and the location of its parts which will result in
easier and quicker parts replacement ,optimized compliance & a streamlined asset life
cycle management overtime.
7D model of BIM express the specification to prepare the O & M manual
(sometimes known as building owner’s manual), this manual is prepared by contractor
and give to the owner as a part of handover procedure (usually attach to tender

21
documents). O & M manual content mechanical & electrical services specification, date
of maintenance of asset & facilities and else .If there is any confusion or lost of owner’s
manual, contractor can always use the BIM system to track back the needed
information for every each of components in the building
Last but not least, 7D model serve as a guild line to prepare life cycle of BIM
strategies, Cobic data population, BIM maintenance plan and serve for file hosting
purpose.
6.2 How 7D model improve the construction supply chain
management
The components of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in construction industry
including the process of planning & design, development (outsourcing), make
(construction & production delivery), deliver & finally facility management & assets
control (post construction stage). 7D model is extremely important in the last stage
which is facility management & assets control.
7D is the “as built” BIM model which is very important as part of the handover
process to the building owner. This model is the fundamental part of the Return of
investment (ROI) for BIM by providing accurate facilities management (FM) and asset
management (AM).With the accurate calculation, owner or contractor can estimate and
expecting how much to spent on maintaining the facilities of a building and, include the
amount into the building of quantity (BQ).
 Bentley facilities
 Onuma System
 EcoDomus

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 Facility Management interact
6.4 Disadvantages and Cost Involved
7D model of BIM system is new to the industry, which means the facilities
manager may not be familiar with the function and working method on the software for
7D model, situation get worse when frequent update and changes of information are
inserted into the modeling in the post-construction stage. Poor management of
modeling will cause overload of work to the program operator, misplace of information
and incur more costs.
As 7D model is consider to be a “not yet mature” model , more than one party will
be involve in the process of updating information & reparation the facilities , this is
because the building management office or the owner are not expert in managing the
BIM system .For an example if a lift of the building break down , the building
management office or the owner will need to refer back to the contractor for the part’s
detail , reparation method & maintenance period , this will somehow increase the
complexity of work and give additional work load onto facilities management and owner.
Furthermore , each of the individual or company have different preferred software
application and system, which cause large number of data exchanges ,conversion and
updating is require for every times of maintenance.
6.5 Recommendation for 7D
Research have found out that , only 2 out of 10 of the developer is using 7D
modeling system , as the system is not mature and stable enough. This happen
because there is no standard or rules and regulation to be follow by different parties in
construction industry.

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CIDB or others government bodies should come out with list of standards,
construction rules and standardize the software application to prevent unnecessarily
work such as conversion of file hosting format between different software and system.
Furthermore, CIDB should provide with 7D modeling software training classes,
this will effectively encourage the usage of 7D modeling software in the industry.

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7.0 Recommendation
After doing several research, we found that BIM offers an easy platform for
quantity surveyor to measure with greater accuracy and higher speed. However, some
of the QS profession feel that design information within models not being structured
correctly or, poorly designed models deter the QS from using a BIM model in carrying
out their role. They also strongly reflect a lack of understanding and skills in BIM. To
solve this problem, we recommended to organize a program in order to offer the
required support, training and guidance for Quantity Surveyors in Malaysia. BQSM
should arrange some Training Seminars and Workshops on BIM to increase their
knowledge and use of BIM amongst QS members.
Next, we recommended to use Clash Detection during constructability process.
In current practice, many conflicts (steel, ductwork, conduits, piping, etc.) are not
discovered until the shop drawing and coordination process has been initiated by the
contractor. At this point, these conflicts could result in design changes which may
ultimately lead to claims due to field required re-work. In addition, and as is current
practice, many of the designers who for months maintained intimate knowledge of the
project, may have been assigned to new projects and are not available months down
the road to assist when these issues come up.
Besides, BIM files should be provided to bidders for estimation purposes. By so
doing, quantity variation will be lessened as all bidders would be basing their costs off
the same information. The BIM files should be better able to represent the intent of the
design and by reducing misunderstandings of this nature and therefore lower contractor
contingencies should result.
These recommendations help to develop a strong awareness among the
construction industry players and increase the effectiveness of BIM. The relative
newness of BIM means that there are limited numbers of experts working in the field.

25
Some actions should be taken so that people could have a chance to contact with this
software and slowly introduce BIM to the market.

26
8.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, BIM is a handy tool to support Architecture, Engineering and
Construction (AEC) industries in order to let the construction process become more
efficient and effective. There are few different of dimension of BIM, each of the
dimension are develop for different purpose and services. The future of the construction
industry is digital and BIM is the future of design and long term facility management.
Government play a vital role in led and drive the industry by using this future technology
and implementing change across all industries. As hardware, software and cloud
applications herald greater capability to handle increasing amounts of raw data and
information, use of BIM will become even more pronounced than it is in current projects.
With the implementation of using BIM, the future of construction industry will more
efficient and effectively.

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9.0 Reference List
(2016, December 30). What Is 5D BIM And Its Benefits. Retrieved July 09, 2017, from
https://arkasite.wordpress.com/2016/12/30/what-is-5d-bim-and-its-benefits/
5D BIM Explained. (n.d.). Retrieved July 11, 2017, from https://www.fgould.com/uk-
europe/articles/5d-bim-explained/
BIM 3D,4D, 5D, 6D & 7D. (n.d.). Retrieved July 11, 2017, from
http://www.bimpanzee.com/bim-3d-4d--5d--6d---7d.html
M. A. (2016, April 8). Why 4D, 5D and 6D BIM need real manufacturers’ BIM objects
hosted on a professional cloud solution. Retrieved from
https://bimobject.com/en/blog/post/why-4d-5d-and-6d-bim-need-real-manufacturers-
bim-objects-hosted-on-a-professional-cloud-solution

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