The document summarizes several behavioral leadership theories from the 1940s-1950s. The Ohio State and University of Michigan studies identified two key leadership behaviors: consideration and initiating structure. Michigan researchers also identified two orientations that influence employee performance: employee orientation and production orientation. Additionally, the Managerial Grid theory presents five leadership styles that combine concern for production with concern for people, advocating for a 9,9 team leadership approach.

1. BEHAVIOURAL THEORY

2. Behavioural theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born.Explain leadership on the basis of what leaders do.Leadership is the result of effective role behavior.The two most famous behavioral leadership studies took place at Ohio State University and the University of Michigan in the late 1940s and 1950s.

3. Michigan researchers under the direction of Rensis Likert identified 2 leadership styles or orientations which influences employee performance and productivity : Employee orientation Production orientationThe Michigan Studies

4. Identified 2 leadership behaviours: Initiative Structure (IS) and Consideration(C).Ohio State scholars developed : Leader Behaviour Description Questionnaire(LBDQ) Leader Opinion Questionnaire(LOQ) Researchers found that IS and C are independent.The Ohio State University Studies

5. This concept is created and developed by R.R.Blake and Jane.S.Mouton. Effective in improving people’s attitudes and behaviour throughout an entire organisationThe grid combines "concern for production" with "concern for people" and presents five alternative behavioral styles of leadership. It has been successfully applied in industry and has contributed greatly to increased profits.The Managerial Grid

6. Country Club1,9 Team 9,9Middle road5,5Concern for peopleImpoverished1,1 Task9,1Concern for productionEach is expressed as a nine-point scale concern. The number 1in each represents minimum concern. The number 9 represents maximum concern. The grid helps managers to identify their own leadership styles. Help them to move towards (9,9) style.

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