The document discusses two major behavioral theories of leadership: the Ohio State Model and the University of Michigan Studies. The Ohio State Model identified two dimensions of leader behavior: initiating structure and consideration. The University of Michigan Studies identified employee-oriented and production-oriented behaviors, finding that employee-oriented leaders achieved high employee satisfaction and production. Both studies aimed to identify the behaviors that differentiated leaders from non-leaders based on their effects on employee satisfaction and performance.

1. BEHAVIORAL
THEORIES
Anagha Das

2. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
• Theories proposing that specific behaviors
differentiate leaders from non leaders.
• Traits and behavioral theories differ in terms of their
underlying assumptions.
• Trait Theory
Leaders are born, not made
• Behavioral Theory
Leadership traits can be taught

3. Ohio State University Model
• In 1945, the Bureau of Business Research at Ohio
State University initiated a series of studies on
leadership.
• The main objective of the studies was to identify
the major dimensions of leadership and to
investigate the effect of leader’s behavior on
employee behavior and satisfaction.

4. • The Ohio State Leadership Studies identified two important
leader behaviors:
Initiating
Structure
Consideration
Structuring the job, establishing
well-defined patterns of
organization
Showing mutual trust , respect and
friendship.

5. The Ohio State Model

6. Conclusion of Ohio State Model
• High-High leader i.e., high in consideration and high in
initiating structure achieved high subordinate performance and
satisfaction, but not in all situations.

7. University of Michigan Studies
• Leadership studies conducted at the University of
Michigan identified behavioral characteristics of
leader that were related to performance
effectiveness.

8. • The two dimensions identified by them are:
• Relationship-focused environment
• Less direct/close supervision
• Fewer rules and regulations
• Focuses on employee concern and
needs
Employee
Oriented
• Constant Leader Influence
• Direct/close supervision
• Many rules and regulations
• Focuses on getting work done
Production
Oriented

9. High
employee
satisfaction
and Low
production
High
employee
satisfaction
and High
production
Low
employee
satisfaction
and Low
production
Low
employee
satisfaction
and High
production
Employee-Oriented
Production-Oriented
High
High
Low
Low

10. Conclusion of Michigan Studies
• Michigan Studies concluded that the leaders who
were employee oriented were able to get high
group productivity and high group member
satisfaction.

11. REFERENCES
• Principles of Management
By P C Tripathi | P N Reddy
• Management
By Stephen Robbins | Mary Coulter | Niharika Vohra