The document discusses norm-referenced grading systems, where a student's performance is evaluated relative to other students in the group. It provides examples of how student scores in two hypothetical classes would be converted to percentiles. Specifically, it shows that a student who scored 75 in Class A would be at the 80th percentile, while a student with the same score of 90 in Class B would also be at the 80th percentile. The document also notes some difficulties with norm-referenced systems, such as differences in class ability levels that make direct score comparisons unfair.

1. Norm-Referenced
Grading System
Tadeo A. Rosalia

2. My task;
• Difficulties in Grading
• Discuss what is norm-ref.
Norm-Referenced Grading System
– Refers to a grading system where in a student
performance is evaluated relatively to the performance of
the other student.
– Using the norm-ref. grading system, a student performance
is evaluated relatively to the performance of other student
within the group.
– Also known as grading curve the teacher will be the one to
set how many percent of the student in the class assign
each grade if it is not stated in the grading policy.
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3. Some example:
1. Percentile rank Formula:
L-percentile, M-Score, N-no. of Observation.
2. Standard nine (stanine) are some example of
norm-reference grading system.
3. Mean
Formula:
Norm-Referenced Grading System
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4. Example
– 10 student in different class with different scores. Section A and B.
– Midterm scores 100 items, same test paper.
Class A= ( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
Class B=( 55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,90,95,)
• Student in “A” class .Raw Score 75 Percentile score 80%
• Student in “B” class .Raw Score 90 Percentile score 80%
Norm-Referenced Grading System
Tadeo A. Rosalia

5. HOW TO GET THE MEAN?
• Class A= ( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
• Class B=( 55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,90,95,)
• CLASS “A”
• = Or
• Sol.=
Mean= 61
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6. • Class A= ( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
• Class B=( 55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,90,95,)
• CLASS “B”
or
Sol.
=
mean= 76
HOW TO GET THE MEAN?
Tadeo A. Rosalia

7. • Class A= ( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
• Class B=(55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,90,95,)
• Student in “A” class .Raw Score 75 Percentile score 80%
= =7.5 or 8 observation “A”
• 80% observation is less than 75
and 20% is greater than 85.
• Student in “B” class .Raw Score 90 Percentile score 80%
=8.5 observation “B”
-80% observation is less than
90and 20% is greater than 90.
Tadeo A. Rosalia

8. • Student in “A” class .Raw Score 75 Percentile score 80%
= 7.5 or 8 observation “A”
• Student in “B” class .Raw Score 90 Percentile score 80%
= 8.5 observation “B”
• The following examples shows some of the of the difficulty
associated with Norm-Reference Grading System.
• -Problem equivalency .
Class A= ( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
Class B=( 55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,90,95,)
Tadeo A. Rosalia

9. • Indeed if one of the test used in the two classes are the same,
it would be rather unfair.
• This problem called Problem of Equivalency.
• One of example here a valedictorian , one from some remote
area rural high school and second a valedictorian from a
popular universities in urban area.
-Does one expect the same level of competence for these two
valedictorian?
Rural school Urban school
Level of Competence
Norm-Reference Grading System
Tadeo A. Rosalia

10. If Mr. Ryan score is 75?
• Class A= ( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
• Mean= 61
• Percentile score 80%
• Pass or Fail ?
Example..
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11. Stanine Diagram “standard nine”
• Mean 61
Raw Score= 75
Stanine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Raw score 30 40 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Poor BLW AV. Average Above Average
failure failure pass pass
Class A= ( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
Tadeo A. Rosalia

12. Norm-Referenced Grading System
Grading equivalent Raw score
Above average 75-85
Average (fair) 61-84
Below average (failure) 50-60
Poor (failure) 30-49
Raw score (Class A)
1-100 items exam.
-If Mr. Ryan score is 75? Tadeo A. Rosalia

13. Percentile Rank
• “Formula”
• L -percentile,
• M -Score,
• N -no. of Observation.
• Sol. =
=7.5 or 8
= 80% observation is less than 75 and 20% is
greater than 85.
Class “A”
( 30,40,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85)
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14. Norm-Referenced Grading System
Other example… Tadeo A. Rosalia

15. Advantage
1. It is very easy to use.
2. It works well for the course with
retention policies and it limits
only few students to advance to
the next level.
3. It useful if the focus of the
individual achievement of the
student
4. It is appropriate to the large
number of student.
5. It does not encourage cooperate
among the student.
Norm-Referenced Grading System
Disadvantage
1. The performance of the
student is not determined
by his achievement, but
also the achievement of the
other students.
2. It promote competition
among the students rather
than cooperation.
3. It cannot be used when the
class size is smaller than
40.
4. Not all students can pass
the given subject or course.
Tadeo A. Rosalia

16. The End
Thank
you
Tadeo A. Rosalia