This theory focuses on the idea that a child if being shaped by his environment. it does not give must attention on the innate aspect of the child.

1. BEHAVIORIST
LEARNING THEORY

2. • Behaviorism, also known as behavioral
psychology, is a theory of learning which
states all behaviors are learned through
interaction with the environment through
a process called conditioning.

3. • Behaviorism is an area of psychology that
focuses on observing and analyzing how
controlled environment affect behavior.

4. Proponents of the Behaviorist Learning
Theory
Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
John B. Watson

5. Ivan Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
• Learning through association
• this learning process creates a conditioned
response through associations between an
unconditioned stimulus and a neutral
stimulus.
• classical conditioning involves placing a
neutral stimulus before a naturally occurring
reflex.

7. • In Pavlov's classic experiment with
dogs, the neutral signal was the sound
of a tone and the naturally occurring
reflex was salivating in response to
food. By associating the neutral
stimulus (sound) with the unconditioned
stimulus (food), the sound of the tone
alone could produce the salivation
response.

8. Ivan Pavlov’s three major tenets of the field
of behaviorism
1. The behavior is learned
from the environment
2. Behavior must be
observable
3. All behaviors are a
product of the formula
stimulus- response

9. John Broadus Watson
• Was a pioneering
psychologist who is
generally considered
to be the first to
combine the multiple
facets of the field
under the umbrella
of behaviorism

10. • Behaviorism is the science of observable
behavior. Only behavior that could be
observed, recorded and measured was of
any real value for the study of humans or
animals.
• Watson’s behaviorist theory focused not on
the internal emotional and psychological
conditions of people, but rather on their
external and outward behaviors. He believed
that a person’s physical responses provided
the only insights into internal actions.

11. • Watson is best known for taking his theory
of behaviorism and applying it to child
development. He believed strongly that a
child's environment is the factor that
shapes behaviors over their genetic
makeup or natural temperament.

13. • Neutral stimulus: A stimulus that does not initially elicit
response ( the white rat).
• Unconditioned stimulus: A stimulus that elicits reflexive
response (the loud noise)
• unconditioned response: A natural reaction to a given
stimulus ( fear)
• conditioned stimulus: A stimulus that elicits a response
after repeatedly being paired with unconditioned stimulus
( the white rat)
• Conditioned Response: A response caused by
conditioned stimulus (fear)

14. • Watson is famous for saying that he could take
a 'dozen healthy infants... and train any one of
them to become any type of specialist he might
select - doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief
and, yes, even beggar-man and thief.' In other
words, he believed that you can expose the
child to certain environmental forces and, over
time, condition that child to become any type of
person you want.

15. Edward
Thorndike’s Law

16. Edward Thorndike
• Regarded as the first to study operant
conditioning or learning from consequences of
behaviors.

17. • He demonstrated this principle by
studying how long it took different
animals to push a lever in order to receive
food as a reward for solving a puzzle.

18. • For this expirement, Thorndike placed a cat in
a box with a piece of food outside of the box
and timed how long it took the cat to push the
lever to open the box and to get the food. The
first two or three times each cat was placed in
the box there was little difference in how long
it took to open the box, but subsequently
expirement showed a marked decrease in time
as each cat learned that same lever would
consistently open the box.

19. Thornsike’s Law of Effect
• Behavior followed by positive results is
likely to be repeated and that any
behavior with negative results will slowly
cease over time

20. Law of effect (Cont..)
• This is considered the most important.
According to this law, the succession of
stimuli and responses is not enough for
learning to occur. For the learning to
happen, reinforcement is needed. This is
that when an act is followed by a reward
it tends to repeat itself, whereas when it
is followed by a punishment the
probability of its repetition decreases.

21. • Behaviors immediately followed by favorable
consequences are more likely to occur again.
Example:
Being praised by a supervisor for showing up
early for work made it more likely that the
behavior would be repeated.

22. • Behaviors followed by unfavorable
consequences are less likely to occur again.
Example: If you show up late for work and miss
an important meeting, you will probably be less
likely to show up late again in the future.
Because you view the missed meeting as a
negative outcome, the behavior is less likely to
be repeated.

23. • we learn based on the consequences of
our actions, this idea was built on
Edward Thorndike’s early contributions
to the psychology of learning.

24. Operant
Conditioning
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

25. OPERANT CONDITIONING
• Skinner introduced a new term into
Law of effect- Reinforcement.
• Behavior which is reinforced tends to
be repeated (i.e. strengthened);
behavior which is not reinforced
tends to died out- or be extinguised
(i.e. weakened)

26. notes
• B.F Skinner coined the term
operant conditioning; it means
roughly changing behavior by
the use of reinforcement which
is given after the desired
response. Skinner Identified
three types of response or
operant that can follow

27. • Behaviorist Learning Theory
focuses on external, tangible
behavior as the object of their
study. it explains behavior as a
stimulus- response dynamism.

28. Types of Responses or operant
A. NEUTRAL
OPERANTS
- Responses from the
environment that neither
increase nor decrease
the probability of a
behavior being repeated.
B. REINFORCERS
- Responses from the
environment that
increase the
probability of a
behavior being
repeated. reinforcers
can either positive or
negative.

29. Types of Responses or operant
C. PUNISHERS
responses from the
environment that
decreas the likelihood
of a behavior being
repeated. Punishment
weakens behavior.

31. • Positive reinforcment strengthens a behavior by
providing a consequence an individual finds
rewarding.
• Removal of unpleasant reinforcer can alo strengthen
behavior. This is know as negative reinforcement
because it is removal of an adverse stimulus which is
rewarding to the animal or person. negative
reinforcement strengthens behavior because it stops
or removes an unpleasant experience.

32. PUNISHMENT
- is defined as the
opposite of
reinforcement since it is
designed to weaken or
eliminate a response
rather than increase it.
It is an aversive even
that decreases the
behavior that it follows.

33. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
• Maintains that behavior is not dependent
on the preceding stimulus. Rather it is
dependent on the consequence to the
response to the stimulus.

34. • Edward Thorndike introduced the Law of
Effect principle to explain how a certain
behavior is strenthened or weakened.
• B.F Skinner refined Pavlov’s and
Thordike’s ideas by introducing the term
Reinforcement and by focusing more on
the consequences of behavior rather than
one preceding stimuli as motivation

35. • The role of the teacher is to manipulate the
environment in an effort to encourage the
desired behavioral changes.

36. THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!