This document discusses the educational philosophy of essentialism. It defines essentialism as believing students should learn basic traditional subjects thoroughly to function in society. Essentialists think education involves mastering core skills and subjects, with teacher-centered classrooms where teachers are moral and intellectual models. The document also examines essentialism's views on knowledge, values, individuals and society, and its core principles which emphasize hard work, teacher initiative, social environment influences, and mental discipline methods.

1. Essentialism

2. Contents
 What is Essentialism? an Introduction
 Essentialism as Philosophy
 Philosophy of Education
 Certainty in Knowledge and Truth
 Certainty in Values
 The Individual and Society
 Fundamental Principles of Essentialism
 Conclusion

3. What is Essentialism?
 Essentialism is the educational theory and
educational philosophy, whose followers believe
that students should learn traditional basic subjects
thoroughly.
 For essentialists, education involves the learning of
basic skills, arts and science
 After the learning of these skills and subjects
students can function as a member of civilized
society.
 Essentialists argue that classrooms should be
teacher-oriented. The teacher should serve as an
intellectual and moral role model for the students.

4. Essentialism as Philosophy:
 There are three primary elements must be
explored which describe the essentialist’s
position on educational priniciples.
 Conservatives must ensure that their
educational doctrine meets the criteria of
consistency.
 The basic issues must be resolved in order
to make essentialism to be considered as
a consistent body of Education.

5. Philosophy of Education:
 The philosophical study of education and
its problems.
 The philosophy of education may be
either the philosophy of the process of
education or the philosophy of the
discipline of education.

6. Philosophy of Education:
1) Metaphysics 2) Episitemology 3) axiology
Metaphysics:
 The term metaphysics literally means
"beyond the physical."
 This area of philosophy focuses on the
nature of reality.
 What is reality?

7.  Episitemology
 Epistemology is a branch of philosophy
concerned with the theory of knowledge.
With focus on the following areas:
(1) The philosophical analysis of the nature
of knowledge.
(2) The sources and scope of knowledge
and justified belief.
(3) The criteria for knowledge and
justification.

8. Axiology:
 Axiology is the philosophical study of
value..
 Axiology studies mainly two kinds of
values: ethics and aesthetics..
 Ethics investigates the concepts of "right"
and "good" in individual and social
conduct. Aesthetics studies the concepts
of "beauty" and "harmony.

9. Certainty in Knowledge and
Truth:
 The conservatives thought the all the
essential knowledge must be transfer
to the students who attend school.
 While essentialists believe that
education prepares for the adult life so
it is necessary that whatever is
learned must be true and the whole
transfer of knowledge is not fair.

10. Certainty in Values
 According to conservative educationists
the most important purpose of school is:
To transfer the traditional values to the
young.
 The conservatives are certain that the
school has a proper role in transmitting
the truth and one does not find in the
literature of conservatism that these values
are permanent and do not change with the
passage of time.

11. The Individual and Society:
 The third philosophical requirement for a
coherent conservatism is an old problem
of the relation of individual to society.
 According to the primary theme that to the
conservatives the society is the important
consideration while the individual must fit
himself without hesitation to the
requirements of the social pattern.

12. Fundamentals of Essentialism
 The essentialists disagree on the value of education with
different philosophies. They agree on the following four
principles.
 (i) Learning is a process of hard work insist on the
importance of discipline and focus on more distant goals.
 (ii) The initiative in education should take by the teacher
rather than pupil.
 (iii) It is largely by the social environment and the
man’s material which determines how he shall live.
 (iv) The schools should keep the methods of mental
discipline by the problem solving.

13. Conclusion:
 The education is a social activity which
simplifies, purifies and integrates social
experience to understand the cultural
heritage.
 The essentialists make sure that young
people should learn all those things that an
adult needs to be known as a useful
member of the society.