This document discusses behavior-based safety, which aims to improve workplace safety by focusing on employee behaviors. It outlines several key principles: - Safety is influenced by the person, environment, and their behavior. - A behavior-based safety process involves observing behaviors, providing feedback, setting improvement goals, and reinforcing safe behaviors. - Implementing such a process can result in increased safety, efficiency, productivity, and morale while reducing injuries.

1. Behavior-Based SafetyBehavior-Based Safety
Behavior-Based Safety is aBehavior-Based Safety is a
process that helps employeesprocess that helps employees
identify and choose a safeidentify and choose a safe
behavior over an unsafe one.behavior over an unsafe one.

2. Basic BehaviorBasic Behavior
PrinciplesPrinciples
Safety in the workplace is aSafety in the workplace is a
combination of threecombination of three
measurable components: themeasurable components: the
person, their environment, andperson, their environment, and
their behavior.their behavior.
Only when these three elementsOnly when these three elements
are combined can workplaceare combined can workplace
accidents be eliminated.accidents be eliminated.

3. Basic BehaviorBasic Behavior
PrinciplesPrinciples
The person component consist ofThe person component consist of
the employees:the employees:
• Physical capabilitiesPhysical capabilities
• Experience, andExperience, and
• TrainingTraining

4. Basic BehaviorBasic Behavior
PrinciplesPrinciples
The work environment represents:The work environment represents:
• Engineering Controls,Engineering Controls,
• Equipment,Equipment,
• Job task, andJob task, and
• The work cultureThe work culture

5. Basic BehaviorBasic Behavior
PrinciplesPrinciples
• The final, most often overlookedThe final, most often overlooked
component iscomponent is behaviorbehavior—what—what
the person does on the job.the person does on the job.

6. The Behavior-BasedThe Behavior-Based
Safety ProcessSafety Process
Behavior-based safety is based on fourBehavior-based safety is based on four
key components:key components:
• A behavioral observation andA behavioral observation and
feedback process;feedback process;
• A formal review of observation data;A formal review of observation data;
• Improvement goals, andImprovement goals, and
• Reinforcement for improvement andReinforcement for improvement and
goal attainment.goal attainment.

7. Behavioral ObservationBehavioral Observation
and Feedbackand Feedback
This is one of the most importantThis is one of the most important
components of the process. Observationscomponents of the process. Observations
provide direct, measurable information onprovide direct, measurable information on
employees’ safe work practices.employees’ safe work practices.
• Employees are observed performing theirEmployees are observed performing their
routine task. The observer documents bothroutine task. The observer documents both
safe and unsafe behaviors.safe and unsafe behaviors.
• The employee is then provided positiveThe employee is then provided positive
feedback on the safe behaviors and non-feedback on the safe behaviors and non-
threatening feedback on the unsafethreatening feedback on the unsafe
behaviors. They are also provided withbehaviors. They are also provided with
suggestions on correcting the unsafesuggestions on correcting the unsafe
behaviors.behaviors.

8. Formal Review ofFormal Review of
Observation DataObservation Data
The data is then analyzed to determineThe data is then analyzed to determine
the employee’s (or department’s)the employee’s (or department’s)
improvement in safe behaviors. Itimprovement in safe behaviors. It
can be looked at as an overallcan be looked at as an overall
percentage.percentage.
Example: If there were 20 items on theExample: If there were 20 items on the
checklist and the worker performedchecklist and the worker performed
17 of them safely, then he would get17 of them safely, then he would get
a score of 85% safe.a score of 85% safe.

9. Formal Review ofFormal Review of
Observation DataObservation Data
The improvement betweenThe improvement between
observations could be graphedobservations could be graphed
and displayed for employees toand displayed for employees to
view. When the graphs showsview. When the graphs shows
improvement, it providesimprovement, it provides
positive reinforcing feedback topositive reinforcing feedback to
employees.employees.

10. Improvement GoalsImprovement Goals
Setting improvement goalsSetting improvement goals
increases the effectiveness ofincreases the effectiveness of
feedback and the success offeedback and the success of
the behavior-based safetythe behavior-based safety
process.process.

11. Improvement GoalsImprovement Goals
These goals can take differentThese goals can take different
forms, such as:forms, such as:
1.1. Percent safe goalsPercent safe goals
2.2. Process goalsProcess goals
3.3. Implementation goalsImplementation goals

12. Reinforcement for ImprovementReinforcement for Improvement
and Goal Attainmentand Goal Attainment
Management must provideManagement must provide
immediate, positive feedback toimmediate, positive feedback to
reinforce safe behavior.reinforce safe behavior.
Rewards can be an effectiveRewards can be an effective
means of reinforcing goalmeans of reinforcing goal
attainment.attainment.

13. ResultsResults
• Increased efficiencyIncreased efficiency
• Increased productivityIncreased productivity
• Increased moraleIncreased morale
• Increase profitabilityIncrease profitability

14. Behavior-Based Safety
(BBS)
•Method for changing industrial worker
safety behaviors and outcomes
•Combines principles of:
-Behavior modification
-Quality management
-Organization development
•Key elements:
-Employee driven
-Continuous improvement process
-Focuses on changing behavior, not
accident/incidents

15. BBS Track Record:
•Implemented at more than 1,000
sites worldwide
•90% of companies adopting
BBS continue
•Average 5-year
incident/accident reduction:
62%

16. Total SafetyTotal Safety
CultureCulture
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
Equipment, Tools, Machines,
Housekeeping, Climate,
Management Systems
BEHAVIOR
Putting on PPE, Lifting properly, Following procedures,
Locking out power, Cleaning up spills,
Sweeping floors, Coaching peers
PERSONPERSON
Knowledge, Skills, Abilities,
Intelligence, Motives,
Attitude, Personality SAFETYSAFETY
CULTURECULTURE

17. Focusing onFocusing on
Behaviors CanBehaviors Can
Reduce InjuriesReduce Injuries
At-Risk Behavior
Near Miss
Minor Injury
Serious Injury
Fatality

18. The ABC ModelThe ABC Model
Explains Why We DoExplains Why We Do
What We DoWhat We Do
Activators
Consequences
BBehaviorehavior
Direct
Motivate

19. The ABC ModelThe ABC Model
Explains WhyExplains Why
People SpeedPeople Speed
SpeedingSpeedingBBehaviorehavior
AActivatorsctivators
Guides or directsGuides or directs
the behaviorthe behavior
CConsequencesonsequences
MotivatesMotivates
future occurrencesfuture occurrences
of the behaviorof the behavior
LateLate
OpenOpen
roadroad
SportsSports
carcar
SunnySunny
dayday
EmergencyEmergency
NoNo
CopsCops Others areOthers are
SpeedingSpeeding
PolicePolice
carcar
DriversDrivers
EducationEducation
SpeedSpeed
limit signslimit signs
Wear & TearWear & Tear
WreckWreck
TicketTicket
PersonalPersonal
InjuryInjury
WasteWaste
GasGas
SaveSave
TimeTime
Fun!Fun!
PropertyProperty
DamageDamage

20. Direction Alone MayDirection Alone May
Not be Sufficient ToNot be Sufficient To
Maintain BehaviorMaintain Behavior

21. Some Consequences AreSome Consequences Are
More Powerful Than OthersMore Powerful Than Others
TheThe MOSTMOST effectiveeffective
consequences are:consequences are:
• CertainCertain
There’s a high probability you’ll receiveThere’s a high probability you’ll receive
the consequencethe consequence
• SoonSoon
The consequence occurs immediatelyThe consequence occurs immediately
after your behaviorafter your behavior
• SignificantSignificant

22. Some ConsequencesSome Consequences
WeighWeigh More Than OthersMore Than Others
Risky Behavior: You're late and you speed 20 MPH over limit
Consequences: Save Time vs. Ticket
Save Time
Ticket
Uncertain
Soon
Significant
Soon
Certain
Significant

23. Identifying ProblemsIdentifying Problems
and Potential Solutionsand Potential Solutions
ABC Analysis helps us understandABC Analysis helps us understand
activators and consequences, andactivators and consequences, and
how they influence safety behavior.how they influence safety behavior.