In India, as not much of attention is paid so far as to this important aspect- animal housing, we find different types of animal houses constructed without careful planning and designing.
Living place or house of cattle is simply known as cattle housing. As an absolute minimum, the housing must provide a comfortable, clean, well-drained and dry lying area together with shelter from adverse weather, space to allow the animal to move, lie down and rise freely as well as access to adequate food and water. Sufficient space per cow and well-arranged feeding managers and resting are contributing not only to greater milk yield of cows and make the work of the operator easier also minimizes feed expenses.
Shelter management for cattle and buffaloes under different climatic conditionsJayashree Gogoi
Physical modification of the every environment is based on two concepts.
One is to protect the cows from the factors contributing to heat stress and other is by enhancing evaporative heat loss by the heat abatement system such as shades, fans, for misters and sprinklers are use to alleviate heat stress of high producing animals
In India, as not much of attention is paid so far as to this important aspect- animal housing, we find different types of animal houses constructed without careful planning and designing.
Living place or house of cattle is simply known as cattle housing. As an absolute minimum, the housing must provide a comfortable, clean, well-drained and dry lying area together with shelter from adverse weather, space to allow the animal to move, lie down and rise freely as well as access to adequate food and water. Sufficient space per cow and well-arranged feeding managers and resting are contributing not only to greater milk yield of cows and make the work of the operator easier also minimizes feed expenses.
Shelter management for cattle and buffaloes under different climatic conditionsJayashree Gogoi
Physical modification of the every environment is based on two concepts.
One is to protect the cows from the factors contributing to heat stress and other is by enhancing evaporative heat loss by the heat abatement system such as shades, fans, for misters and sprinklers are use to alleviate heat stress of high producing animals
Demonstration of housing and layout plans for poultry [autosaved]Usama Usama
It's for businessmen as well as for poultry manager. Very simple and brief informations about housing. If you want to learn more You can connect by email Id
m.musama191@yahoo.com.
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Sheep and goats housing management It is a system in which sheep goats are continuously kept under housing in confinement with limited access in which they are stall-fed. It implies a system where goats are not left to fend for themselves with only minimum care.
CAGE SYSTEM for POULTRY FARMING.pptx.pptxRanit Sarkar
Types and Specification of Poultry Cage system. This system involves rearing of poultry on raised wire netting floor in smaller compartments, called cages. Description and knowledge about present and past systems used in poultry farming in cage system. Advantages and disadvantages of cage system. Difference between different cage system based on description.
Demonstration of housing and layout plans for poultry [autosaved]Usama Usama
It's for businessmen as well as for poultry manager. Very simple and brief informations about housing. If you want to learn more You can connect by email Id
m.musama191@yahoo.com.
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Sheep and goats housing management It is a system in which sheep goats are continuously kept under housing in confinement with limited access in which they are stall-fed. It implies a system where goats are not left to fend for themselves with only minimum care.
CAGE SYSTEM for POULTRY FARMING.pptx.pptxRanit Sarkar
Types and Specification of Poultry Cage system. This system involves rearing of poultry on raised wire netting floor in smaller compartments, called cages. Description and knowledge about present and past systems used in poultry farming in cage system. Advantages and disadvantages of cage system. Difference between different cage system based on description.
1. HOUSING SYSTEM OF PhffvjojfderyyOULTRY.pdfaishcash07
Very good morning ji ji na auntie ammu to basay nai dunia epaper ab naye shikhar ki aur se puchegi kyoo khdungha hai na tere liye yeh vedio call tae v nhi hai nah patni ko kyun nahi hai slow motion to dismiss the case of my life as a princess with the stars light bndh kri hai na tere liye yeh vedio call tae v nhi hai nah patni ko kyun nahi hai slow motion to dismiss the case of my life as a princess with the stars light bndh kri hai na tere liye yeh vedio call tae v nhi hai to aajio hai nah nah I am all set for the network problem hai hi nahi
A short presentation detailing the efforts of Scenic Valley Farms to create a blackberry industry in the Upper Midwest by providing winter protection in high tunnels.
Season Extension Techniques for Market Gardeners; Gardening Guidebook ~ National Sustainable Ag ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
INTENSIVE SYSTEM
• Birds are completely confined in the houses either on floor (ground or slatted floor) or in the cages.
• Most efficient system for the commercial or modern poultry production in huge numbers
A.) DEEP LITTER SYSTEM
• Birds are housed on floor by placing over suitable litter material.
• Characteristics of ideal litter materials – Light in weight
Medium particle size
Highly adsorbent
Rapid drying
Soft and compressible
Low thermal conductivity
Less expensive and easily available
• Commonly available litter materials – paddy husk, saw dust, wood shavings, peanut hulls, sugarcane bagasse, crushed corn cobs, processed papers.
• Thickness of litter – 5cm (2”) in summer and 7.5 cm (3”) in winter finally at the time of disposal 10-12 cm (4”-5”)
Moisture content of litter Consequences
20-25% Optimum moisture
< 20% (Dry) Dusty dehydration, respiratory distress
>30% (wet) Ammonia production, decrease in productivity, increased risk of infectious diseases, keratoconjunctivitis
• Proper stirring of litter i.e. raking should be done on every alternate day.
Reasons for wet litter condition necessary action to be taken
1. Wet & humid weather proper ventilation
2. Excess moisture in faeces due to increased water intake due to excess salt in feed nutritional management
To avoid wet litter 1kg lime or ½ kg super phosphate per square meter should be applied.
Sparkling of wood ash & super phosphate in the ratio of 4:1 @ 5 kg/ 10 square meter area prevents emission of ammonia
B.) SLATTED FLOOR SYSTEM
• Slatted floor, iron rods or wood reapers are used as floor, usually 2-3 feet above the ground level to facilitate fall of droppings through slats.
• Wooden reapers or iron rods of 2” diameter can be used on lengthwise of the house with interspaces of 1” between rods.
SLAT CUM LITTER SYSTEM
Part of the floor is covered with slats and rest of the floor is covered with litter
2/3rd of floor is slats and 1/3rd area is left for litter
Feeders and waterers are arranged in both slat and litter area
Mostly preferred for broiler breeders
In case of breeder flock, nest boxes are usually kept on litter area
CAGE SYSTEM
This system involves rearing of poultry on raised wire netting floor in smaller compartments, called cages.
Very efficient for LAYERS.
Feeders and waterers are attached to cages from outside except nipple waterers, for which pipeline is installed through or above cages.
Auto-operated feeding trolleys and egg collection belts can also be used in this rearing system.
The droppings are either collected in trays underneath cages or on belts or on the floor or deep pit under cages, depending on type of cages.
Based on no. of BIRDS
• Single
• Multiple
• Colony
Based on th
Constructing Coldframes and Hotbeds - for Winter Gardening in Oregon ~ Oregon State University
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Beef Housing and Facilit
Meghan Filbert
CCE of Delaware County, NY
Dairy/Livestock Educator
2. Beef Cattle Production
Cow - calf operation
Feeder cattle operation
Combination of both groups
Growth phases and climate affect
what facilities are needed
4. Perimeter Fencing
2-4 strands high tensile or smooth electric
wire
HT woven wire for sheep, goats and calves
Adequately sized and grounded charger
Minimum
of 3000 volts
Solid corner and end posts
spacing (the hotter the fence, the farther
the post spacing)
35-40’
5.
6. Interior Fencing
Temporary fencing
1-2 strands used to create paddocks within
pasture
Rotational grazing recommended
New
paddock every 2-4 days, 1 week at max.
21 Mistakes to Avoid with Electric Fencing
www.pasturemanagement.com/mistakes.htm
7.
8.
9. …. and the use of temporary products for
interior division fencing.
10. Water Supply
Fresh, unfrozen water is essential!
Distance to water in pasture, ≤ 1 – 0.5 mile
Free access OR ad libitum at least once daily
7.5 cm of linear space/animal at the waterer
10 gallons/1100 lb/day, average weather
20 gallons/1100 lb/day, hot weather
Portable water tanks in pasture
Heated units for winter, snow can be a water
11. Housing
Location
Well
drained soil
Surface water drainage away from water
source
Shelter
Dry
Draft
free
Proper ventilation - eve and ridge vents,
curtains
13. Cows are built for cold
Thick hide
Long hair
Low requirements
High fiber diets
14. Climatic Conditions
Critical temperature (temperature at which
body reserves and/or energy normally
available for gain is used to maintain body
temperature)
0o F for a .45 Mcal NEg
-200 F for .60 Mcal NEg rations
15. Climatic Conditions
Mud and cold rain increase maintenance
energy requirements 25-40%
Cold rain reduces insulation barrier resulting
in increased heat loss
Wind: the critical temp changes about 1
degree F for
each 1mph of wind
Abrupt changes have greater impact on
nutrient demand
Wind breaks help to moderate these abrupt
16. Windbreaks
Natural windbreaks
Dense brush, fence cattle out
Determine snow patterns, put up snow fence
Plant a shelterbelt
Rows of large round bales can provide protection
Windbreak fence
80% solid, ≥ 10 ft high.
Downwind protection 8-10x height of fence
17.
18.
19.
20. Cold Housing:
Portable, 3 Sided Calf Shelter
Needed for calving, weaning, sick animals
Open side facing away from prevailing
winds
Open side facing south for winter sun
21. Cold Housing:
Portable, 3 Sided Calf Shelter
Ventilated by natural air flow
Provides dry resting area
Warming box or heat lamps for winter
calving
Portability makes manure pack easy to
clean
Portability helps control pathogens
Space recommendations in handouts
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29. Old Dairy Barns
Renovation can cost less than a new
structure
Lighting and ventilation usually
adequate
Tie stalls with gutter not recommended
Free stall with manure handling set-up
30.
31.
32.
33. Sources
Agriculture Alternatives, Penn State. http://agalternatives.aers.psu.edu
UMass Extension, Beef Cattle Housing & Equipment. www.umass.edu/cdl
Government of Saskatchewan, Beef Cattle Housing and Feedlot Facilities.
http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Beef_Cattle_Housing
Small Scale Beef Production Handbook. Faulkner, D., Parrett, D.,
Stoughtenborough, T. 1998. Univ. of Illinois Extension
Beef Cow Management, Penn State Cooperative Extension, Equipment and
Handling Facilities.
Beef Housing & Equipment Handbook, 1975, Midwest Plan Service, Iowa State
University, Ames, IA.
Beef Cattle Housing, Kavanagh, A.J. & Dodd, V.A., 1976
Chapter 6: Beef Cattle. http://www.fass.org/docs/agguide3rd/Chapter06.pdf
Today I’ll speak on different types of housing and handling facilities for starting your beef cattle operation.
There are two types of operations that may require housing of some kind. Housing needs are very depend on when you plan on calving. Calving in January requires better shelter than if you were to calve in March or April. If you calve in the winter, shelter will be needed for calves. Reasons to calve in the winter: show calves, put bull in at the wrong time If you plan your operation around Late spring calving does not require the same facilities, only need minimal shelter. Reasons for spring calving: good forage for lactating mothers who have a higher nutrient requirement and you may simply want to have calves on pasture
Different season call for different requirements In the summer, most likely you’ll be grazing your animals. Many types of structures meet winter requirements… list.
Let’s talk about fencing first. Fencing is essential. These are your very basic fencing needs Depending on what group of cattle you’re raising, you may or may not need shelter. You will always need fencing.
Acclimate/educate animals to the fence and electric High Tensile is recommended for numerous reasons (durability, longevity, minimal maintenance, effectiveness) – tree anecdote, spring maintenance, ease of working with/around – hunting clothesneed some form of electric to control animals with temp fence (electrifying barbed wire not recommended)General guidelines:Dairy cows: 1-2 strandsBeef cows & heifers: 3-4 strandsSheep/goats: 4-6 strand or HT woven wireHorses: 3-6 strand (coated or standard); electric rope, board, rail
Seek advice and knowledge from others (SWDC, WAC, NRCS, CCE, other farmers, internet, etc.) Have a plan; minimize gates, corners, ends (reduces costs- especially with high tensile) Bottom line: 1 strand of poly wire can work for containing beef cows as long as they are trained to respect the fence, they have adequate feed and water, and aren’t being chased/harrassed by something. No matter what kind of fence you have, if the animals want out, they’ll get out.
Properly electrified (3kV +) poly products work well for controlling livestockPolytape picturedAll kinds of temporary fence products: tape, wire, netting, ropePlus all kinds of posts insulators, etcI recommend getting some fence catalogs when looking to purchase temp fence products as well as ask around to see what works for others
Couple different set-ups
Interior division fencing
Another essential in any livestock operation is access to fresh water. Portable water tanks in pasture to reduce the impact of cattle in one location. Cattle can acquire water through snow on the ground if you are having trouble getting water to them in the winter.
Once fencing and water is established, then move to housing/shelterTwo considerations when building beef housing facilities Location for shelter, waterers, feeding area If shelter is needed, make sure it is dry and draft free
Windbreaks can be a variety of different setups If possible, use natural windbreaks when selecting a confinement area for cattle. Cattle will kill trees from trampling and rubbing. 80% solid, 20%pourous
Main purpose: to protect from cold, wind, drifting snow, rain and extreme temps. For animals over 600 lbs, windbreaks and dry resting areas are sufficient 5 degrees F above outdoor conditions due to body heat Bed with hay, shavings, straw… build pack – becomes a dense hay mat that gives off heat Move around pasture, makes manure/pack easy to clean and reduces pathogen load/scours
The advantages of this type of structure..
To mention a few other types of structures suitable for raising beef cattle…
Bedded pack, feed storage, can close endwalls, adjust curtains for ventilation, fairly inexpensive.
