This document discusses the history and development of modern poultry production facilities. It describes how early production before 1940 involved backyard flocks raised for both meat and eggs. Advances in breeding, nutrition, and refrigeration in the 1940s-1960s led to larger commercial operations. Today, production is highly specialized and uses total confinement facilities for disease control and automation. Facilities must be tailored for different age classes and products, with separate housing for brooding, laying, and broilers. Fan and evaporative cooling pad selection depends on area needs to provide optimal temperatures and ventilation for bird health and growth.

2. By
Dr. Naeem Tahir
Area Sales Manager
Jadeed Farms (Pvt) ltd.
Faisalabad.
Fan / Pad Selection Criteria And
Their Impact On Working Of House

3. Poultry Housing

4. Early Poultry Production
• Prior to the second world war most
chickens were produced in open yards or
dirt floor sheds.
• With the breeds and feeds available: back
yard producers could produce a 3.5 lb bird
in about 16 weeks.
• Poultry markets were local as the birds
had to be transported live and process
close to the end user.

5. Early Poultry Production
Early production systems were not specialized, flocks
produced meat and eggs which the producer could utilize or
sell. Many rural and even urban families raised chickens to
supplement their income. Note the dirt floor, litter and waste
were removed by hand. While most of these early chicken
houses were naturally ventilated.

6. Poultry 1940 - 1960
• Advances in breeding/genetics and feeds
and nutrition improved feed conversion
and cut production time for a 3.5 lb bird
from 16 to 5 weeks.
• Advances in refrigeration expanded
distribution of processed birds and eggs
and enlarged the market.
• The dynamic of the poultry market and the
industry had changed.

7. Poultry 1940 - 1960
• The scale of
production increased
• Large flocks in houses
or open yards became
the norm
• The price of chicken
dropped
• Demand for poultry
products grew in
response

8. Modern Poultry Production
• Today large scale chicken production is
done in total confinement facilities.
– Weather
– Predators/parasites
– Pathogens
– Automation
– Intensive production schedules
– Control of waste runoff

9. Modern Poultry Production

10. Poultry Production
• Modern poultry operators tend to specialize in one type
of production.
• Poultry housing must be geared toward each individual
operation.
• Houses for various production enterprises may differ
greatly in size, appearance, and arrangement of
facilities.
• However, they also have some similar requirements.
– A good location, with a good water source and a well-insulated
building, equipped with a proper ventilation, heating, lighting,
feeding and watering system are important in all types of poultry
housing.

11. Separation by Age Class & Product
• Poultry producers are separating birds by
species age class and product.
– Brooding – chicks & poults
– Breeding – hens & roosters/toms
– Laying – egg production
– Broilers – meat production
• Age segregation:
– Customize environment to optimize productivity
– Prevent the spread of pathogens
• Younger birds more susceptible than older birds.

12. Brooding
• early period of growth
when supplemental
heat or cold must be
provided, due to the
birds’ inability to
generate enough body
heat.
• Start at 95° F and
reduced by 5° each
week.

13. Brooding
• Brooding rings are used to keep chicks and
poults near food, water and heat, critical for their
survival

14. Broiler/Grow-out Facilities
• Broilers need consistent temperatures and
constant access to food and water to grow
efficiently.

15. Integrator poultry systems
• Typically a farmer in an integrated system
will receive hatched chicks from the
integrator.
• The chicks are raised in a brooding facility
until they are large enough to be moved
into broiler grow-out housing
• The broilers are fed until they reach
market weight and are shipped out live for
processing.

16. Broiler & Breeding Environments
• Integrated company programs vary but
consistent temperatures of 70 - 72° F
produce the best performance in mature
birds.
• Maintaining temperature consistency and
uniformity throughout the house is as
important as the temperature itself.

17. Warm Weather Ventilation
• The 72° F optimum temperature is the effective
temperature the bird feels.
• in warm weather ventilation alone will not reduce the
temperature enough.
• The wind chill effect of tunnel ventilation and evaporative
cooling pads help to lower the effective temperature.

18. Tunnel Ventilation

19. Ventilation

20. Cooling pads

21. Cooling Pad System

22. Fan System

23. Blade Freq. Amp 400 V HP RPM Noise (db). Air Flow
m3/hr
50″ Box
Fan
1220 50hz 2.1 1.5 1440 less
than/equal to
62
44250
50″ Cone
Fan
1270 50hz 2.8 1.5 1440 less
than/equal to
64
51020
Box Fan vs Cone Fan

24. Box Fan

25. Outside Frame Galvanised Sheet
Fan Ducting Fibre Glass / Galvanised
Blade Material Aluminium / Stainless Steel
Hub Aluminium with gun metal busing
Motor IP 55, 230/440V 50hz
Shutter Galvanised Sheet
Structure of Fan

26. Cone Fan

27. Hanging – Axial Fan

28. Size 36″ dia – 3 blade
Motor H.P 1/2 hp, Direct Drive
R.P.M. 960 RPM, 230 V AC. 50hz
Throw 60ft.minimum.
Body & Grill Galvanised
Blade Powder Coated, Aluminum Blade
Hanging – Axial Fan for Air
Circulation

29. Selection of Fan and Pad
Selection of fan and pad depends on the area
requirements like
 Area vise temperature and humidity
 Air velocity
 Shed cross section area
 Capacity of the shed in term of bird
population

30.  To obtain desired air exchange rate
exhaust fan capacity must be determined
at a minimum static pressure of 0.10” (25
Pa).
 Energy efficient `Desired energy
efficiency rating ` Should have an energy
efficiency of at least 20 cfm/watt @0.10”
 Not only we want a fan that is energy
efficient, we want a powerful fan as well.
 A fan with a high air flow ratio is less
affected by the wind.

31. Selection of evaporative cooling pads should
involve consideration of
product effectiveness
useful life
maintenance requirements
dealer support and service
in addition to initial cost. The least expensive
pad materials may not be very cost-effective,
since they are generally less effective at cooling.
The evaporative cooling efficiency is a good
indicator of pad performance.
Pad selection, sizing and placement

32. Sizing of pad systems is based on
preventing excessively high air velocities
through the pad.
High velocities can cause high static
pressure drops and blow water off the pads
both of which reduce system effectiveness.

33. ventilation system design
Air inlets
To avoid dead-air space near the end
wall.
Flute angle of the pads
Placement of Pads Depends

34. PADS CHARACTERISTICS
CELdek® 7090-15:
 Flute angles: 30° and
60°
 Pad thickness: 10cm
 Flute height: 7mm
 Nr of sheets in 60cm:
85

35. 40
40
Flute angles: 40° and
40°
Pad thickness: 10cm
Flute height: 7,3mm
Nr of sheets in 60cm:
82
Gigola & Riccardi 70-90

36. Distance between flutes
2.5 cm
2 cm
Gigola
CELdek

37. VISUAL TEST
Gigola Star Cool 70-90:
 Some corrugated sheets
are shorter than the others
 The surface is not plane
CELdek 7090 and 7060:
The corrugated sheets
have the same length
The surface is plane

38. Performance table for CELdek 7090
Pad thickness: 100mm / Air speed: 1.5m/s / Altitude: 0m above sea level

39. Thank you