The document discusses various methods for providing artificial vision to blind individuals, including microchips, nanotube implants, digital artificial vision, and ocular prosthetics. It focuses on the digital artificial vision method, which uses a video camera, computer, and microcontroller to process images into electrical impulses that are transmitted to electrodes implanted in the visual cortex of the brain. This allows blind individuals to perceive black and white images with their brain. Future research aims to provide color images and replace implants with non-invasive technologies like rays or waves. The goal is for artificial vision systems to eventually restore full sight to all blind people.

1. ARTIFICAL VISION USING
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
“NO BLINDS IN THE WORLD”
Presented by
R.PRABHU
T.RAJKUMAR
||| YEAR ECE
KGISL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION:
“We see with our brains than with our eyes”.
The sole principle used to visionise a blind is
–”DECEIVING OUR BRAINS”.

3. METHODS USED ARE
a)Microchips.
b)Nano tube implant.
c)Digital artificial vision.
d)Ocular prosthetics.
e)Braile type writer

4. BRAILLE TYPE WRITER:
;
• Using a signal processor synchronized
signals are converted to pricking pulses,
which is sensed on a bad interfaced on the
stomach or hand of blind.

5. OCULAR PROSTHESIS
(FALSE EYE)
The BIONIC EYE implant are
of porours polyethylene
,aluminum oxide .

6. DIGITAL ARTIFICAL VISION
• MICRO COMPUTER
a)Sub-notebook computer-Employs a 233
MHZ processor, 32 MB of RAM,4 GB hard
disk,
b)MICRO CONTROLLER-Consists of
pulses 30 HZ to produce each frame

7. IMAGE PROCESSING
• SOBEL filter is most common approach
• They are Gx and Gy

8. MEMS
• A new optical device, called the
microelectromechanical systems– (MEMS-
) based adaptive optics phoropter
(MAOP), will greatly improve this process.
• The electrodes are embedded in silicone-
based substrate polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS)

9. PROCESS IN A VISION FIELD
OF BRAIN IN A HUMAN
Video camera
Analog signal
NTSC link
Digital signal
Sub-notebook computerMicro controller
Edge
Detected
image
Electrical
impulses
Electrodes (phosphenes) Visual field
edged
image

10. The original image seen by
the camera and phosphene
image seen by the visual
field in the brain of the
blind human are as shown

11. HUMAN VISUAL
SYSTEM

13. ELECTRODE IMPLANTATION:

15. NANOTUBES AND
NANOBATTERIES:
• Age related retinal diseases like
macular dysfunction, retinitis
pigmentosa can be averted using
nano tubes.

17. FUTURE APPLICATIONS:
• As now, only black and white images
are seen by this AVS system, research is
being carried to visualize coloured images
by using optical fiber technology.
• Research is being carried to
replace the electrode implantation with ray
or wave devices
• NVCS can be nano fabricated on a
single chip

18. CONCLUSION:
• “WISHING A REMARKABLE
PROGRESS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THIS
ARTIFICIAL VISION SYSTEM,
SUCH THAT EACH AND EVERY
BLIND PERSON TODAY, IS NEVER
A BLIND TOMMOROW.”

19. THANK YOU