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Beta blockers have several effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems. They slow heart rate and conduction, prevent vasodilation and renin release, increase bronchial resistance, reduce intraocular pressure, and inhibit lipolysis and glycogenolysis. Beta blockers form covalent, electrostatic, or hydrophobic bonds with beta receptors, with more selective binding occurring through less reactive bonds. Examples are given of nonselective beta blockers, selective B1 blockers, selective B2 blockers, partial agonists, inverse agonists, and alpha/beta blockers.
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A 64-year-old male was brought to the emergency department after ingesting 50 tablets of amlodipine in a suicide attempt. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that causes hypotension by vasodilation. The patient developed refractory cardiogenic and vasodilatory shock, metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, and other complications and did not improve despite multiple interventions. He was pronounced deceased on the fourth day of hospitalization.
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1) Ethanol is produced commercially by fermenting sugars or starches with yeast. It is then distilled to produce spirits with 40-55% alcohol content.
2) Acute ethanol intoxication causes symptoms like slurred speech and impaired coordination above 80mg/dL blood alcohol content. Treatment focuses on airway protection and supportive care.
3) Chronic heavy ethanol use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms like tremors or seizures upon cessation. Approved medications like naltrexone and acamprosate aim to reduce craving and ease withdrawal.
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This document discusses antiarrhythmic drugs, which are used to treat cardiac arrhythmias caused by disturbances in heart rate, rhythm, impulse generation or conduction. It describes the mechanisms of different types of arrhythmias and classifies antiarrhythmic drugs. The main classes are: Class I sodium channel blockers like quinidine; Class II beta blockers; Class III potassium channel blockers like amiodarone; and Class IV calcium channel blockers like verapamil. For each drug class and example drugs, the mechanisms of action, uses, and potential adverse effects are outlined.
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The lab value in option b) of potassium 5.6 would be a contraindication for taking an ACE inhibitor as it could cause potentially fatal hyperkalemia by inhibiting aldosterone. Options a), c), and d) have normal or non-concerning lab values.
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This presentation deals with the beta blockers commonly used in day-to-day practice alongwith some interesting mnemonics to remember their names & site of action
Betaadrenergicblockers 150412052808-conversion-gate01
Beta adrenergic blockers (β-blockers) are a class of drugs that are competitive antagonists of beta-adrenergic receptors. They are used to treat hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, glaucoma, and other conditions. β-blockers are classified as non-selective or cardioselective. Non-selective β-blockers block β1 and β2 receptors, while cardioselective β-blockers selectively block β1 receptors in the heart. β-blockers produce their effects by inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system's stimulation of the heart and circulation. They reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac contractility, thereby reducing myocardial oxygen demand.
GERIATRIC ANAESTHESIA.pptx
- Geriatric anaesthesia requires consideration of normal age-related changes in physiology and increased prevalence of medical conditions. Elderly patients are at higher risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality.
- There are similarities in the physiological changes seen in elderly patients and infants, such as decreased heart rate response and lung/renal function.
- Common cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and other system changes occur with aging, which can impact anaesthesia management and drug dosing. Regional techniques may provide advantages over general anaesthesia for some elderly patients undergoing surgery.
Beta blocker dr. kiran..
This document discusses beta blockers (ß blockers), which competitively inhibit ß1 and ß2 adrenergic receptors. It covers the mechanism of action, classification, pharmacological properties, individual drugs, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, contraindications, and more. Beta blockers are classified based on generation and properties like selectivity, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and membrane stabilization. They are used for cardiovascular conditions like hypertension, angina, heart failure as well as non-cardiovascular uses including migraine prophylaxis, anxiety, glaucoma, and others. Adverse effects are related to ß1 and ß2 blockade.
Congestive Heart Failure- Part I
The document discusses congestive heart failure (CHF), including its clinical features, goals of therapy, and drugs used. CHF is characterized by reduced cardiac output and tissue perfusion, as well as edema and increased peripheral resistance. The goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms, restore cardiac performance, arrest disease progression, and prolong survival. Drugs used include diuretics, vasodilators, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and aldosterone antagonists. CHF severity is classified under the NYHA system from asymptomatic to class IV with inability to do physical activity without discomfort.
Beta adrenergic receptor blockers
1. Antiadrenergic drugs, also known as beta blockers, are classified as either nonselective (block beta1 and beta2 receptors) or cardioselective (block only beta1 receptors).
2. They work by decreasing heart rate and contraction force, blocking vasodilation, increasing bronchial resistance, and relaxing the uterus.
3. Common side effects include bradycardia, worsening of lung conditions and peripheral vascular disease, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. They are contraindicated in heart block and may precipitate heart failure.
Bisoprolol
This document discusses bisoprolol, a beta-1 selective adrenoceptor blocking agent used to treat hypertension and angina. It provides details on bisoprolol's history, pharmacological properties, therapeutic indications, contraindications, adverse reactions, and toxicological studies. Bisoprolol is a highly selective beta-1 blocker that is well-absorbed orally and has a half-life of 10-12 hours. It is used to treat hypertension, angina, and heart failure by reducing heart rate and contractility. Adverse effects include fatigue, dizziness, and bronchospasm. Toxicology studies found it to be non-cytotoxic, non-mutagenic, and
Adrenergic drugs β adrenergic blocker
This document summarizes different types of adrenergic receptor antagonists or β-blockers. It describes:
1) Nonselective β-blockers that block both β1 and β2 receptors like propranolol, and cardioselective β1 blockers like metoprolol.
2) β-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity like pindolol that can minimize metabolic side effects.
3) Dual α and β-blockers like labetalol and carvedilol that are used to treat hypertension and heart failure.
Congestive cardiac failure therapy
1. Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs due to conditions like coronary artery disease, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy.
2. Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and patient's health, and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes. Common medications include diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and cardiac glycosides like digoxin.
3. Surgery such as valve replacement or angioplasty may be used in some cases. Lifestyle modifications involve reducing sodium and fluid intake, exercising mildly, and taking diuretics as prescribed. Current clinical trials are investigating new treatments and comparing existing medications.
Beta blockers
Beta blockers are a class of drugs that are used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. There are several types of beta blockers that are categorized based on their selectivity and other properties. Some are cardioselective, meaning they mainly affect the heart, while others are non-selective. Beta blockers have various therapeutic uses for conditions like hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, and migraine prevention. Their effects are primarily cardiovascular in nature by slowing the heart rate and reducing blood pressure. Common adverse effects include worsening heart failure and bronchospasm.
Antiadrenergic system and drugs
Anti-adrenergic drugs antagonize the action of adrenaline and related drugs by competitively blocking alpha and/or beta receptors. Alpha blockers such as prazosin are used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia by dilating arteries and reducing prostate tone. Beta blockers like propranolol non-selectively block both beta 1 and 2 receptors and are used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias and migraine. Drugs for glaucoma work by reducing intraocular pressure through various mechanisms such as decreasing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow.
Beta receptor blockers
This document discusses beta receptor blockers (beta blockers), including their classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, uses, and considerations for anaesthesia. Beta blockers work by competitively binding to beta receptors and inhibiting the effects of catecholamines. They are classified based on selectivity and additional properties. Key uses include hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, anxiety and migraine prevention. Perioperative beta blockers can reduce cardiac complications in high risk patients if initiated long enough before surgery. Anaesthetic implications include additive effects on heart rate and blood pressure.
Drugs used in ischaemic heart disease
This document discusses drugs used to treat ischemic heart disease. It begins by classifying common anti-anginal drugs into categories like nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. It then goes into detail about the pharmacology of each drug class, including their mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and side effects. Key points covered include how nitrates work by donating nitric oxide, the benefits of beta blockers in reducing cardiac work, and how different calcium channel blockers have varying selectivity for vascular smooth muscle vs cardiac muscle. The document provides a thorough overview of the pharmacological management of ischemic heart conditions.
TREATMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
There are two distinct goals of drug therapy in CHF.
Relief of congestion/ low cardiac output symptoms and restoration of cardiac performance.
Ionotropic agents, Vasodilators, Diuretics, BETA Blockers.
Arrest/reversal of disease progression and prolongation of survival.
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Beta Blockers, Aldosterone Antagonists.
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b-blockers.pptx is a presentation about beta blockers
b-blockers.pptx is a presentation about beta blockers
Betaadrenergicblockers 150412052808-conversion-gate01
Betaadrenergicblockers 150412052808-conversion-gate01
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BBs
- 2. MOA • Cardiovascular System have negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart increase PR intervals by slowing AV conduction prevent B2 mediated vasodilation prevent release of renin by SNS’s influence • Respiratory System increase bronchial resistance • Eye reduce intraocular pressure
- 3. • Metabolism inhibit lipolysis caused by SNS partially inhibit glycogenolysis caused by liver increase VLDL and dcrease HDL
- 4. Selectivity • Covalent, electrostatic, and hydrophobic bonds ~ less reactive more selective • Types of B Rs
- 7. Examples • Nonselective Propranolol, Nadolol, Timolol, and Pindolol • Selective B1 Acebutolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, and Nebivolol • Selective B2 Butoxamineis • Others Partial Agonists Acebutolol and Pindolol Inverse Agonists Metoprolol Alpha and Beta Labetalol and carvedilol