Basics hf +_ergonomics
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This document provides an overview of human factors and ergonomics, defining them as related but distinct fields concerned with the interaction between humans and the work environment. Ergonomics aims to design objects and systems around human capabilities and limitations, while human factors examines environmental, organizational and job factors that can influence worker behavior and safety. Both fields recognize that up to 80% of accidents are attributable to human factors issues, and a systems approach is needed to understand and prevent human failures by addressing management and organizational root causes.
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Aa asbestos training presentation version for h&s website
Aa asbestos training presentation version for h&s website
Similar to Basics hf +_ergonomics
accident prevention and theories of accident
1. Several theories of accident causation are described, including the Domino Theory, Human Factors Theory, Accident/Incident Theory, Epidemiological Theory, and Systems Theory.
2. The Domino Theory proposes that accidents are caused by a series of preceding factors, and removing the central unsafe act or hazardous condition can prevent accidents.
3. The Human Factors Theory attributes accidents to a chain of events ultimately resulting from human error due to overload, inappropriate responses, or inappropriate activities.
Ergonomics and ergonomic_designs
This document presents information about ergonomics. It defines ergonomics as the scientific discipline concerned with understanding interactions between humans and other system elements to optimize human well-being and performance. There are three main types of ergonomics: physical, cognitive, and organizational. The document discusses applications of ergonomics in engineering psychology, macroergonomics, seating design, and experiments. Benefits of ergonomics include decreased injury risk and increased productivity, efficiency, and morale.
Theory
Workplace accidents cost billions annually and theories of accident causation aim to understand why accidents happen to prevent them. The document outlines several theories including: the Domino Theory which views accidents as resulting from a series of factors; the Human Factors Theory which attributes accidents to human error from overload, inappropriate responses or activities; and the Systems Theory which sees accidents as outcomes of interactions between people, machinery and the environment. A combination of theories may provide the best approach to solving safety problems.
1.)The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, was.pdf
1.)
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, was established in 1970 to
encourage employees and employers to decrease workplace hazards. OSHA recommends that
both parties cooperatively establish workplace-specific safety standards. The agency also
establishes training programs for occupational safety and health personnel. Finally, OSHA
oversees research to find new approaches to workplace safety and health issues, according to
Princeton University Environmental Health and Safety Department.
OSHA has had significant effects on workplace safety. Although U.S. employment has almost
doubled, workplace fatalities have gone down by more than 65 percent since OSHA’s inception.
There were about 38 worker deaths a day in 1970 as compared to 13 per day in 2011.
Occupational injury and illness rates have also lowered noticeably. In 1972 the workforce
experienced about 10.9 incidents per 100 workers as compared to fewer than 4 per 100 in 2010.
Compliance with OSHA regulations along with implementing your own well-designed safety
program can save your business money. Accidents and injuries occurring on the job can result in
major medical and legal expenses. Training your employees and having a program in place can
prevent these costly incidents from occurring. Maintaining a safe environment for your workers
rewards you with increased productivity and higher morale as well.
2.)
Industrial safety expert, H.W. Heinrich’s 10 axioms of industrial safety stem from his domino
theory. He said injuries occur due to a series of preventable incidents or factors. An accident
occurs as the last step or last falling domino.
\"Heinrich Revisited: Truisms or Myths\" by Fred A. Manuele, CSP, PE [2002, ISBN 0-87912-
245-5 published by National Safety Council offers the following in the last chapter. \"The intent
of this book is to present a review of the origin of certain of Heinrich\'s premises that became
accepted as truisms, how they evolved and changed over time, and to determine their validity. A
summary of the observations made in this book follows.
1. Files pertaining to Heinrich\'s research do not exist. Thus, there is no material to review as the
quality of research, or the analytical system used to arrive at his premises or their validity.
2. Heinrich\'s studies were made of accidents that occurred in the 1920s. Safety at work and the
workplace itself have changed substantively since then, as evidenced by noteworthy reductions
in accident experience in the past 70 years. Therefore, the current value and applicability of his
conclusions should be questioned and researched.
3. Although psychology has a place in safety management, the emphasis Heinrich gave to it as
being \"a fundamental of great importance in accident causation\" was disproportionate, and that
overemphasis influenced his work considerably.
4. Heinrich\'s 88-10-2 ratios indicate that among the direct and proximate causes, 88 percent are
unsafe acts, 10 percent are unsafe mechanica.
2007 North Wales OHS - Human factors overview
This document provides an introduction to human factors and its role in safety by Andy Brazier, a chemical engineer and risk consultant specializing in human factors. Over three sentences, it outlines that Brazier aims to introduce human factors and what has been learned about it in major hazard industries, and give ideas on how it applies to lower hazard activities based on his experience in the field and qualifications.
OH service.ppt
This document defines occupational safety and health and outlines seven primary principles. It discusses identifying problems related to agents of injury, humans, and the environment that could impact safety. Best practices for occupational safety and health management include written safety policies, training programs, inspections, and encouraging a safety culture. Compliance with minimum OSHA standards is important but industry best practices aim to exceed standards and proactively ensure worker safety.
Людський чинник в культурі безпеки (Радован Мраз, ВАО-АЕС на АЕС «Богуніце»)
Human performance tools are methods and instruments for preventing human errors that are mentioned in IAEA documents as components of a strong safety culture (SC). Common human performance tools include clear communication, peer checking, procedure use, and questioning attitudes. These tools help link human performance to SC by promoting personal accountability, questioning attitudes, safety communication, and continuous learning. For human performance tools to be successfully implemented at a nuclear power plant, they must have the involvement and engagement of senior management.
HCI_Lec-15.pptx
Ergonomics is the study of optimizing the interface between human beings and designed objects and environments. It aims to improve work performance by removing sources of stress and fatigue through factors like easy-to-view data presentation, comfortable furniture, and a pleasant work environment. Ergonomics applies scientific principles to optimize human well-being and system performance in areas like physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics. Implementing ergonomics principles in design leads to benefits like increased safety, reduced human error, improved usability, and lower costs.
L01 sept
This document provides an overview of a course on fundamentals of labour protection. It introduces the lecturer and provides the course schedule, topics, and reading materials. The course aims to teach students about workplace health and safety legislation, risk assessment, and hazard identification. Key topics include occupational health and safety management, regulations, physical and chemical hazards, risk assessment, and first aid. The document also provides statistics on work-related injuries and diseases globally and for Ukraine to establish the context and importance of the subject. Labs will cover topics like microclimate, air pollution, noise, radiation, and electrical safety.
1. scope, origin & ergonomics
The document discusses human factors and ergonomics. It begins with definitions of ergonomics as applying scientific information about humans to object, system and environment design. It originated in World War 2 to better consider human factors in advanced system design. The document covers topics like the scope of ergonomic design, cognitive ergonomics, history of human factors, classification and objectives of human factors, and the man-machine-environment system. It provides details on the origins and components of ergonomics as well as cognitive ergonomics and ergonomic design principles.
8_OHS_AT_WORKPLACE-2.pptx
This document discusses health and safety in the workplace. It begins with an introduction that explains why workplace health and safety is important, noting that millions die each year from work-related injuries and diseases. It then provides definitions of key terms related to occupational health and safety (OHS), including health, safety, welfare, and hazards. The document outlines the duties of employers, employees, and suppliers regarding OHS. It discusses exposures employees face and causes of workplace accidents. Overall, the document provides an overview of OHS, emphasizing its importance in protecting worker well-being.
Theories of accident causation
The document discusses several theories of accident causation that attempt to explain why accidents occur, including:
- Domino Theory: Accidents result from a series of factors including unsafe acts and conditions. Most are due to unsafe behaviors.
- Human Factors Theory: Accidents are caused by human error factors like inappropriate activities, overload, and inappropriate responses.
- Accident/Incident Theory: Builds on human factors theory, adding elements like ergonomic traps and systems failure.
- Epidemiological Theory: Looks at causal relationships between environmental factors and accidents, like predisposed characteristics, susceptibility, and situational characteristics.
OSH is a function of management.There needs to be a plan for buy-in to the OS...
This document discusses the key principles of occupational safety and health. It defines occupational safety as minimizing risks to maximize quality of life. The seven primary principles are that incidents have identifiable causes, incidents usually have multiple causes, risk is always present, humans are prone to errors, human risk perception is inaccurate, human behavior can change with personalization of risks and access to solutions, and safety is a management function requiring buy-in. The document outlines factors to consider for agents of injury, humans, and environments that influence safety.
SIDS Final Presentation
- The document summarizes Steven Sanzone's research on the impact of organizational culture on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) within the UK construction industry.
- Through questionnaires and interviews with construction professionals, the research found that attitudes and behaviors towards manual handling, influenced by organizational culture, are major contributing factors to MSDs.
- The research concluded that implementing cultural change programs focused on safety and involving workers can help change attitudes and reduce MSDs more than training alone. Recommendations included further research on the effects of safety culture versus no culture.
Occupational health services
Occupational health aims to promote worker health and prevent work-related injuries and diseases. It focuses on maintaining a safe work environment and reducing absenteeism. The goals are to reduce accidents, prevent occupational hazards and diseases, achieve maximum human and machine efficiency, and reduce sick leave. Occupational health services provide medical examinations, health education, hazard monitoring and control of dangerous substances. Common occupational health issues include diseases of the lungs, skin, and musculoskeletal problems due to overexertion or repetitive tasks. Preventive measures include training, medical surveillance, hazard identification and immunizations.
1. With the advent of texting, laptops, notebooks, iPads, tablets, a.pdf
1. With the advent of texting, laptops, notebooks, iPads, tablets, and the like, are humans
working in a more ergonomically correct society, or a less ergonomically correct society?
2. What can or should technology do to provide ergonomic solutions for new products?
3. Is it the manufacturer’s responsibility, or the user’s responsibility to find ergonomic solutions?
Solution
1.With the development of present technology there is a wide usage of
iPads,tablets,laptops,notebooks etc., due to which every person in the universe is very excited
and also got addicted to use such things that makes our life easy and simple. But to the prior,
every person must check about the ergonomics in using these things which are a boon as well as
a curse.
With the aggressive advancement and increased complexity of technical equipment in the 1940s
– it was soon realized that not all benefits of the equipment would be delivered if users did not
understand how to correctly use it. Alphonse Chapanis, a Lieutenant during World War II, most
notably redesigned aircraft controls using ergonomic principles. In applying these principles,
control panel ease-of-use was increased and ultimately helped reduce the number of crashes that
had, until then, been attribute to pilot error.
The term ergonomics was coined – from the Greek roots (ergon and nomos) – at a 1949 meeting
of world-renowned physiologists and psychologists. Later in 1949, this same body of scientists
and like-minded colleagues formed the Ergonomics Research Society, or ERS, which became the
first such professional body in the world. The group continued to evolve with the changing
workplace landscape and begin to incorporate other factors such as workplace layout, light, heat,
noise – more physical aspects. The organization is now known as the Institute of Ergonomics and
Human Factors (IEHF) and continues to study the benefits and factors that effect people both
inside and outside of the workplace.
To me, this is a less ergonomically correct society. Human working has become stressed and
even more than stressed. All this is due to development in technology which is leading to the
callous of the world and even there is running a cold war between each person in this world. Due
to over stress, every human is suffering from some or the other disease. According to some
recent survey, every human almost all 87% of human population is suffering from some or the
other brain disease. This is due to stress in the office who are working in the age of 27-40yrs old.
So, I think this is something very less ergonomically correct society.
2.Human±job interface technologyÐwork design ergonomics
Human±job interface technology has its roots in the early work of such persons as
Hugo Munsterberg and the development of industrial psychology (e.g. see Landy
1985), and in the work of Fredrick W. Taylor, Frank B. Gilbreth and others and the
development of industrial engineering (Helander 1997). Industrial psychology was
developed with a .
Introduction to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) prevention
Introduction to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) preventionEuropean Agency for Safety and Health at Work - EU-OSHA
This presentation provides a general introduction to the prevention and management of musculoskeletal disorders that could be complemented with other presentations or publications in the scope of Campaign 2020-22 Healthy Workplaces Lighten the Load.00 ergonomics-and-therapy-an-introduction (1).ppt
The document discusses the relationship between occupational therapists, physical therapists, and ergonomists. It outlines how therapists can contribute to ergonomics in the areas of workplace analysis, environment and product design, and research. Specifically, therapists provide expertise in injury prevention, functional capacity assessments, safe working postures, and workplace accessibility for individuals with disabilities. The goal is to apply therapy and ergonomic principles to enhance human performance, safety, and productivity.
Ergonomics and Human Factors Fundamentals: An introduction
1) Ergonomics is the scientific study of interactions between humans and other elements of systems. It aims to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.
2) Ergonomists contribute to design and evaluation of tasks, jobs, products, environments, and systems to make them compatible with human abilities and limitations.
3) The document discusses various domains of ergonomics including physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics and provides examples of ergonomic applications in workstation, furniture, and product design as well as risk analysis.
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heat stress
The document provides tips for workers to prevent heat stress such as drinking water, taking breaks in cool areas, monitoring urine color, and reporting any issues to supervisors. It describes symptoms of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke and emphasizes that heat stroke is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment and cooling of the body. Risk factors for heat stress are discussed including age, weight, fitness level, and recent illness; responsibilities of workers and supervisors are also outlined.
Construction site induction
This document provides guidance on conducting a site induction for a construction project. The induction outlines important health and safety information for site personnel, including introductions and contact details for site managers, welfare facilities, first aid and emergency procedures, accident reporting requirements, daily hazards, PPE requirements, and rules regarding housekeeping, handling equipment, and high-risk activities that may require permits. The purpose is to ensure all personnel are aware of safety protocols and have the necessary information to work safely on site.
Civil law and criminal law
Criminal law deals with offenses against society and aims to punish offenders through fines or imprisonment. It has a high burden of proof of "beyond reasonable doubt". Civil law deals with individuals' rights and duties toward each other, and violations of these duties constitute torts. Civil cases have a lower burden of proof of "balance of probabilities" and seek to remedy wrongs through compensation. Common law comprises established customs and precedents set in past court rulings, while statute law consists of legislation passed by Parliament.
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The document contains multiple safety messages and reminders about thinking safety. It emphasizes planning escape routes, wearing protective equipment like ear defenders, reporting faulty equipment, completing risk assessments, using correct lifting techniques, and reporting any potential hazards. It encourages thinking about safety and not overlooking risks that could lead to accidents or loss of life.
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This document discusses electrical safety and provides information on basic electrical principles including electricity, electric current, potential difference, conductors, resistance, and Ohm's law. It also covers safe working practices with electricity such as lock out procedures, personal protective equipment, and portable electrical equipment maintenance. Key risks from electricity like electric shock and electrical fires are explained. The document emphasizes isolating electrical sources, inspecting equipment, and using proper safety procedures to prevent accidents.
Welcome heath safety
This document provides an overview of an organization's health and safety management system. It discusses key components such as risk assessments, identifying hazards, training staff on safety procedures, monitoring safety performance, and continually reviewing and improving the system. The overall goal is to prevent accidents and protect the health of employees through planning, implementing, checking and improving the safety program.
Powered industrial trucks osha std
This document provides an overview of OSHA's powered industrial truck operator training requirements. It defines powered industrial trucks and outlines the scope of OSHA's standard. It describes the reasons for developing new, more specific training requirements including the number of injuries and fatalities caused by powered industrial trucks annually. The document summarizes the key elements of the new training standard including required training topics, refresher training, certification of operators, and an effective training program. It also provides examples of common types of powered industrial trucks.
Forllift safety
The document discusses forklift safety and provides guidance on proper forklift operation. It covers the forklift stability triangle and center of gravity, load capacities, safely lifting and moving loads, personnel safety, travelling on inclines, loading trucks, factors contributing to accidents, and performing a forklift circle check. Maintaining forklift stability and paying attention to load capacities and weights are emphasized as important safety practices.
Fork lifts drive
The document provides safety guidelines for operating a forklift. Key guidelines include: do not operate a forklift under the influence of alcohol or drugs; drive with forks 15 cm from the ground and tilted back; when unloaded drive up or down slopes with forks pointing to the lowest part, when loaded point forks to the highest part; never park on a slope; blow the horn in dangerous places and never allow anyone under a lifted load; drive slowly and avoid hard braking or sudden turns, especially on slopes; never lift a load on a slope or tilt a lifted load forward; and never transport passengers or drive over hoses or power leads.
Working safely with work equipment by donald a mackay
The document summarizes the key regulations for safely using work equipment as outlined in the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998. It defines work equipment and duties of employers, including ensuring equipment is suitable, well-maintained, and that workers receive adequate training. Specific requirements address hazards from dangerous parts of machinery through guards and safety devices. The regulations establish a hierarchy of controls to prevent exposure to risks from work equipment.
03 display screenequiptoolbox1g
This document provides guidelines for proper ergonomics when working at a display screen. Key recommendations include adjusting the chair so the back is supported and arms are horizontal, positioning the screen at arm's length and below eye level, and taking short breaks to exercise every hour. Proper posture and lighting are also emphasized to avoid pain and injuries from prolonged screen use.
13 lone workingtoolbox1g
Lone working presents risks that require planning and precautions. It is defined as working without close supervision, and includes those in fixed workplaces alone, mobile workers, and people working outside normal hours. Risks include tasks requiring more than one person, emergencies where assistance is needed, and potential assaults from clients. However, lone working can also have benefits like fewer distractions. Safety involves assessing the person, location, tasks, tools, and foreseeable problems to ensure all aspects are suitable to do alone. Precautions include telling someone your plans and contact details in case of an emergency.
Breast cancer
The document summarizes findings from a California EPA report on the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and breast cancer risk. The report found that 13 of 14 studies showed elevated breast cancer risks among younger/premenopausal women exposed to secondhand smoke, with a pooled risk estimate of 1.68. Utilizing unexposed referents in studies raised risk estimates. The evidence for breast cancer in younger women was deemed stronger than evidence for lung cancer and secondhand smoke in 1986. The report implications could mean up to 30% of breast cancers in younger women exposed occupationally as waitresses.
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Basics hf +_ergonomics
- 1. Tel: 01492 879813 Mob: 07984 284642 andy.brazier@gmail.com www.andybrazier.co.uk 1 The Basics Human Factors and Ergonomics Andy Brazier 30 minutes
- 2. 2 Ergonomics and Human Factors What are they? Same thing or different? Why are they important?
- 3. 3 Ergonomics The application of scientific information concerning humans to the design of objects, systems and environment for human use. The interaction of technology and people Basic anatomy, physiology and psychology Objective to achieve: The most productive use of human capabilities Maintenance of human health and well-being From the Ergonomics Society website at www.ergonomics.org.uk The job must ‘fit the person’ and should not compromise human capabilities and limitations.
- 4. 4 Physical demands - musculoskeletal disorders Psychological demands - stress Social conditions - job satisfaction Human error - cause of major accidents. Human Factors “Environmental, organisational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics which influence behaviour at work in a way which can affect health and safety” HSG48 Reducing error and influencing behaviour
- 5. 5 Human Factors What are people being asked to do (the task and its characteristics)? Who is doing it (the individual and their competence)? Where are they working (the organisation and its attributes)?
- 6. 6 There is a large overlap Ergonomics Human capabilities Hardware design Work stations User interfaces Working environment Manual handling Personal safety, health and well being Human factors Whole system Organisation Culture Tasks Errors Procedures Training and competence Major hazard
- 7. 7 Why important? Up to 80% of accident causes can be attributed to human factors All major accidents involve a number of human failures Human factors is concerned with Understanding the causes of human failures Preventing human failures.
- 8. 8 Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR, 1992) “Every employer shall make and give effect to such arrangements as are appropriate, having regard to the nature of his activities and the size of his undertaking, for the effective planning, organisation, control, monitoring and review of the preventative and protective measures” (Regulation 4)
- 9. 9 Robens Report, 1972 “Promotion of health and safety at work is an essential function of good management … Good intentions at the board level are useless if managers further down the chain and closer to what happens on the shop floor remain preoccupied exclusively with production problems”
- 10. 10 Industrial Accident Prevention “Underlying accident causes are faults of management and supervision plus the unwise methods and procedures that management and supervision fail to correct…” Heinrich (1931)
- 11. 11 Behavioural safety Tends to be more concerned with Physical activities Personal safety accidents Failures of people at the sharp end The premise is that people are free to choose the actions they make Human factors is based on the principle that people are ‘set up’ to fail Management and organisational root causes.
- 12. 12
Editor's Notes
- The recent Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, published in 1992, also refer to the need to have in place management arrangements for health and safety.
- The recognition of the importance of safety management is not a new concept. For example, the Roben’s Report in 1972 stated that the promotion of health and safety at work is an essential function of good management.