2011 SPE - Electronic logging to improve safetyAndy Brazier
Presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Europe Ltd annual meeting. Using electronic shift logging to improve safety. Joint presentation with Infotechnics
2011 SPE - Electronic logging to improve safetyAndy Brazier
Presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Europe Ltd annual meeting. Using electronic shift logging to improve safety. Joint presentation with Infotechnics
2012 Young Generation Network - Human performance problemsAndy Brazier
Event organised by the IMechE and Nuclear Institute or recent graduates working in the power generation industry.
Human failures and performance problems.
Introduction to the management of control room alarms including guidance from EEMUA 191.
Control Room Operators receive alarms from the systems they use to monitor and control
Alarms should warn about situations that require a prompt response
There are many problems with alarms.
2012 IEHF North West branch - Task risk managementAndy Brazier
Presentation to the North West branch of IEHF. Includes slides presented at the Institutes's annual conference, with additional information about use of a flow loop simulator to test the principles with students.
Troubleshooting chemical plants training - Techniques to Identify and Correct...Marcep Inc.
Aims to develop Conceptual Approach in the participants for Troubleshooting of Chemical Process Industry’s routine problems independently.Marcep Inc. understands that in current economic climate, getting an excellent return on your training investment is critical for all our clients.
Human factors - what role should they play in Responsible CareAdvisian
This presentation examines one facet of Human Behaviour and how attention paid to it enhances the ability of users to achieve and sustain performance excellence in terms of Plant Reliability and Safety
Using Safety to Drive Lean ImplementationPhil La Duke
This presentation was made during the Society of Manufacturing (SME) EASTEC Conference as part of the Lean and Green Symposium. May 19, 2008 by Phil La Duke. For more information on this topic contact Phil La Duke (Pladuke@oe.com) or visit www.safety-impact.com
Root Cause Analysis - methods and best practiceMedgate Inc.
A critical part of any safety management system comes after incidents occur. Effective incident investigation including root cause analysis can provide many answers for your organization regarding why an incident or event has occurred. Even if your safety department excels at completing investigations and undertaking corrective actions, your SMS will not be effective if you fail to identify root causes quickly and accurately.
Safety teams that make Root Cause Analysis central to their day-to-day activities will significantly improve their ability to better the safety of the workplace and ensure that incidents do no reoccur.
In these slides, Medgate Safety expert Shannon Crinklaw discusses Root Cause Analysis, outlining its potential impact, covering different analysis methodologies and outlining best practices.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to http://bit.ly/X518oY where you will learn:
What type of incidents are most common.
Mistakes that organizations should avoid when carrying out root cause analysis.
Different models of root cause analysis, such as Five Why and Cause-and-Effect diagrams.
The long term benefits of root cause analysis efforts.
This is a webinar presented April 14, 2015 by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and featuring noted safety expert Dr. Mark Friend. Dr. Friend looks at the topic, "How to make safety work in your company."
2012 Young Generation Network - Human performance problemsAndy Brazier
Event organised by the IMechE and Nuclear Institute or recent graduates working in the power generation industry.
Human failures and performance problems.
Introduction to the management of control room alarms including guidance from EEMUA 191.
Control Room Operators receive alarms from the systems they use to monitor and control
Alarms should warn about situations that require a prompt response
There are many problems with alarms.
2012 IEHF North West branch - Task risk managementAndy Brazier
Presentation to the North West branch of IEHF. Includes slides presented at the Institutes's annual conference, with additional information about use of a flow loop simulator to test the principles with students.
Troubleshooting chemical plants training - Techniques to Identify and Correct...Marcep Inc.
Aims to develop Conceptual Approach in the participants for Troubleshooting of Chemical Process Industry’s routine problems independently.Marcep Inc. understands that in current economic climate, getting an excellent return on your training investment is critical for all our clients.
Human factors - what role should they play in Responsible CareAdvisian
This presentation examines one facet of Human Behaviour and how attention paid to it enhances the ability of users to achieve and sustain performance excellence in terms of Plant Reliability and Safety
Using Safety to Drive Lean ImplementationPhil La Duke
This presentation was made during the Society of Manufacturing (SME) EASTEC Conference as part of the Lean and Green Symposium. May 19, 2008 by Phil La Duke. For more information on this topic contact Phil La Duke (Pladuke@oe.com) or visit www.safety-impact.com
Root Cause Analysis - methods and best practiceMedgate Inc.
A critical part of any safety management system comes after incidents occur. Effective incident investigation including root cause analysis can provide many answers for your organization regarding why an incident or event has occurred. Even if your safety department excels at completing investigations and undertaking corrective actions, your SMS will not be effective if you fail to identify root causes quickly and accurately.
Safety teams that make Root Cause Analysis central to their day-to-day activities will significantly improve their ability to better the safety of the workplace and ensure that incidents do no reoccur.
In these slides, Medgate Safety expert Shannon Crinklaw discusses Root Cause Analysis, outlining its potential impact, covering different analysis methodologies and outlining best practices.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to http://bit.ly/X518oY where you will learn:
What type of incidents are most common.
Mistakes that organizations should avoid when carrying out root cause analysis.
Different models of root cause analysis, such as Five Why and Cause-and-Effect diagrams.
The long term benefits of root cause analysis efforts.
This is a webinar presented April 14, 2015 by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and featuring noted safety expert Dr. Mark Friend. Dr. Friend looks at the topic, "How to make safety work in your company."
Train the Trainer: Tips for Enhancing Employee Learning (Presented at HighEdW...Katie Santo
Let’s be honest: no one truly enjoys sitting through an hour or more of training that is required as part of their job. This is especially the case when said topic is less than exciting or ever so slightly technical in nature. “Come sit for an hour to learn a web content management system so I can update the university website? Well, that sounds super fun and at the top of my to-do list!” Said no one, ever. When it’s your job to facilitate training, it can be discouraging to know that your participants may not be as engaged in the topic at hand as you are. In this presentation, we’ll cover three things that you as a training facilitator can do to enhance the learning experience of your participants, so they walk away not only having learned the required material, but actually having enjoyed their time with you.
Regards, Mr. SYED HAIDER ABBAS
MOB. +92-300-2893683 MBA in progress,NEBOSH IGC, IOSH, HSRLI, NBCS,GI,FST,FOHSW,ISO 9001, 14001,
'BS OHSAS 18001, SAI 8000, Qualified .
Explaination of More Personal Safety program designed and delivered by Safety Culture Initiative for public use and filling gap of human resources risk management at nation state and company level.
First phase of MPS program is action "From Zero To Hero" delivered during Cybersecurity October to Poland and other countries in Polish and English language.
Human factors, particularly human error, impacts how everyone works. Understanding how human factors affects productivity, quality, profitability, and prosperity in a global market. In the fourth industrial revolution, which is occurring now, it's very important to understand not only the work but how the works gets done. Using technology and innovations can help improve speed and reliability but humans are the driver for safety culture and behavior. Engineering, administrative controls and the use of personal protective clothing and equipment can help protect workers but understanding and doing the correctly each and every time will lead toward sustainable objectives and reduce waste and maximize time toward product/service output. Where emphasis is placed within the organization depends on the risk governance and strategic management objectives. The higher the risk the greater the reward or catastrophic loss. Understanding people and how they work is the safety catalyst in maximizing profits, productivity and quality.
Copy of the presentation provided by Good to Go Safety at the IOSH Conference 2010, looking at the history and importance of checklists in the workplace.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
2006 IChemE Manchester Branch - Human factors & risk management
1. Tel: 01492 879813 Mob: 07984 284642
andy.brazier@gmail.com
www.andybrazier.co.uk
1
Human Factors & Risk Management
Andy Brazier
2. 2
Introduction – about me
Chemical engineer
Human factors consultant for 10 years – oil,
chemical, gas industry – COMAH sites
Self-employed since January 2005
Recent clients include Shell, Corus, Lucite,
Novartis, Jacobs, Centrica, CapitalOne, DTi
Health & Safety Executive projects
Supervision
COMAH evaluation
Control rooms.
3. 3
Purpose of the presentation
Give you an appreciation of human factors
What is it?
Why is it important?
How can you apply it to controlling major hazards?
Human factors in design
Expectations of the Health and Safety Executive
Overview of a two-day course
Human factors in COMAH.
4. 4
Human Factors and Ergonomics
What are they?
Same thing or different?
Why are they important?
5. 5
Ergonomics
From the Ergonomics Society website at
www.ergonomics.org.uk
The job must ‘fit the person’ and should not
compromise human capabilities and limitations.
The application of scientific information
concerning humans to the design of objects,
systems and environment for human use.
The interaction of technology and people
Basic anatomy, physiology and psychology
Objective to achieve:
The most productive use of human capabilities
Maintenance of human health and well-being
6. 6
Physical demands - musculoskeletal disorders
Psychological demands - stress
Social conditions - job satisfaction
Human error - cause of major accidents.
Human Factors
“Environmental, organisational and job factors,
and human and individual characteristics which
influence behaviour at work in a way which can
affect health and safety”
HSG48 Reducing error and
influencing behaviour
7. 7
Human Factors
What are people being
asked to do
(the task and its
characteristics)?
Who is doing it (the
individual and their
competence)?
Where are they working
(the organisation and its
attributes)?
8. 8
There is a large overlap
Ergonomics
Human capabilities
Hardware design
Work stations
User interfaces
Working environment
Manual handling
Personal safety, health
and well being
Human factors
Whole system
Organisation
Culture
Tasks
Errors
Procedures
Training and competence
Major hazard
9. 9
Behavioural safety
Tends to be more concerned with
Physical activities
Personal safety accidents
Failures of people at the sharp end
The premise is that people are free to choose
the actions they make
Human factors is based on the principle that
people are ‘set up’ to fail
Management and organisational root causes.
10. 10
Major accidents
Texaco - Pembroke Herald of Free Enterprise Chernobyl
Clapham Junction Esso - Longford Fixborough
11. 11
Why is human factors important?
Up to 80% of accident causes can be attributed
to human factors
All major accidents involve a number of human
failures
Human factors is concerned with
Understanding the causes of human failures
Preventing human failures
“Underlying accident causes are faults of
management and supervision plus the unwise
methods and procedures that management and
supervision fail to correct…” (Heinrich 1931).
12. 12
Causes of human failures
Job factors
Illogical design of equipment
Disturbances and interruptions
Missing or unclear instructions
Poorly maintained equipment
High workload
Noisy and unpleasant working conditions
13. 13
Cause of human failure (continued)
Individual factors
Low skill and competence levels
Tired staff
Bored or disheartened staff
Individual medical problems
Organisational and management factors
Poor work planning, leading to high work pressure
Lack of safety systems and barriers
Inadequate responses to previous incidents
Management based on one-way communications
Poor health and safety culture
15. 15
• 1 way to undo
• 40,0000 ways to
reassemble
Procedure Use
Not something people like to do!
Depends on
Task experience
Task complexity
(Perception of) task criticality
Closely related to competency
Cannot write a procedure for every task
Job aids can be very useful
16. 16
Training and competence
They are not the same thing!
Requirements must be specific – define the skill,
knowledge and/or understanding to be achieved
Must reflect how tasks are performed (based on
written procedure)
Must be evaluated
Competence can degrade.
17. 17
Human factors in design
Human factors considered throughout design
Integral not separate activity
Requires human factors expertise
Based on end user requirements
Involved throughout
User trials
Analyses
Task analysis
Information needs analysis
Communication link analysis
Workload assessment.
18. 18
Critical tasks
Operating:
Start up and shut down
Bulk loading and unloading
Complex manifolds and line ups
Continuing to operate whilst some elements are inoperable
Responding to emergencies.
Maintenance
Work on live systems
Intrusive work
Reassembly of items critical to pressure envelope
Resetting of safety critical elements.
19. 19
Man against the machine
Humans are better at
Detecting small visual or
acoustic signals
Perceiving patterns
Improvising
Being flexible in approach
Exercising judgement
Machines are better at
Responding quickly to
control signals
Applying force smoothly
and precisely
Performing repetitive tasks
Handling highly complex
situations
Not possible to engineer-out human involvement
Automation usually reduces the day-to-day human
involvement
Reliance on error free maintenance, testing etc.
20. 20
Control Room Design
Give adequate consideration to human factors for normal and
abnormal conditions
Number of people (more & less than ‘normal’)
Man-machine interface is a combination of displays, alarms
and input devices
Should be designed on a full task analysis
Should map activities to controls
Recognise potential under & over load of operators
Feedback that actions have been successful
Opportunity to correct errors
Inform of deviations from safe operating levels
Frequency, proximity and importance.
21. 21
Alarms - EEMUA Guide
Long term average alarm rate – no more than
one every 10 minutes
No more than 10 alarms in the first 10 minutes
of a major plant upset
Prioritise
High – 5%
Medium – 15%
Low – 80%.
22. 22
Health and Safety Executive
Human factors is being seen as a high priority
www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors
Specialist team within HID
Inspection, investigation, expert witness, advice,
guidance and research
Provide specialist support
Training field inspectors
Aim – ‘To drive continuous improvement in the
management of human performance in the
control of major accident hazards.’
23. 23
HSE’s concern with current approaches
Overoptimistic assumption of what people will do
Intervene “heroically”
Always follow procedures
Well trained, highly motivated & always present
Will take immediate, appropriate action
Too much emphasis on personal safety rather than how
errors can cause major accidents
Focus on technician errors - managers, designers etc.
don’t make errors!
Failure to deal with human factors with same rigor as
for process and engineering issues
24. 24
HSE’s Top Ten Human Factors
Organisational change
Staffing levels and workload
Training and competence
Alarm Handling
Fatigue from shiftwork & overtime
Integrating human factors into risk assessment
and investigation
Communication/interfaces
Organisational culture
Human factors in design
Maintenance error
25. 25
What the HSE is looking for
Knowledge
Understanding
Application
Do you know what human factors is?
Do you understand human factors?
Do you know your limitations?
Do you have the available guidance?
Do you have access to competent help?
Is there a ‘competent person’ on site?
Is there evidence of human factors in
your systems?
Do you monitor and review?
26. 26
Have enforced because of
Organisational change
Hours of work
Workload and staffing
Competence assurance
Human factors risk assessment for batch
process
No appeals on noticed issued to date
27. 27
Specific requirements
Task analysis
Competence assurance program
Ergonomic standards
Procedures
Interface design
Staffing level assessment
Fatigue assessment and management
Design and procurement procedures
Shift handover.
28. 28
Task Analysis
Separator tasks
Start up unit
Start/stop individual pumps
Open/close wells
Water wash separator
Respond to unit trip
High
Low
Medium
Medium
High
Criticality
Offshore Technology Report OTO 1999 092
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/otopdf/1999/oto99092.pdf
29. 29
Hierarchical Task Analysis
Water wash
production separator
2.1 Put
override on
2.2 Start wash
water pump
2.3 Open wash
water inlet valve
2.4 Put flow control
valve on manual
2.5 Open flow CV
to maximum
SS CRFO CRFO
1. Line-up water
to separator
2. Start
washing
3. Monitor water
outlet for oil
4. Return
to normal
Plan: Do 1 then 2
Do 3 until water is clear
Then do 4
30. 30
Staffing Arrangements Assessment
Not calculate minimum or optimum number of staff
Enough people to detect, diagnose and respond to potential or actual emergency situations
More people not always the solution
Staffing arrangements + technology
YES
YES NO
NO
Physical assessment
decision trees
Individual/organisational
ladder assessment
Energy Institute User Guide ww.energyinst.org.uk/humanfactors/staffing
31. 31
HSE RR 292/2004 www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr293.htm
Supervision
Management function
Performed by one or more people, within and/or
external to the team
Has been overlooked in recent years
Many control room operators perform supervisory
activities.
Rotating
leadership
Coach /
mentor
Team
appointed
leader
Management
appointed
leader
Traditional
hierarchy
True SMT
Supervision is
team led
Supervision is
management led
32. 32
ALARP
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
Presumption is that you will implement ‘good
practice’ risk reduction measures
Need to demonstrate sacrifice is grossly
disproportionate to the benefit
Risk reduction would be minimal
Would lead to greater risk else-where
Holistic approach
Risk of the whole facility.
33. 33
Demonstrating ALARP
Answer these two questions
What more could be done?
Why have we not done it?
For example, could you:
automate more? – Ironies of automation
have more automatic protection? – Over-reliance
have more procedures? – Usability concerns
do more training? – Only (small) part of competence
employ more people? - ???
35. 35
Benefits of Addressing Human Factors
Integration during design 1
Improved safety = less accidents
Improved working conditions = less health problems
More efficient operation and maintenance
Less down time
In some cases lower CAPEX
Less than 1% of engineering costs 2
1 - MW Kellogs - Presented at Petroleum Institute 2001
2 - Shell - Presented at Houston 2002
36. 36
Risk Reduction Strategy
Always look to remove or reduce hazard first
Specify hardware controls – but ensure does not
affect operability
Procedural controls and rules – must be practical
and realistic under all conditions
PPE and mitigation are secondary, in addition to
the above
37. 37
A changing world
New technology
More automation
Less people
More remote
Different team structures
Evolving jobs
More passive
More lonely
More responsibility.
38. 38
“An airline would not make the mistake of
measuring air safety by looking at the
number of routine injuries occurring to it staff”
A. Hopkins - Lessons from Longford
There are obvious economic arguments to managing safety - this slide illustrates some of the costs of high-profile accidents. But as I said before, failures of management systems can influence not just major accidents like these, but near-misses and less significant incidents. If you manage the factors that control small incidents then there is a very good chance that you will not have major incidents like these.