This document provides guidance on interpreting chest x-rays. It discusses evaluating patient demographics and technical quality factors like orientation, penetration, and projection. It describes how to assess for adequate versus over/under exposure. It also reviews anatomical landmarks like the heart, lungs, diaphragm, and bones as well as differentiating between views like AP, PA, and lateral. Clinical interpretation involves examining tissues, structures, and ratios to evaluate for abnormalities.
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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2. Before reading a chest X-ray
• Demographics data
– Check the patient name
– Age
– Patient identification number
– Check the date on which the chest X-ray was taken
11. How to differentiate AP and PA view
PA AP
• Medial end of clavicle
overlies posterior end of 4th
rib. – Horizontal
• Medial border of scapula –
Out of lung field
• Vertebral bodies – Inverted
V shape
• Heart – well defined
borders
• Clavicles are projected
above the ribs. – Oblique
• Scapula overlies the lung
field
• Vertebral bodies –
Rectangle shape
• Heart – Enlarged and ill
defined borders
21. • Different tissues in our body absorb X-rays at
different extents:
– Bone- high absorption (white)
– Soft tissue - somewhere in the middle absorption
(grey)
– Fat – (Dark grey)
– Air- low absorption (black)
22. • Look at the Bones
• Soft tissue
• Look at any artifacts
• Look at the costophrenic and cardiophrenic
angles
• Look at the diaphragms
• Look at the borders of lung field
23. • Mediastinum
– Look at the trachea
– Look at the heart borders
• Look at the hilum
• Look at the lung fields (lung parenchyma )
