This document contains lecture notes on operational amplifiers (op-amps). It discusses feedback in op-amps and how it determines whether the op-amp acts as an amplifier or oscillator. It also defines what an op-amp is, describes common op-amp models like the μA741, and discusses the internal structure of op-amps. Finally, it outlines several applications of op-amps including inverting amplifiers, non-inverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, summing amplifiers, integrators, differentiators, logarithmic/anti-logarithmic amplifiers, analog computers, active rectifiers, and current sources.

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Basic
Electronics
Lecture #9
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Operational Amplifier Ch.9
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2. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
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Operational Amplifier Ch.9
WHAT IS OP-AM?
(–) inverting input
(+) non-inverting input

3. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
GENERAL PURPOSE OP-AM
μA741 Operational Amplifier
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol Parameter UA741M UA741I UA741C Unit
VCC Supply voltage ±22 V
Vid Differential Input Voltage ±30 V
Vi Input Voltage ±15 V
Ptot Power Dissipation
P Di i ti 500 mWW
Toper Operating Free-air -55 to -40 to 0 to +70 °C
Temperature Range +125 +105
Tstg Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
INTERNAL STRUCTURE

4. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
OP-AM AS A DISCRIMINATOR
Pulse Width Modulator
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
OP-AM AS A DISCRIMINATOR
VIN
VREF _
Y7
R +
_
Y6
R +
_
Y5
R +
_
Y4
R + Bargraph Audio Level Indicator
_
Y3
R +
_
Y2
R +
_
Y1
R +

5. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
INVERTING AMPLIFIER
By 2nd Rule:
d  V IN  0V ; V B  0V  V A  0V
VIN  VOUT
By 1st Rule: I I
R1 R2
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER
By 2nd Rule:

6. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
SUMMING (MIXING) AMPLIFIER
Average Value

7. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
INTEGRATOR
Integrating Amplifier Summing Integrator
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
DIFFERENTIATOR
Summing Differentiator
Defferential Differentiator

8. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
LOGARITHMIC & ANTI-LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
OP-AM AS ANALOG COMPUTER

9. Operational Amplifier Ch.9
ACTIVE RECTIFIERS
Operational Amplifier Ch.9
OP-AM CURRENT SOURCE

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