The document discusses operational amplifiers (op-amps). It defines an op-amp as a high-gain direct coupled amplifier consisting of differential and other stages. Common op-amp IC models and their specifications are listed. Op-amps can be used in inverting, non-inverting and differential configurations in open and closed loop modes. Applications include mathematical, logical and signal processing functions. Advantages are simplicity, low parts count and cost, while limitations include low efficiency and inability to handle high power. In conclusion, op-amps developed in 1968 continue to be widely used in integrators, followers and comparators, making many electronic circuits possible.

1. And
Applications
DEBOJYOTI ADHIKARI
ETCE ,3RD YEAR
ROLL NO-28
OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIER

2. INTRODUCTION:
LDR SENSOR SOUND SENSOR AC CURRENT SENSOR

3. What is Operational Amplifier (Op-amp)?
Karl D. Swartzel Jr.
A direct coupled high gain amplifier
consisting of one or more differential
amplifier and followed by a level
translator and an output stage.
OP – AMP
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
1967 Karl D. Swartzel Jr.
introduces op-amp that was to
become the industry standard. Op-amp
had their origins in analog computer.

4. INVERTING
INPUT
NON-
INVERTING
INPUT
INPUT STAGE
INTERMEDIATE
STAGE
LEVEL SHIFTING
STAGE
OUTPUT
STAGE OUTPUT
Internal block of Operational Amplifier

5. It is Dual Line in Package IC(DIP).There are total 8 pins in this IC. DIP is the most
common package form. It consists of an array of transistors , resistors and capacitor on
a single silicon chip.
Non-inverting
inverting

6. SL NO MODEL NO SPECIFICATION MANUFACTURER COST(APPROX.)
COST IN RUPEES ₹
PRODUCT VIEW
01 LM386 8 PIN,DIP,LO W
VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER
TEXAS
INSTRUMENT
26
02 LM741 8 PIN,CDIP,
COMPARATOR,
AMPLIFIER
NATIONAL
INSTRUMENT
15
03 LM358 PDIP, 8 PIN, LOGIC
CONTROLLER
TEXAS
INSTRUMENT
20
04 LM324 14 PIN, PDIP TEXAS
INSTRUMENT
29
05 OP07 8 PIN PDIP,NOISE
CKT,AMPLIFIER
ANALOG
DEVICES
18
LIST OF OP-AMP IC:
Various types of Op-amp IC are available in the market.
Following op-amp IC are most common:-

7. SL NO CHARACTERISTICS IDEAL OP-AMP PRACTICAL OP-AMP
01 Input impedance High
02 Output impedance 0 Low
03 Open loop gain 103 – 106
04 Slew rate Finite
05 Bandwidth Finite
06 CMRR (COMMON MODE
REJECTION RATIO)
Finite
CHARACTERISICS OF OP-AMP:

8. CONFIGURATION OF OP-AMP
It has mainly two types of Configuration.
1. Open loop Configuration
i. Inverting Mode
ii. Non-inverting Mode
iii. Differential Mode
Differential OP-AMP

9. i. Inverting Mode
ii. Non-inverting Mode
iii. Differential Mode
Non-inverting OP-AMP Inverting OP-AMP
CLOSE LOOP CONFIGURATION:

10. MATHEMATICAL
OPERATION
(ADDER,
SUBTRACTOR
ETC.)
LOGICAL
OPERATION
(COMPARATOR) AMPLIFIER
WAVEFORM
GENERATOR(SIGNAL
PROCESSING AND
CONDITIONING)
FUNCTIONAL
OPERATION(CLIPPER
, CLAMPER ETC.)
APPLICATION OF OP-AMP

11. VOLTAGE FOLLOWER INTEGRATOR COMPARATOR
FEW USES OF OP-AMP:
USE IN 555 TIMER IC

12. OP-AMP AS AN ACTIVE FILTER:
An active filter is a type of analog circuit implementing an electronic filter using
active components, typically an amplifier.
It is mainly classified into four types depend on their band of frequencies.:
1.Active LPF 2.Active HPF 3.Active BPF 4.Active BSF

13. ADVANTAGES OF OP-AMP:
1. Simplicity of design.
2. Lower parts Count.
3. Low noise.
4. Low cost.
 LIMITATION OF OP-AMP:
1. Low efficiency.
2. Can’t process high power signal.

14. CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
• Operational amplifier have been discovered long early age of 1968 .After
a long journey of all most half a century operational amplifier still
proving worthy today. Examples integrator,voltage follower,comparator etc
So from that point of view we can imagine how important the
development of op-amp was. Without this operational amplifier a large
portion electronic circuitry can not be possible.

15. THANK YOU
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