Basic Cutting tool -hacksaw.pdf
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This document discusses the basic workshop tool called a hacksaw. It describes the main parts of a hacksaw which are the frame and blade. There are three types of hacksaw frames: solid, adjustable, and deep cutting. The document outlines the characteristics of hacksaw blades including the materials they are made from as well as specifications about length, width, thickness, and pitch. Finally, it covers the settings of hacksaw teeth which can be staggered or in a wave form.
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The document discusses different types of steel sections used in structural steelwork, including hot-rolled steel beams, columns, tees, channels, and angles. It provides details on the production process for universal beams and columns, which are produced in standard sizes. The document also describes the differences between hot-rolled steel and cold-rolled steel. Hot-rolled steel is produced at temperatures above the metal's recrystallization point, while cold-rolled steel is produced at lower temperatures, below the recrystallization point. Cold-rolled steel has a smoother appearance and more accurate dimensions than hot-rolled steel.
Steeel
This document discusses different types of steel based on carbon content and their uses in construction. It describes mild steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel. Mild steel is soft and malleable, used for sheets. Medium carbon steel is very soft and ductile, used for wires. High carbon steel is very hard and brittle, used for tools. Steel is stronger than wrought iron or cast iron and suitable for all construction works. Common steel shapes used in construction include angles, channels, I-sections, T-sections, round bars, square bars, corrugated sheets, expanded metal, flat bars and plates. Reinforcing bars can be plain or ribbed-tor steel bars.
Materials
This document provides information on different types of metals, their properties, and common shapes and uses. It discusses ferrous and non-ferrous metals, with examples like steel, aluminum, and copper. Key metal properties are defined, such as strength, durability, ductility, and hardness. Common metal shapes include solid sections like rod and tube, as well as flat bar, angle, channel, I-beams, sheet metal, and wire. Uses for different metals and shapes are also outlined, such as making bikes, frames, buildings, and musical instruments.
sheet metal shop.pptx
The document discusses tools and equipment used in a sheet metal shop. It describes various hand tools for measuring, marking, cutting, and striking sheet metal. These include rules, squares, calipers, scribes, snips, chisels, and hammers. Bench tools like the straight edge and stakes are also discussed. Machine tools covered are the shearing machine and fly press. Common sheet metal operations like marking, cutting, bending, and joining are summarized.
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Basic Cutting tool -hacksaw.pdf
- 1. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM BASIC WORKSHOP TOOLS
- 2. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM HACKSAW • Hacksaw is a cutting tool used to cut sheets, pipes and various types of metals. • The process of cutting metal using hacksaw is known as hacksawing. • Cutting action takes place only in forward stroke. Main Parts of hacksaw • The main parts of hacksaw are - Frame and Blade. 1. Hacksaw Frame o Hacksaw frame is made of mild steel strip and conduit pipe.
- 3. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM o It is a U shaped metallic solid or tubular frame. o There is a wing nut for tightening the blade. Hacksaw frames are of three types (i) Solid Hacksaw Frame (ii) Adjustable Hacksaw Frame (iii) Deep Cutting Hacksaw Frame I. Solid Hacksaw Frame – • It is made by bending mild steel strip at right angle. • Only a blade of a particular standard length can be fitted to this frame. II. Adjustable Hacksaw Frame – • This frame has two parts. The pins placed on them are used to increase or decrease the length of the frame. • Different sized blades like 250 mm or 300 mm are fitted in it.
- 4. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM • Types of adjustable hacksaw frame o Flat type: -Only a blade of a different standard length can be fitted to this frame o Tubular type: o It is most commonly used type. o It gives better grip and control while sawing. III. Deep Cutting Hacksaw Frame - This frame is shaped like a 'U' alphabet. • it is used for deep cutting of the jobs.
- 5. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM 2. Hacksaw Blade • Hacksaw blade is generally made of high carbon steel (HCS), high-speed steel (HSS) or low alloy steel. It is hardened and tampered. • HCS used for general cutting and HSS for tough resistant material • The selection of the blade depends on the shape and hardness of the material to be cut.
- 6. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM Parts of a hacksaw blade • Back edge • Side • Center line • Pin holes Specifications of Hacksaw Blade • Type- Hard or Flexible • Standard Length – 250 or 300 mm • Width – 13 to 16 mm • Thickness – 0.60 to 0.80 mm
- 7. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM • Pitch (Gap of teeth) - 0.8 to 1.8 mm The size of the blade is considered from the center of one hole to another. Types of hacksaw blades I. All hard blade • Entire length between the pin hole is hardened • It is used for harder materials such as HCS, die steel and tool steel II. Flexible blade • Only the teeth portion is hardened. • Because of flexibility these blades are useful for cutting along the curved lines. • Flexible blade should be thinner than harder blade.
- 8. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM PITCH OF HACKSAW BLADE • It is the distance between two adjacent teeth Classification Pitch Use Fine 0.8 mm Thin tubes Sheet metal Conduit tubes Medium 1 mm Angle iron Brass tubes Copper Iron pipe 1.4 mm Tool steel High carbon steel High speed steel Coarse 1.8 mm Bronze Brass Soft steel Cast iron Heavy angle iron
- 9. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM SETTING OF HACKSAW TEETH • Free movement of the blade is achieved by the setting of the hacksaw teeth. • It prevents the binding of blade when penetrating into the material. There are two types of hacksaw teeth settings, I. Staggered set - Alternate teeth or group of teeth are staggered - This arrangement helps in free cutting & provide good chip clearance.
- 10. Basic workshop tools MECH LAB User | VRSOORAJPILLAI@GMAIL.COM II. Wave set - Blades are arranged in wave form. Type of set Pitch Wave set 0.8 mm Wave or staggered 1 mm Staggered Over 1 mm