Public relations is often confused with advertising, propaganda, and publicity, but it involves using these tools to achieve organizational objectives. Some key concepts and tools of public relations include:
1) Identifying internal and external publics that are important stakeholders, such as employees, shareholders, local communities, suppliers, consumers, and the mass media.
2) Using press agentry to get favorable media coverage through publicity stunts or planted stories.
3) Employing advertising to directly promote products and services to consumers.
4) Leveraging propaganda to influence and manipulate public opinion.
5) Obtaining free publicity coverage through the media to promote an organization, product, or idea.
This document discusses the functions and types of advertisements. It begins by outlining the main functions of advertisements as identifying brands, providing information, persuading customers, previewing new trends, increasing demand, expanding customer bases, and influencing pricing. It then describes the main types of advertisements as print (newspaper, magazine, directory, outdoor, transit), media (television, radio, online, direct mail, mobile), territory (retail, local, national, international), and purpose (covert, brand, non-product, service, celebrities, surrogate, persuasive, competition, public service). Finally, it provides examples and further details about specific types of advertisements like newspaper, magazine, billboard, television, radio, online
This document discusses different types of advertising including retail advertising, national advertising, cooperative advertising, and political advertising. It provides details on the objectives, methods, and considerations for each type. Retail advertising promotes specific stores and products to local customers. National advertising uses mass media to market branded products to broad audiences. Cooperative advertising involves brand manufacturers collaborating with retailers to share advertisement costs. Political advertising is used by candidates to promote their messages and ideals to voters.
This document discusses the role and importance of advertising. It defines advertising and outlines its key features and objectives, which include communicating information about products and services, promoting sales, and introducing new products. The document also examines the importance of advertising for businesses and society, how it contributes to economic growth, and its role within an organization's marketing mix. In conclusion, it states that advertising is essential for promoting sales, creating goodwill for companies, and educating consumers.
This document defines and discusses public relations and publicity. It begins by defining public relations as the process of evaluating public attitudes, aligning organizational policies with public interests, and executing communication programs to earn understanding and acceptance. The document then outlines the typical process of public relations, including determining public attitudes, establishing a PR plan, developing and executing communication programs, and implementing PR tools like press releases and community involvement. It notes advantages like credibility and cost-effectiveness, as well as disadvantages like lack of control over messaging. Finally, the document defines publicity as generated news coverage and discusses its advantages of credibility and word-of-mouth, but also the disadvantages of lack of control over timing and accuracy.
10 Differences Between Advertising and Public RelationsJett Baynes
If you're searching for a career or trying to promote your company, you may have questions about advertising vs. public relations. These two industries are very different even though they're commonly confused as being one and the same. The following ten properties just scratch the surface of the many differences between advertising and public relations.
The document discusses different types of advertisements:
1) Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and flyers. It provides more detailed information.
2) Outdoor advertising uses billboards and signage to grab attention of passersby.
3) Broadcast advertising includes television, radio, and internet ads. Television ads are popular but costly depending on air time and channel popularity.
This slideshow explains how Advertisement Business is related to Ethics and what are the government regulations for ethical practices in Advertisement industry in India. Also, it highlights Nestle case to understand the topic better
This document discusses the functions and types of advertisements. It begins by outlining the main functions of advertisements as identifying brands, providing information, persuading customers, previewing new trends, increasing demand, expanding customer bases, and influencing pricing. It then describes the main types of advertisements as print (newspaper, magazine, directory, outdoor, transit), media (television, radio, online, direct mail, mobile), territory (retail, local, national, international), and purpose (covert, brand, non-product, service, celebrities, surrogate, persuasive, competition, public service). Finally, it provides examples and further details about specific types of advertisements like newspaper, magazine, billboard, television, radio, online
This document discusses different types of advertising including retail advertising, national advertising, cooperative advertising, and political advertising. It provides details on the objectives, methods, and considerations for each type. Retail advertising promotes specific stores and products to local customers. National advertising uses mass media to market branded products to broad audiences. Cooperative advertising involves brand manufacturers collaborating with retailers to share advertisement costs. Political advertising is used by candidates to promote their messages and ideals to voters.
This document discusses the role and importance of advertising. It defines advertising and outlines its key features and objectives, which include communicating information about products and services, promoting sales, and introducing new products. The document also examines the importance of advertising for businesses and society, how it contributes to economic growth, and its role within an organization's marketing mix. In conclusion, it states that advertising is essential for promoting sales, creating goodwill for companies, and educating consumers.
This document defines and discusses public relations and publicity. It begins by defining public relations as the process of evaluating public attitudes, aligning organizational policies with public interests, and executing communication programs to earn understanding and acceptance. The document then outlines the typical process of public relations, including determining public attitudes, establishing a PR plan, developing and executing communication programs, and implementing PR tools like press releases and community involvement. It notes advantages like credibility and cost-effectiveness, as well as disadvantages like lack of control over messaging. Finally, the document defines publicity as generated news coverage and discusses its advantages of credibility and word-of-mouth, but also the disadvantages of lack of control over timing and accuracy.
10 Differences Between Advertising and Public RelationsJett Baynes
If you're searching for a career or trying to promote your company, you may have questions about advertising vs. public relations. These two industries are very different even though they're commonly confused as being one and the same. The following ten properties just scratch the surface of the many differences between advertising and public relations.
The document discusses different types of advertisements:
1) Print advertising includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and flyers. It provides more detailed information.
2) Outdoor advertising uses billboards and signage to grab attention of passersby.
3) Broadcast advertising includes television, radio, and internet ads. Television ads are popular but costly depending on air time and channel popularity.
This slideshow explains how Advertisement Business is related to Ethics and what are the government regulations for ethical practices in Advertisement industry in India. Also, it highlights Nestle case to understand the topic better
Media planning involves selecting the best media channels and strategies to deliver messages to target audiences. Key aspects of media planning include setting objectives, choosing appropriate media classes and vehicles, and determining scheduling and frequency to optimize coverage and costs. Various media like television, radio, print, outdoor and digital each have their own advantages and disadvantages for advertisers to consider.
Exhibitions as a tool of public relationsFida Hussain
The document discusses exhibitions and the role of public relations practitioners in obtaining positive media coverage from exhibitions. It provides tips for PR practitioners, which include meeting with media in advance, having speaking opportunities at the exhibition, and having materials ready for post-exhibition coverage. The goal of PR efforts regarding exhibitions is to build the image of the organization and inform potential clients through positive media coverage before, during, and after exhibitions.
This document defines advertising and its purpose. Advertising is a paid form of mass communication designed to persuade potential customers about a product, service, or idea. It aims to promote sales or influence attitudes. The document provides 24 definitions of advertising from various sources and discusses how advertising creates demand, introduces new products, and lowers prices through mass production. Examples of advertising media include newspapers, radio, magazines, television, and other outlets. In conclusion, the goal of advertising is to present a non-personal message from an identified sponsor to promote ideas, products or services.
The document defines public relations as the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. It discusses how public relations involves cultivating favorable relations through various communication channels to build a positive image. The document also provides 18 different definitions of public relations from various sources, emphasizing how it is a strategic communication function aimed at managing reputation and gaining public understanding and acceptance.
Internal PR involves managing communication within an organization between employees and management. It is important for effective external PR, as internal buy-in and cooperation are needed. Tips for internal PR include establishing clear roles and responsibilities, praising employees, and giving feedback. External PR manages communication between an organization and outside audiences like the media and customers. Both internal and external PR teams work together on strategies and messaging while focusing on different stakeholder groups. Effective communication internally and externally is vital for an organization's success.
Public Relation is the practice of preaching the organization's message in public. Sometimes PR professionals face ethical problem in the path of influencing value, belief, opinion and behaviour of the public. This is a guideline for the ethical practice of Public relations.
Functions of advertising and Objectives of advertising Rajlaxmi Bhosale
Social Functions,Psychological Functions,Economic Functions.INFORMING
PERSUADING
REMINDING
ADDING VALUE
Distinguish from the competitors
Product expansion-brand extension
Encourage loyalty
Reduce cost
HELP IN BRANDING
Previewing New Trends Previews, Create Demand,PRICING
The document discusses the different types of publics that organizations must consider in public relations. It defines key publics like stakeholders, traditional vs nontraditional, primary vs secondary, internal vs external, and intervening publics. It emphasizes understanding each public's ability to influence goals, interests, decision makers, demographics, and opinions of the organization. Specific publics covered include employees, news media, government, investors, communities, consumers, voters, and businesses.
The document discusses advertising from social, economic, and ethical perspectives. It covers topics like the impact of advertising on society and culture, effects on consumer choice and competition, and regulatory aspects. The presentation is intended solely for classroom teaching purposes and any use without permission is prohibited. Illustrations are also subject to copyright restrictions.
This document is a presentation on the scope and functions of public relations. It defines public relations as managing the flow of information between an organization and the public. The scope of public relations is wide, including political fields and helping businesses, entrepreneurs, teachers, political leaders, and social workers. The functions of public relations outlined in the presentation include investor relations, internal relations, media relations, government relations, and community relations. The goal of public relations is to manage stakeholders' perceptions and build goodwill between organizations and the communities they operate in.
Satisfied Customer who will spread the word of mouth are your most powerful assets and this positive aura about your brand is created by effective public relations program that result in good publicity. learn the insights of this very effective tool of marketing communication.
The ASCI is a self-regulatory organization established in 1985 to ensure advertising in India is truthful, harmless and honest. It receives around 150 complaints annually which are reviewed by the Consumer Complaints Council. The CCC is composed of industry and public representatives and examines complaints to determine if ads violate ASCI guidelines. Several case studies are presented where the CCC ruled in favor of both complainants and advertisers. Self-regulation is advocated to avoid more stringent government oversight of advertising.
Creativity running in the blood, filled with unpredictable structures as a flat organization, advertising agency are the incubators behind viral successful campaigns. In-house Agency or Outdoor Agency , learn the variations and key operating procedures in an Advertising Agency.
Advertising as a Means of CommunicationIshan Parekh
This document discusses different types of advertising such as print, outdoor, broadcast, covert, surrogate, public service, product, classified, and corporate advertising. It also discusses the objectives of advertising like increasing sales and brand awareness. Additionally, it covers advertising techniques and models like the AIDA model. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of creativity in advertising.
This document discusses client-agency relationships in advertising. It defines a client-agency relationship as one between an advertiser and advertising agency that requires trust and collaboration to be effective. The document outlines factors that contribute to effective relationships, such as agencies not advertising for competitors and clients paying bills promptly. It also describes the advertising process, key agency departments like account services and creative, and sources of agency income. Overall, the document provides an overview of important aspects of client-agency relationships in advertising.
Learn more about the key ethical considerations faced by practitioners of public relations. Also, this lecture explores the Code of Ethics by the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA).
The document discusses the definition and purposes of advertising. Advertising is defined as any paid, non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, and services by an identified sponsor. Some key purposes of advertising include introducing new products, supporting personal selling, reaching broader audiences, entering new markets, increasing competition, enhancing goodwill, improving dealer relations, and warning against imitations. The document also lists various advertising media like newspapers, magazines, billboards, television, radio, and the internet.
The document discusses various types and techniques of advertising. It notes that advertising communicates information about goods and services to consumers in an attractive and appealing way. However, it also discusses some of the problems with contemporary advertising, including deceptive pricing, social prejudices like favoring fair skin, using surrogate ads to circumvent alcohol advertising laws, exploiting children, stereotyping and objectifying women, and threatening consumer privacy. The document advocates for honest advertising representations that are not offensive or misleading to the public.
The document defines advertising and discusses its importance and role in brand promotion. It provides definitions of advertising as a paid, non-personal form of communication from an identified sponsor using mass media to influence an audience. Advertising creates brand awareness, interest, and drives consumers to shops. It is an effective way to communicate with a large audience and helps create brand image. The document also discusses best practices for effective advertising, such as being informative, entertaining, memorable, and standing out from competitors.
This document provides definitions and discussions around public relations. It defines public relations as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. It discusses the origins of public relations in ancient civilizations using persuasion and propaganda to maintain power. It outlines the significance, need, functions, components, tools, and skills of public relations including establishing relationships, communication, and building understanding between organizations and their stakeholders.
This document provides an introduction and overview of public relations. It defines key concepts like publics, relations, and what constitutes public relations. It outlines the basic functions of PR like media relations, product publicity, corporate communications, and crisis management. It also discusses specialty areas within PR and the origin of the practice. The document aims to concisely explain the essential elements of what public relations entails.
Media planning involves selecting the best media channels and strategies to deliver messages to target audiences. Key aspects of media planning include setting objectives, choosing appropriate media classes and vehicles, and determining scheduling and frequency to optimize coverage and costs. Various media like television, radio, print, outdoor and digital each have their own advantages and disadvantages for advertisers to consider.
Exhibitions as a tool of public relationsFida Hussain
The document discusses exhibitions and the role of public relations practitioners in obtaining positive media coverage from exhibitions. It provides tips for PR practitioners, which include meeting with media in advance, having speaking opportunities at the exhibition, and having materials ready for post-exhibition coverage. The goal of PR efforts regarding exhibitions is to build the image of the organization and inform potential clients through positive media coverage before, during, and after exhibitions.
This document defines advertising and its purpose. Advertising is a paid form of mass communication designed to persuade potential customers about a product, service, or idea. It aims to promote sales or influence attitudes. The document provides 24 definitions of advertising from various sources and discusses how advertising creates demand, introduces new products, and lowers prices through mass production. Examples of advertising media include newspapers, radio, magazines, television, and other outlets. In conclusion, the goal of advertising is to present a non-personal message from an identified sponsor to promote ideas, products or services.
The document defines public relations as the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. It discusses how public relations involves cultivating favorable relations through various communication channels to build a positive image. The document also provides 18 different definitions of public relations from various sources, emphasizing how it is a strategic communication function aimed at managing reputation and gaining public understanding and acceptance.
Internal PR involves managing communication within an organization between employees and management. It is important for effective external PR, as internal buy-in and cooperation are needed. Tips for internal PR include establishing clear roles and responsibilities, praising employees, and giving feedback. External PR manages communication between an organization and outside audiences like the media and customers. Both internal and external PR teams work together on strategies and messaging while focusing on different stakeholder groups. Effective communication internally and externally is vital for an organization's success.
Public Relation is the practice of preaching the organization's message in public. Sometimes PR professionals face ethical problem in the path of influencing value, belief, opinion and behaviour of the public. This is a guideline for the ethical practice of Public relations.
Functions of advertising and Objectives of advertising Rajlaxmi Bhosale
Social Functions,Psychological Functions,Economic Functions.INFORMING
PERSUADING
REMINDING
ADDING VALUE
Distinguish from the competitors
Product expansion-brand extension
Encourage loyalty
Reduce cost
HELP IN BRANDING
Previewing New Trends Previews, Create Demand,PRICING
The document discusses the different types of publics that organizations must consider in public relations. It defines key publics like stakeholders, traditional vs nontraditional, primary vs secondary, internal vs external, and intervening publics. It emphasizes understanding each public's ability to influence goals, interests, decision makers, demographics, and opinions of the organization. Specific publics covered include employees, news media, government, investors, communities, consumers, voters, and businesses.
The document discusses advertising from social, economic, and ethical perspectives. It covers topics like the impact of advertising on society and culture, effects on consumer choice and competition, and regulatory aspects. The presentation is intended solely for classroom teaching purposes and any use without permission is prohibited. Illustrations are also subject to copyright restrictions.
This document is a presentation on the scope and functions of public relations. It defines public relations as managing the flow of information between an organization and the public. The scope of public relations is wide, including political fields and helping businesses, entrepreneurs, teachers, political leaders, and social workers. The functions of public relations outlined in the presentation include investor relations, internal relations, media relations, government relations, and community relations. The goal of public relations is to manage stakeholders' perceptions and build goodwill between organizations and the communities they operate in.
Satisfied Customer who will spread the word of mouth are your most powerful assets and this positive aura about your brand is created by effective public relations program that result in good publicity. learn the insights of this very effective tool of marketing communication.
The ASCI is a self-regulatory organization established in 1985 to ensure advertising in India is truthful, harmless and honest. It receives around 150 complaints annually which are reviewed by the Consumer Complaints Council. The CCC is composed of industry and public representatives and examines complaints to determine if ads violate ASCI guidelines. Several case studies are presented where the CCC ruled in favor of both complainants and advertisers. Self-regulation is advocated to avoid more stringent government oversight of advertising.
Creativity running in the blood, filled with unpredictable structures as a flat organization, advertising agency are the incubators behind viral successful campaigns. In-house Agency or Outdoor Agency , learn the variations and key operating procedures in an Advertising Agency.
Advertising as a Means of CommunicationIshan Parekh
This document discusses different types of advertising such as print, outdoor, broadcast, covert, surrogate, public service, product, classified, and corporate advertising. It also discusses the objectives of advertising like increasing sales and brand awareness. Additionally, it covers advertising techniques and models like the AIDA model. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of creativity in advertising.
This document discusses client-agency relationships in advertising. It defines a client-agency relationship as one between an advertiser and advertising agency that requires trust and collaboration to be effective. The document outlines factors that contribute to effective relationships, such as agencies not advertising for competitors and clients paying bills promptly. It also describes the advertising process, key agency departments like account services and creative, and sources of agency income. Overall, the document provides an overview of important aspects of client-agency relationships in advertising.
Learn more about the key ethical considerations faced by practitioners of public relations. Also, this lecture explores the Code of Ethics by the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA).
The document discusses the definition and purposes of advertising. Advertising is defined as any paid, non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, and services by an identified sponsor. Some key purposes of advertising include introducing new products, supporting personal selling, reaching broader audiences, entering new markets, increasing competition, enhancing goodwill, improving dealer relations, and warning against imitations. The document also lists various advertising media like newspapers, magazines, billboards, television, radio, and the internet.
The document discusses various types and techniques of advertising. It notes that advertising communicates information about goods and services to consumers in an attractive and appealing way. However, it also discusses some of the problems with contemporary advertising, including deceptive pricing, social prejudices like favoring fair skin, using surrogate ads to circumvent alcohol advertising laws, exploiting children, stereotyping and objectifying women, and threatening consumer privacy. The document advocates for honest advertising representations that are not offensive or misleading to the public.
The document defines advertising and discusses its importance and role in brand promotion. It provides definitions of advertising as a paid, non-personal form of communication from an identified sponsor using mass media to influence an audience. Advertising creates brand awareness, interest, and drives consumers to shops. It is an effective way to communicate with a large audience and helps create brand image. The document also discusses best practices for effective advertising, such as being informative, entertaining, memorable, and standing out from competitors.
This document provides definitions and discussions around public relations. It defines public relations as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. It discusses the origins of public relations in ancient civilizations using persuasion and propaganda to maintain power. It outlines the significance, need, functions, components, tools, and skills of public relations including establishing relationships, communication, and building understanding between organizations and their stakeholders.
This document provides an introduction and overview of public relations. It defines key concepts like publics, relations, and what constitutes public relations. It outlines the basic functions of PR like media relations, product publicity, corporate communications, and crisis management. It also discusses specialty areas within PR and the origin of the practice. The document aims to concisely explain the essential elements of what public relations entails.
Public relations involves strategic communication between an organization and its various audiences to manage public perception and optimize reputation. It is a management function that uses research and communication techniques like press releases, social media, and events to influence opinion. While similar to advertising, PR differs in that it is not paid, uses two-way communication, and aims to serve both organizational and public interests through transparency and responsiveness to changing environments. The field has grown with increased corporate social responsibility, consumerism, and technological developments that require specialized communication of complex messages.
In this interconnected, increasingly transparent and dynamic context, customers demand that organisations understand how to build internally- driven authentic and ethical corporate brands. And these brands must embrace influence from stakeholders and co-creation. Students will learn how to lead the building process for a strong and enduring corporate brand that gives focus to the entire organisation, and aligns its diverse stakeholders towards sustained value creation.
Public relations plays an important role in promoting organizations and managing their relationships and reputation with key stakeholders. It aims to build goodwill and distribute positive information about an organization through various communication tools and channels at a lower cost than advertising. Some of the main functions of public relations include press relations, product publicity, corporate communications, lobbying, and advising management. Common public relations tools include written materials, events, media relations, corporate identity materials, and community involvement. An effective public relations strategy incorporates two-way communication to understand stakeholder perspectives and help organizations address any issues before they become problems.
The document discusses the roles and functions of public relations practitioners and within organizations. It provides definitions of public relations from past practitioners, including it being the art of analyzing trends, counseling leaders, and implementing planned programs of action that benefit both the organization and public interest.
It also describes public relations as having three main roles within organizations: (1) relationship management to build and maintain relationships with key audiences, (2) image management to present a positive image, and (3) resource management to effectively allocate the PR budget. Additionally, it notes that larger organizations may have specialized PR roles, while smaller companies typically require generalists to handle varied PR needs.
This document discusses various advertising concepts and strategies. It defines advertising and its key characteristics. It also outlines different target market approaches including undifferentiated, concentrated, and differentiated marketing. Additionally, it discusses how advertising relates to and impacts other elements of the marketing mix like product, price, place, and promotion. The document also covers internal and external growth strategies for organizations.
Public relations involves planned and sustained efforts by an organization to create and maintain understanding and goodwill with the public. It involves evaluating public attitudes, coordinating communication programs, and fostering positive relationships. The objective is to convey the organization's policies and programs to the public, collect feedback, overcome prejudices, and build a favorable image. Functions include publicity, press relations, lobbying, and public affairs. Various internal and external media are used for communication, along with methods like press conferences, community events, signs, letters, and speeches. Photography, advertising, and direct mail are also utilized to communicate with the public in a public relations context.
Public relations involves maintaining favorable relationships between an organization and the public through strategic communications, media relations, and crisis communications. Publicity is a form of promotion that creates brand awareness through non-paid media coverage. Some key differences are that publicity is not under the control of the organization and intends to create public awareness, while public relations is a paid communication tool controlled by the organization to gain public attention. Public relations and publicity can both be important for building an organization's credibility and promoting its brand in a cost-effective manner.
Crisis Management
Crisis management is the establishing methods and policies to be used when an organization’s operations become involved in an emergency affecting the public. This includes policies and procedures for the distribution of information to employees, media, government and other key publics.
Crisis management deals with emergencies affecting the organization. They help establish policies for dealing with emergencies, such as who gets to communicate with the media, and how management shares information with employees.
Abstract:
Public Relations have been an integral part of human communications, since time immoral. It developed as an art and science in the 20th century. Today, there is no sector, whether it be Government, Private or NGOs, who do edgy in their operations. The ever escalating cost of advertising too has contributed to the significant growth of this industry.
While Public Relations, known by other sophisticated names such as advocacy, spin doctor, spin in-spin out etc, has immensely contributed towards highlighting socio-cultural issues, development affairs, exploring the innovative inventions, maintaining and harnessing the organization goodwill in the market. As far as grassroots innovators are concerns they do have knowledge abundance, and some want to use this knowledge to try things out. Public Relations is the tool to promote and explore those knowledge abundance across the human being.
Public relations (PR) is defined in multiple ways in the document, but generally refers to establishing and maintaining mutual understanding between an organization and its publics through deliberate communication efforts. PR involves managing issues, keeping management informed of public opinion, serving the public interest, and using research and ethical communication. Key functions of PR include building relationships, understanding public perceptions, aligning organizational policies with public interests, and ensuring policies are socially responsible. PR practitioners must maintain good relationships with mass media, who can influence public audiences, and implement strategies to advocate for their organization in a positive light. Challenges of modern PR include maintaining its management role, networking with media, and staying ahead of technological changes.
Public relations are the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain beneficial relationships between an organization and its publics. It involves fact-finding, planning, communication, and research and evaluation. PR professionals use both external media like newspapers, radio, television and internal media like house journals, bulletins boards and printed literature to communicate with stakeholders. They also employ tools like press conferences, press releases, press tours, exhibitions, photographs and advertising. Community relations, government relations and word-of-mouth are also important aspects of public relations.
Public relations emerged in the early 1900s as powerful businesses employed public relations officers to defend themselves from journalists and government regulations. It originally focused on one-way publicity to influence the public. After World War I, the role of public relations expanded to include two-way communication between organizations and the public based on mutual understanding. Today, the main functions of public relations include disseminating information through publicity and advertising, creating newsworthy stories through press agencies, acting as a liaison between organizations and government through public affairs, identifying and responding to issues that may affect the organization-public relationship through issue management, and attempting to influence policy through lobbying.
This document defines and categorizes public relations publics. It introduces public relations as how organizations communicate with the public and media to create and maintain a positive image. It then defines internal publics as employees and shareholders/investors who are intimately involved with the organization. External publics include consumers, the community, media, government, financial institutions, action groups, and the general public who the organization interacts with.
Role Of Public Relations In Ngo Managementharshalsk
The document discusses the role of public relations in NGO management. It begins by explaining how previously many NGOs functioned in a traditional way without utilizing public relations to attract funds, social attention, and financial assistance. This led to issues like lack of adequate funding and development. The document then discusses how the importance of public relations in NGO management is now widely accepted. It explains how NGOs use PR strategies and campaigns to raise awareness, funds, and influence governments. The goal of the project is to analyze the PR processes and strategies used by different NGOs.
Public relations is a management function that involves monitoring public attitudes and maintaining mutual understanding between an organization and its public. It aims to improve communication channels and establish two-way information flow. Public relations helps organizations compete effectively in a competitive global environment. It is defined as the management function that evaluates public attitudes, identifies organizational policies and procedures, and executes action plans to earn public understanding and acceptance. Models of public relations include the publicity model, public information model, and two-way symmetrical model where communication control is shared between the organization and public.
This document provides an overview of a training programme on public relations. It includes:
- The aim of the training programme is to impart professional public relations skills to ensure policies and services benefit citizens.
- The target group for the training are senior government officials, heads of departments, and public relations officers.
- The training will cover public relations concepts, programmes, organizational image, communication, media relations, and success traits.
- Upon completion, participants will be able to explain PR concepts and importance, develop PR programmes, maintain better media relations, and explain the importance of organizational image.
MIL for Teachers Module 05: AdvertisingPEDAGOGY.IR
MIL for Teachers Module 05: Advertising
2023 UNITED NATIONS ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS (UNAOC)
and
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)
Source URL:
http://unesco.mil-for-teachers.unaoc.org/modules/module-5/
This document provides an introduction and overview of a media advocacy toolkit developed by the Philippine NGO Council on Population, Health and Welfare Inc. to help media practitioners promote reproductive health, population, and sustainable development issues. The toolkit aims to enhance media skills in popularizing these topics through print and broadcast media. It discusses advocacy and the media's role as advocates, and provides tips on planning and producing development radio programs to raise awareness and influence policymakers and the public.
Similar to Basic concepts and tools of public relations (20)
The document outlines 6 modes of documentary filmmaking:
1) The Expository Mode uses voiceover narration and images to illustrate and advance an argument.
2) The Poetic Mode sacrifices conventions like continuity editing to explore emotional associations between images.
3) The Observational Mode attempts to observe the world without interference, using no voiceover or repeated behaviors.
4) The Participatory Mode involves interviewing subjects to give insight into the filmmaker's process.
5) The Reflexive Mode draws attention to the process of representation and assumptions about the world.
6) The Performative Mode emphasizes the filmmaker's personal experience to demonstrate social processes.
This document provides information and guidelines about writing and structuring TV news packages and stories. It discusses the common elements of a TV news package, including the intro, footage, links/voiceover, and soundbites. It also outlines different types of leads for broadcast stories, such as hard leads that provide vital details immediately, soft leads that warm up the audience, and throwaway leads that summarize information to come. Additionally, it defines common TV news writing terms and offers tips for writing simply and concisely for broadcast in limited time.
Television marked the beginning of a new mass media phenomenon that had major impacts on various industries and how people spent their leisure time. In the early days of television, viewers had to deal with a snowy picture and horizontal bars. Television and film differ in aspects like content, viewing conditions, ability to attract and hold attention, and how the medium shapes the message. Common television frame rates include 50i, 60i, and 30p, while film is typically 24 frames per second. Standards like NTSC, PAL, SECAM, and ATSC were developed to broadcast television globally using different analog and digital formats and aspect ratios like 4:3 and 16:9.
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of media. It states that media has the duty to inform, educate, and entertain the public about important issues like health, education, events, and personalities. It also influences societies and opinions. However, media owners need to allocate more resources to highlight health issues, as currently most focus is given to political topics. While media can raise awareness of health issues, the success of such campaigns still needs to be proven.
Communication is important for human life because it facilitates the spread of knowledge between people and forms relationships. Communication allows information to be shared through various means like face-to-face interaction, books, newspapers and the internet. It helps knowledge and ideas to be imparted from authors to readers, teachers to students, friends and coworkers. Moreover, communication is the foundation of human relationships as it allows people to express themselves and understand others, developing both positive and negative relationships. Therefore, communication plays a vital role in human life by enabling the sharing of information and knowledge as well as developing relationships.
Deutsche Welle (DW) is Germany's international public broadcaster. It provides news and information to a global audience in 30 languages across multiple platforms including radio, television, and online. DW aims to promote understanding between cultures and share a European perspective with the world. It has over 1,500 employees from over 60 countries and its services reach over 100 million people weekly. DW is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin and funded by the German government.
The Voice of America (VOA) is an international multimedia broadcasting service funded by the U.S. government. It began broadcasting in 1942 and provides news, information, and cultural programming in 45 languages to an estimated weekly audience of 134 million people worldwide. VOA's mission is to broadcast accurate, balanced, and comprehensive news to an international audience. It is overseen by the independent Broadcasting Board of Governors and operates according to a charter requiring objectivity, sourcing, fairness, and comprehensiveness in its reporting.
Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and receiver. There are four main types of communication: verbal, nonverbal, written, and visual. Verbal communication involves speech and language and can be further divided into intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, and public. Nonverbal communication conveys messages without words through body language, gestures, and facial expressions. Written communication transfers information through written words in letters, emails, and reports. Visual communication uses visual aids like images, colors, and designs to communicate messages.
The document discusses different types of advertisements, including outdoor, indoor, radio, TV, classified, retail, public service, and others. It provides examples and brief descriptions of each type. The history of advertising is also summarized, noting the first newspaper, radio, and TV advertisements.
The document discusses the process of communication. It defines communication as conveying information such that the message is received and understood. The basic communication process involves a sender, receiver, message, encoding, channel, decoding, and feedback. It identifies key elements of the communication process, including the sender who intends to convey a message, the ideas or content being communicated, encoding the ideas into symbols, selecting a communication channel, the receiver who receives the message, decoding the symbols back into ideas, and feedback to ensure understanding.
The global media system is now dominated by around 50 giant firms, with the top 9 firms thoroughly dominating many sectors of film, TV, publishing, and music production. These firms are highly concentrated and engage in joint ventures that reduce competition. The system promotes commercial values over quality journalism or cultural diversity. It privileges genres like sports and entertainment that are lucrative for advertising over other types of content. This concentration of media power threatens democracy, yet it occurred with little public debate.
This document discusses several models of communication including the Shannon and Weaver model, a modified Shannon and Weaver model, and Berlo's SMCR model. The Shannon and Weaver model describes the basic elements in a communication process. The modified version adds different types of noise that can interfere. Berlo's SMCR model outlines four key elements - source, message, channel, and receiver - and describes factors that influence each element, such as communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and culture. Models help simplify and provide an organized framework for understanding complex communication processes.
The Associated Press (AP) is a not-for-profit news cooperative founded in 1846 that operates as the backbone of the world's information system. It has over 4,000 employees working in over 240 worldwide bureaus, providing news coverage in over 100 countries. AP supplies a steady stream of news around the clock to over 5,000 radio and television outlets as well as 550 international broadcasters and online customers. Its mission is to provide accurate, unbiased news coverage and media from around the world.
Public relations involves strategically managing communication between an organization and its various stakeholders to build mutually beneficial relationships. It aims to shape public perceptions of an organization by informing and persuading key audiences through non-paid forms of communication like publicity and civic engagement. PR pioneers like Ivy Lee, Edward Bernays, and others in the early 20th century professionalized the field by emphasizing the importance of truth, transparency, and social responsibility in an organization's relationships with the public.
This document discusses the public relations process and its key components. It outlines 7 phases of the public relations process: 1) identifying the message, 2) ascertaining existing public awareness, 3) developing communication objectives, 4) creating the message and choosing media, 5) implementing the message, 6) assessing impact, and 7) redesigning the message if needed. It also discusses establishing public relations objectives, strategies, target audiences, and evaluating outcomes. The overall public relations process aims to effectively plan and execute communication initiatives to influence public opinion.
A public relations officer represents organizations through planned publicity campaigns, crisis management, media relations, marketing, and internal and external communications; they write press releases, organize events, analyze media coverage, and ensure an organization maintains good relationships with key stakeholders through strategic communication. Public relations officers need excellent oral and written communication skills, strong interpersonal skills, and the ability to think strategically and manage reputations.
A paragraph should be focused on a single topic or central idea. It includes a topic sentence that introduces the overall idea, supporting sentences that explain or provide examples about the topic sentence, and sometimes a concluding sentence that summarizes the key points. Proper paragraphs are coherent, concise, and avoid shifting between unrelated topics within the same paragraph. Details should also be included to fully explain the central idea.
This document provides information about news sources and reporting. It defines key terms like source, reporter, news agencies, and outlines different types of reporting. The document also discusses the qualities of a good reporter, including being inquisitive, accurate, and able to work under pressure. It provides examples of conventional news sources like press conferences and modern sources like databases.
The inverted pyramid is the standard structure for news writing, with the most important information at the top. The lead paragraph should contain the key facts or most newsworthy element. Facts must be attributed to sources, and opinions should also be attributed unless generally accepted. Identification of people uses full names on first reference. Paragraphs, writing, and headlines follow additional stylistic conventions like brevity, third person, and consistency.
Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine founded in 1933. It is based in New York City and has the second largest circulation in the U.S. The magazine publishes editions in English, Japanese, Korean, Polish, and Spanish. In 2010, Newsweek merged with the website The Daily Beast to form The Newsweek Daily Beast Company. Newsweek has 22 bureaus worldwide and covers international news.
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Basic concepts and tools of public relations
1. Basic Concepts and Tools of Public Relations:
Public relations is usually confused with advertising, press agentry, propaganda, publicity, public
affair if etc., but these are some of the tools used by the all absorbing discipline of public
relations for achieving its objectives. A public relations campaign may include all or some of
them but it is not confirmed to any one of the same. Some of the basic concepts and tools of
public relations have been discussed in the following paragraphs:
Publics
In Public Relations the term ‘public.’ is used for those people or group of people who are directly
or indirectly concerned with the organisation, use its services/products or benefit from jt in one
form or another and/or affected by its policies/programmes. In other words it is a group or
groups of people who are tied together by some common bond or interest or concern. The
publics of an organisation play a key role in its success or failure. PubIics are of two kinds —
internal and external, a) h in/mal publics: .
a) Internal publics of an organisation are the employees/personnel, management,
share-holders distributors etc. A close co-ordination among all the categories of internal publics
is the primary duty of the public relations arm of the organisation. For successful and good
public relations mutual confidence between the employees and employer is a must. They should
be kept informed about the achievements, problems, issues, new projects, etc., which would be
greatly helpful in sustaining, rather bolstering up the confidence of the employees. Similarly, it is
also the duty of the public relations wing to inform the management about the problems facing
the employees. if the public relations arm is not performing this duty it is, doing disservice to the
organisation. Likewise, if the share-holders are satisfied, the management will not find any
difficulty in raising its equity base (share capital) whenever it wishes to do so.
b) ExtemalPublics:
This group of publics is usually outside the premises of the organisation but is always of great
importance for an organisation. External publics may consist of the following sub-groups:
(i) Local Population: This group consists of the people, firms and organisations in the
surrounding areas. There are of great value to the organisation as they may provide services to it
and/or purchase its products or bene fit from its services. Besides, they are the people who are
greatly affected by the activities/operations of the organisation in terms of noise, pollution,
traffic problems, etc.
(ii) Poten tialEmployees:Though this group is not on the pay roll of the organisation, but
is of imminent importance for the organisation. Public relations department never under-
estimates the importahce of this group. It always tries to get their favourable opinion by
highlighting the services of the organisation for the community and the state.
2. iii) Suppliers: Every firm or industrial concern needs raw material. The provision
of quality and timely inputs means good products. Public relations arm of every industrial
concern remains busy in winning the confidence of this group (suppliers) by maintaining mutual
understanding between the organisation in question and its suppliers. Timely payment should be
made to the suppliers. They should be kept aware about your position to enable them to decide
matters, including supply of raw material, on merit.
(iv) OmsumersTVis group of publics holds a pivotal position for the success or growth of
the organisation and normally energies of all other publics are geared towards having a better
rapport with it,. They are the ultimate users of the products or service. Public relations wing of an
organisation will focus on moulding their favourable opinion towards the organisation. We see
the TV and the print media flooded with advertisements describing the qualities and properties of
the products, sometimes even offering incentives to the consumers. It pays, indeed, if correct
information abput the product or service is provided to the consumers as it can prove very crucial
for the image building and getting the confidence of the consumers. In other words, while
advertising one should not exaggerate the quality of a product or seek recourse in half-truths.
(v) Mass Media: Experts regard the mass media to be an important; agent for influencing
change in the attitudes, behaviours and opinions of the people. As the media of mass
communication happen to be the carriers of public relations messages (advertising, publicity,
propaganda, etc.) they constitute an important group of the external publics. Every organisation
gives a due weightage to the mass media which can be instrumental in buildingup and/ or
tarnishing the image of an organisation.
Public relations is the collective responsibility of each and every individual working for i an
organisation. It is wrong to consider the public relationing to be solely “the responsibility of the
public relations wing. As the satisfaction of the consumers is one of the main objectives of the
business, hence enlightened managements devise policies so that PR is understood by all
employees, in particular those holding senior positions.
Press Agentry -
The practice of getting favourable material published, broadcast or telecast by the news media is
press agentry. It is done for attracting people’s attention and for educating and informing them as
well. According to Cutlip and Centre, press agentry is the creation J of publicity worthy events
and the use of brass bands and barkers, if necessary, to attract; attention to some person or
something. Peter Biddecome considers a press agent a person engaged to get press coverage and
press clippings.
It is one of the oldest and most vital tools of public relations, which was widely practised by the
ancient Greeks. The history of public relations is also associated with that of press agentry.
Edward Jay Whatmore, author of the book Mediamerica observed that Until the 20th century the
term press agentry was being used for public relations as well, The press agents were masters at
planting stories in newspapers. This kind of free publicity was much more valuable than paid-for
advertising. Amongst the innumerable campaigns launched during the late 19th century the most
notable, according to historian Marshall Fishwick, was thejone which resulted in the rise of folk
3. hero Buffalo Bill. Some half a dozen writers helped shape Buffalo Bill into one of the greatest
American folk heroes, outdistancing more spectacular men by making mountains out of
molehills. most all of the folk heroes from that era were virtually created through press agentry. ‘
Advertising
” Advertising is one of the overt strategies used for influencing public attitudes. ] Experts regard
it as one of the tools of public relations which complements a total public 1 relations programme.
Through advertising various qualities and characteristics of the product j or service are explained
to the publics with a view to creating a soft corner in their mi rid for the product/service and also
a good image of the company/organisation. This tool is different ! from other tools of public
relationing as it seeks to mould public opinion in an pvert manner. I It uses paid time and space
in the media usually to deal directly with the consumers, primarily to promote and sell goods and
services, secondarily to promote and sell ideas.
Propaganda
Public relations campaigns also include propaganda to manipulate public opinion
Propaganda is communication — verbal or non-verbal — that attempts to influence the motives,
beliefs or attitudes of people. Its function is not essentially to convert, rather it» function is to
attract followers and to keep them in line. The task of propaganda is to blanket every area of
human activity so that the environment of the individual is changed to absorb the campaign (PR)
view. Originally, it meant simply spreading a belief, as the term propaganda was first used for a
religious mission preaching Christianity, but its misuse, particularly during the last 80 years,
brought it into disrepute. But even today propaganda is an important tool of public relations,
Public relations arm of an organisation may use propaganda for: (1) to gain audience, (2) to hold
the audience and (3) to influence the audience. On one side, the public relations department is
engaged in propaganda activities and on the other it is countering the false claims of the
competitors or enemy propaganda.
Publicity
Too often public relations are confused with publicity, in fact it has been identified with it. But
publicity is One of the important tools of public relations, Publicity consists of obtaining free
space or time for promotional material in the press or on the air, and although this material
masquerades as news, its purpose is often hidden.
Publicity is not the whole activity of public relations, According to Shirley Biagi, publicity is
strictly a communication function whereas public relations involves a management function as
well. Essentially publicity means placing information in a news medium, either in a mass
medium such as television or newspapers or in a specialised medium such as corporate,
association, trade or industry magazines, newsletters or even brochures. Publicists diseminate
information but do not help set the policy.
Computer
4. Rapid strides in communication technologies have changed the world, as described by Marshall
Mcluhan into a global village in the real terms. The most wonderful of these inventions is,
perhaps, the computer which coupled with the satellites and cable has proved itself to be a magic
device. These innovations in communications have, on the one hand, made public relations
activities easier while, on the other, more challenging, making it inevitable for the public
relations departments, specially those working for large organisations, to harness the gadgets for
sending their messages to various corners of the globe instantly. In the following lines we will
discuss some of the computer-based communications innovations which have taken off the
ground, at least, in the developed world.
(a) Teletext and Videotex
Both teletext and videotex are electronically generated letters, numbers, symbols and graphics
that are read from the TV screen or the home computer monitor. Both systems are computer-
based: Copy is entered into a computer at a central location for transmission to the home.
These new technologies, which have been dubbed as “electronic publishing”, function as an
electronic newspaper or magazine. Webzines (electronic magazines) are fast emerging • as the
magazines of the future.
Teletext: The teletext subscribers can’t request specific information to be sent to one specific
home. Teletext is more like the local TV newscast and newspaper. In general, teletext is
delivered to the home via a regular TV broadcast signal. The teletext subscriber has a decoder,
which is similar to a cable TV converter. This decoder allows teletext subscribers to read the text
on the TV screen whenever they wish.
Videotex: Videotex is two-way communication. It’s delivered to the home via a cable TV
system or the telephone lines, which allow more items to be transmitted than a TV signal does.
In Europe, where this technology originated, delivery of the electronic messages is called view
data.
Videotexmessages are delivered to the home, through a decoder on the TV set. They can also be
sent directly to home computers. (Media Writing PP 126-128) by Doug Newsom and James A.
Wollert). A videotex subscriber can demand the videotex central computer for specific
information while a teletext subscriber can’t place an order for personalised information.
(b) E-Mail:
In the form of electronic or E-mail computer is again providing a tremendous service to the
mankind. Through this rapid mode of communications distances of months, weeks and days have
been reduced into seconds. A person who wishes to sent a message types the text into a computer
and then feeds the information to a satellite uplink On the other end, a downlink decodes the
message and the letters appear on the computer screen of the addressee. E-mail is proving to be
very useful for public relations departments whose personnel are always in touch with various
public – trade union, media, stockholders, suppliers, distributors, top management, employees,
etc.—for cultivating good relations with them and also for developing a good image Of the
5. organisation. In addition to uses listed above computer is also very useful in grafting, composing
and editing press releases, features, articles, brochures, booklets, etc. and also for storing and
retrieving of information.
Satellite
Satellite is a space vehicle designed to follow a predetermined route, usually orbiting the earth,
for the purpose of collecting and transmitting information. They actually act as radio relay
stations, receiving electronic messages from the ground that are transmitted through ‘uplinks’ in
earth stations, the Satellite then retransmit them to dishes in other earth stations ‘downlinks’.
The satellites revolve around the earth at the same speed it rotates on its axis, so they are
constantly in the same position in relation to the earth stations.
There are various satellites but the one which has brought tremendous revolution in the world of
communication is communication satellite. The primary uses of communications satellites have
been for long distance, point-to-point, two-way telecommunication links carrying telephone and
other traditional telecommunications messages; for providing live transoceanic television
transmissions and increasingly for data trafficking between large and costly earth stations linked
to telecommunications networks.
Satellite is a useful public relations tool for big multinational firms, and organisations having
scattered publics and interests. Some religious organisations also use satellite transmission to
influence audiences’ beliefs and attitudes, actions and motives.
Visual News Services
Like other walks of life, new communications technologies have pervaded into each and every
activity/operation of public relationing. Public relations departments today make full use of the
modern technologies and shape and adapt their communication tools on modern lines. For
instance, in the old days the public relations departments used to send their news releases to the
media organisations in the printed form only, but today this trend is changing fast. Public
relations departments of big firms not only rely on text of news release but also picturise their
operations and activities and send their films to the television Stations along with a copy of text:
Its aims are: (1) to provide TV station full information, (2) make it easier for TV to relay the
news story along with the vistuals to attract audience attention, and (3) enhance credibility and
good image of the organisation.
Fax Services
Fax or facsimile has rendered and established itself in a variety of communication services both
commercial and noncommercial. For a public relations department it has become an inevitable
tool due to its varied applications The fax machine provides-a dependable connection with media
organisations and other segments like the management, suppliers, distributors, stockholders who
greatly matter for the organisation. It has diminished delays. In a situation where delays of a day
or more, as imposed by the postal system, are prohibitive, fax stands ready to get the message
6. through in a matter of minutes or seconds thus enabling the public relations officer to transmit
the news release or photo of an event, which may happened even late in the night, just minutes
Before the deadline of the last edition.
Courier Services
Not necessarily every group of publics of an organisation has the facility of modern
communications. In such a case courier- services prove very helpful for a public relations
dopartmenc4n getting important and urgent messages delivered promptly .Though courier
services comparatively take more time ith’an fax or E-Mail but even then these services are more
prompt and dependable than the ordinary mailing arrangements. Courier services personalise the
messages and create a sense of association and kinship which is what the public relations
department tries to achieve.