This document discusses several models of communication including the Shannon and Weaver model, a modified Shannon and Weaver model, and Berlo's SMCR model. The Shannon and Weaver model describes the basic elements in a communication process. The modified version adds different types of noise that can interfere. Berlo's SMCR model outlines four key elements - source, message, channel, and receiver - and describes factors that influence each element, such as communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and culture. Models help simplify and provide an organized framework for understanding complex communication processes.

1. Communication Models
How we try to understand
communication

2. What are models?
• Drawings
• Charts
• Diagrams
• Pictograms
• Schematics
• Cartoons
Models represent
relationships, flows,
structures, or
interactions.

3. Why are models useful?
• They help simplify complex ideas
– For teaching purposes
– For evaluation purposes
• They offer an organized way of looking
at a complex process

4. What makes a model “good”?
• All the main points of the relationship or
process are described
• The description is simple and clear
• The description contains as little textual
explanation as possible

5. The Shannon and Weaver
Communication Model

6. Modified S&W Model of
Human Communication

7. Noise in the Modified
Shannon and Weaver Model
• Physical:
– Occurrences in the physical surroundings
or in the media that can distort a message
• Physiological:
– Physical discomfort in the body of either
the sender or the receiver
• Psychological:
– Negative feelings in the mind of either the
sender or the receiver

8. Noise, cont’d
• Perceptual
– Incorrect perceptions of the message and
the receiver by the sender, and vice-versa
• Semantic
– Misinterpretation of words and sentences
by the sender or receiver

9. Berlo’s SMCR Model
•SOURCE
•MESSAGE
•CHANNEL
•RECEIVER
Four elements in the
communication
process

11. Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.
• SOURCE
– Communication skills
– Attitudes
– Knowledge
– Social system
– Culture

12. Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.
• MESSAGE
– Content
– Elements
– Treatment
– Structure
– Code

13. Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.
• CHANNEL
– Seeing
– Hearing
– Touching
– Smelling
– Tasting

14. Berlo’s Elements, cont’d.
• RECEIVER
– Communication skills
– Attitudes
– Knowledge
– Social system
– Culture