The document provides guidelines for performing basic cardiac life support, including how to recognize cardiac arrest, provide chest compressions and rescue breathing, assess for breathing and pulse, and properly position victims. It also covers foreign body airway obstruction for both conscious and unconscious adult, child, and infant victims, with steps for back blows, chest thrusts, and CPR. The chain of survival and importance of early defibrillation, emergency medical services activation, and high-quality CPR is emphasized.
Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This procedure is done to remove excess fluid, known as a pleural effusion, from the pleural space to help you breathe easier.
Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This procedure is done to remove excess fluid, known as a pleural effusion, from the pleural space to help you breathe easier.
Intravenous
Cannulation
A intravenous cannula is a flexible tube which when inserted
into the body is used either to withdraw fluid or insert
medication.
• IV Cannula normally comes with a trocar ( a sharp pointed
needle ) attached which allows puncture of the body to get
into the intended space.
The purpose of this module is to provide comprehensive information about how to assist patients with ambulation, including the proper use of assestive devices and how to transfer a patient safely.
Oxygen therapy
Definition:
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is essential for the body to function properly and to survive.
Oxygen therapy is a treatment that delivers oxygen gas to breathe. The oxygen therapy is received from tubes resting in nose, a face mask, or a tube placed n your trachea, or windpipe. This treatment increases the amount of oxygen in lungs to receive and deliver to blood.
What is meaning of O2 therapy
Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen at a concentration of pressure greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere
The air that we breathe contain approximately 21% oxygen
the heart relies on oxygen to pump blood.
Purpose
Oxygen therapy is a key treatment in respiratory care.
The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues where the saturation levels are too low due to illness or injury.
What are the signs that a person needs oxygen
shortness of breath.
headache.
restlessness.
dizziness.
rapid breathing.
chest pain.
confusion.
high blood pressure.
Contd…..
Pulmonary hypertension
Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Short-term therapy, such as post-anesthesia recovery
Oxygen may also be used to treat chronic lung disease patients during exercise .
Methods of oxygen administration:
1- Nasal cannula
Face mask
The simple Oxygen mask
The partial rebreather mask:
The non rebreather mask:
The venturi mask:
The partial rebreather mask:
The mask is have with a reservoir bag must romaine inflated during both inspiration & expiration
It collection of the first parts of the patients' exhaled air.
It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up to 80%.
The non rebreather mask
This mask provides the highest concentration of
oxygen (95-100%) at a flow rate6-15 L/min.
It is similar to the partial rebreather mask
except two one-way valves prevent conservation of exhaled air.
The bag is an oxygen reservoir
Venturi mask
It is high flow concentration of oxygen.
Oxygen from 40 - 50%
At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
T-piece
Used on end of ET tube when weaning from ventilator
Provides accurate FIO2
Provides good humidity
Documentation:
Date and time oxygen started.
Method of delivery.
Oxygen concentration and flow rate.
Patient observation.
Add oronasal care to the nursing care plan
O2 DELIVERY DEVICES
What type of procedure is suctioning?
Suctioning is 'the mechanical aspiration of pulmonary secretions from a patient with an artificial airway in place'. The procedure involves patient preparation, the suctioning event(s) and follow-up care.
A cardiac event monitor is a device that you control to record the electrical activity of your heart (ECG). This device is about the size of a pager. It records your heart rate and rhythm. Cardiac event monitors are used when you need long-term monitoring of symptoms that occur less than daily
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
The intramuscular injection is most common type of drug administration. Because of a single mistake we can do harm to our patient. So, we should know about the right way to administer IM injection. Here, in this slides we discuss details about the topic. It will increase your skill proficiently.
Thanks
Intravenous
Cannulation
A intravenous cannula is a flexible tube which when inserted
into the body is used either to withdraw fluid or insert
medication.
• IV Cannula normally comes with a trocar ( a sharp pointed
needle ) attached which allows puncture of the body to get
into the intended space.
The purpose of this module is to provide comprehensive information about how to assist patients with ambulation, including the proper use of assestive devices and how to transfer a patient safely.
Oxygen therapy
Definition:
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is essential for the body to function properly and to survive.
Oxygen therapy is a treatment that delivers oxygen gas to breathe. The oxygen therapy is received from tubes resting in nose, a face mask, or a tube placed n your trachea, or windpipe. This treatment increases the amount of oxygen in lungs to receive and deliver to blood.
What is meaning of O2 therapy
Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen at a concentration of pressure greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere
The air that we breathe contain approximately 21% oxygen
the heart relies on oxygen to pump blood.
Purpose
Oxygen therapy is a key treatment in respiratory care.
The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues where the saturation levels are too low due to illness or injury.
What are the signs that a person needs oxygen
shortness of breath.
headache.
restlessness.
dizziness.
rapid breathing.
chest pain.
confusion.
high blood pressure.
Contd…..
Pulmonary hypertension
Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Short-term therapy, such as post-anesthesia recovery
Oxygen may also be used to treat chronic lung disease patients during exercise .
Methods of oxygen administration:
1- Nasal cannula
Face mask
The simple Oxygen mask
The partial rebreather mask:
The non rebreather mask:
The venturi mask:
The partial rebreather mask:
The mask is have with a reservoir bag must romaine inflated during both inspiration & expiration
It collection of the first parts of the patients' exhaled air.
It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up to 80%.
The non rebreather mask
This mask provides the highest concentration of
oxygen (95-100%) at a flow rate6-15 L/min.
It is similar to the partial rebreather mask
except two one-way valves prevent conservation of exhaled air.
The bag is an oxygen reservoir
Venturi mask
It is high flow concentration of oxygen.
Oxygen from 40 - 50%
At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
T-piece
Used on end of ET tube when weaning from ventilator
Provides accurate FIO2
Provides good humidity
Documentation:
Date and time oxygen started.
Method of delivery.
Oxygen concentration and flow rate.
Patient observation.
Add oronasal care to the nursing care plan
O2 DELIVERY DEVICES
What type of procedure is suctioning?
Suctioning is 'the mechanical aspiration of pulmonary secretions from a patient with an artificial airway in place'. The procedure involves patient preparation, the suctioning event(s) and follow-up care.
A cardiac event monitor is a device that you control to record the electrical activity of your heart (ECG). This device is about the size of a pager. It records your heart rate and rhythm. Cardiac event monitors are used when you need long-term monitoring of symptoms that occur less than daily
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
The intramuscular injection is most common type of drug administration. Because of a single mistake we can do harm to our patient. So, we should know about the right way to administer IM injection. Here, in this slides we discuss details about the topic. It will increase your skill proficiently.
Thanks
This PowerPoint by the American Heart Association covers the standard procedures for CPR, First Aid and AED responses. It has been shared by Atlantic Training, a leading provider of EHS workplace safety training in DVD and digital formats. They have over 170 training topics in different content formats for your learning management system (LMS).
Visit: Atlantictraining.com/wave or call (800) 975-7640.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
CPR is a process of oxygenating heart, lung through external cardiac massage and artificial respiration until the definite medical treatment can restore the normal functioning of heart, lung and brain.
Basic CPR competency is a foudational skill in both basic and advanced life support training and ample data supports the need to improve ongoing maintenance of competency. Many out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims do not receive CPR before the arrival of professional rescuers. Video-based instruction effectively trains students more quickly than traditional classroom based courses and evidence suggests ongoing refresher training benefits skill retention. Real time feedback devices improve CPR quality in both training and actual resuscitation. Devkunwar Salam "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21417.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/21417/cardiopulmonary-resuscitation/devkunwar-salam
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdf
Basic Cardiac Life Support by KSU
1. Basic Cardiac Life Support
for Health Care Providers
Adults / Child / Infant
2. Introduction
Cardiac emergencies are the most common
medical emergencies in the U.S., with over
600,000 deaths each year and more than
half of them occur outside of hospitals.
3. EMERGENCY CARDIAC CARE-
Involves:
Recognizing early warning signs of
cardiac arrest (reassure
victim/activate EMS).
Provide immediate BLS.
Provide ACLS.
Transfer to hospital
4. Early signs of cardiac arrest
Unresponsiveness
No breathing
No signs of circulation
Causes of cardiac arrest:
Trauma, drowning, choking, heart
attack….etc
5. CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)
CPR: Consists of series of assessments &
interventions that support cardiac and
respiratory functions.
Main purpose of CPR is to provide
oxygenated blood to the brain and heart
NO SPECIAL EQUIPMENTS ARE NEEDED-
JUST HANDS AND MOUTH & STEP BY STEP
PROCEDURE.
8. Assessment of unresponsiveness
Tap or gently shake
the victim and shout
“Are you ok”. To elicit
a response a painful
stimulus can be
applied such as
pinching the earlobe
and pressing over the
eyelid and observing
for grimacing. Other
associations
recommend rubbing on
the sternum using the
knuckles of the
fingers.
9. Activate EMS
Rescuer who is alone should
alter sequence of rescue
based on most likely cause.
Sudden witnessed collapse
(likely VF) arrest activates
EMS, get AED, do CPR.
Hypoxic arrest (i.e.,
suffocation give 5 cycles of
CPR (about 2 minutes)
before alerting EMS.
If there is no response, Call
***** and return to the
victim. In most locations the
emergency dispatcher can
assist you with CPR
instructions
10. Positioning the victim:
Place the victim
first on His/ Her
back on hard
surface. If the
victim is lying face
down, turn or roll
the victim as unit,
supporting the
head and neck
11. AIRWAY
Open the airway by the head tilt /
chin lift maneuver for all victims
Health care personnel use:
Jaw thrust in trauma patient
CHIN LIFT
13. BREATHING
Assessment of
breathlessness (5-10
seconds)
Place your ear just one
inch above the mouth
and the nose of the
victim and perform the
following:
LOOK: for the chest
to rise and fall
LISTEN: for air
escaping during
exhalation, and
FEEL: for the flow of
air on your cheek
14. Cont BREATHING
If breathing is not present
or is inadequate, begin
rescue breathing by giving
two slow breaths: pinch
nose and cover the mouth
with yours and blow until
you see the chest rise. Give
2 breaths.
Time:
Each breath should take one
second and watch for chest
rise and allow time for
exhalation.
Volume:
Sufficient volume.
No large volume or forceful
breathing.
15. Circulation
Assessment of pulselessness
(5-10 secs.): check for
carotid/femoral artery pulse.
While maintaining the head tilt
with one hand, locate the
victim’s Adams apple (thyroid
cartilage) with two or three
fingers of the other hand.
Slide your fingers into the
groove between the Adam’s
apple and the muscle on the
side nearest you where the
carotid pulse can be felt.
Femoral artery pulse also can
be checked.
If pulse is not definitely felt
within 10 seconds, proceed
with chest compression
16. TO LOCATE THE LANDMARK FOR
EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSION
The technique of costal
margin that is as
follows:
1. Run your index and
middle fingers up the
lower margin of the rib
cage and locate the
sternal notch with your
middle finger. The
index finger is place
next to the middle
finger on the lower
and of the sternum.
17. CONT. TO LOCATE THE LANDMARK FOR
EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSION
2. The heel of the other
hand (the one nearest
the victim’s head) is
placed on the lower
half of the sternum,
and the other hand is
placed on the top of
the hand on the
sternum so that the
hands are parallel.
18. CONT. TO LOCATE THE LANDMARK FOR
EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSION
3. Your fingers may
be either extended
or interlaced but
must be kept off
the chest.
19. CONT. TO LOCATE THE LANDMARK FOR
EXTERNAL CHEST COMPRESSION
4. Lock your elbows into
position, the arms are
straightened and
shoulders directly over
the victim’s sternum.
Keep the heel of your
hand lightly in contact
with the chest during
the relaxation phase of
chest compression to
maintain correct hand
position.
20. CONT. Circulation
PUSH HARD- PUSH FAST: equal
compression and relaxation allowing
recoil of chest wall.
Chest compression – ventilation 30:
2, for 5 cycles (2 minutes rate of 100
per minute.
Depth of 1.5 to 2 inches.
21. Reassessment
After 5 cycles of compressions and
ventilations (30:2), check for
return of carotid pulse/ femoral
pulse and spontaneous breathing.
According to the findings (after 2
minutes):
There is pulse – place in the
recovery position, monitor vital
signs until EMS arrives.
There is pulse but no breathing:
continue rescue breathing every 5-
6 seconds (10-12 breaths).
Recheck pulse every 2 minutes.
No pulse or breathing continue
CPR 30:2. , until AED arrives or
ACLS provider arrives.
23. ONE MAN CPR, CHILD BELOW 8 YEARS
OLD
Assessment of unresponsiveness
Tap the child and shake and shout “ARE YOU
OK” to elicit a response, the same as in adult.
If unresponsive shout for help and start CPR
immediately. If second rescuer or some one is
available, have him or her activate the EMS system.
Remind the activator the number is (********).
Activate EMS after 2 minutes CPR except in
sudden witnessed collapse, activate
immediately.
Position the victim in supine, on a firm, flat
surface. Careful handling of the neck during
positioning of victim
24. AIRWAY
Open the airway: perform head-tilt, chin lift maneuver
BREATHING
Assessment of breathlessness – (5-10 seconds)
Place your ear just one inch above he mouth and the
nose of the victim and perform the following.
1. LOOK for the chest to rise and fall
2. LISTEN for air escaping during exhalation, and
3. FEEL for the flow of air on your cheek
If breathing is not present or is inadequate, begin
rescue breathing by giving two slow breaths: pinch
nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until
you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths.
Time: Each breath should take one second and watch
for chest rise and allow time for exhalation.
Volume – sufficient volume. No large volume or
forceful breathing.
25. Assessment of Pulselessness (5-10
seconds) CHECK COROTID/ FEMORAL
PULSE
If the pulse is weak or absent begin external
chest compressions
Nipple line technique is not to be used; that
is as follows:
Run your index and middle fingers along the lower
rib cage until the middle finger reaches the notch.
The index finger is placed next to the middle
finger.
The heel of the same hand is placed next hand is
placed next to the point where the index finger
was located. (One or two hands can be used.)
CIRCULATION
26. Lock your elbows into
position, the arms are
straightened and
shoulders directly over
the victim’s sternum.
Keep the heel of your
hand lightly in contact
with the chest during
the relaxation phase
chest compression to
maintain correct hand
position.
27. PUSH HARD- PUSH FAST
WITH OUT ANY
INTERUPTION
RATE OF COMPRESSION:
100 PER
MINUTE
DEPTH OF COMPRESSIN:
1/3 -1/2
THE DEPTH OF THE CHEST
COMPRESSION
/VENTILATION RATION:
30:2
COMPRESSION /
RELAXATION CYCLE
SHOULD BE EQUAL
Reassessment:-
After 5 cycles of compressions
and ventilations (30:2), check for
Return of carotid pulse/ femoral
pulse and spontaneous breathing.
According to the findings (after 2
minutes):
There is pulse – place in the
recovery position carefully;
monitor vital signs until EMS
arrives.
There is pulse but no breathing:
continue rescue breathing every
3-5 seconds (12-20 breaths per
minute). Recheck pulse every 2
minutes.
No pulse or breathing continue
CPR 30:2. , until AED arrives or
ACLS provider arrives
28. ONE MAN CPR, INFANT (TO
APPROXIMATE 1 YEAR)
Cardio pulmonary arrest in infants and children is not
usually a sudden event. Instead, it is often the end-
result of a progressive deterioration in respiratory an
circulatory function.
Assessment of unresponsiveness.
Tap the child and shake and shout “ARE YOU OK” to
elicit a response,
If unresponsive start CPR immediately. If second
rescuer or some one is available, have him or her
activate the EMS system.
Activate EMS after 2 minutes CPR except in
sudden witnessed collapse, activate immediately.
Position the victim in supine, firm and flat surface.
29. AIRWAY
Open the airway:
apply head tilt-
chin lift to ‘sniffing’
or neutral position.
HCP CAN USE
JAW THRUST IN
TRAUMA
PATIENT
30. BREATHING
Assessment of breathlessness (5-10 seconds)
Place your ear just one inch above the mouth and the
nose of the infant and perform the following.
LOOK for the chest to rise and fall
LISTEN for air escaping during exhalation
FEEL for the flow of air on your check
If the breathing is not present or is inadequate , make
a tight seal over the mouth and the nose of the infant
and begin rescue breathing by giving two slow
breaths.
Time 1 second per breath and watch chest rise and
allow time for exhalation.
Volume enough to see the chest of the infant rise
during ventilation.
31. CIRCULATION
Assessment of
pulselessness: Brachial
pulse (5-10 seconds)
Feel for the brachial pulse
while maintaining head tilt
with the other hand,
The brachial pulse is
located on the inside of the
upper arm, between elbow
and shoulder.
If pulse is absent or below
60 per minute give 5
cycles of external 30 chest
compressions followed by
2 slow breaths. Each
breath over one second.
32. LAND MARK FOR EXTERNAL
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Nipple line technique.
The area of compression is
just below the imaginary line,
using the middle and ring
fingers.
RATE OF COMPRESSION:
100 PER MINUTE
DEPTH OF COMPRESSION:
1/3-1/2 THE
DEPTH FO THE CHEST
COMPRESSION /
VENTILATION RATIO: 30:2
COMPRESSION /
RELAXATION CYCLE SHOULD
BE EQUAL
33. REASSESSMENT
Reassess the infant after every 5 cycles of
30 compressions and 2 ventilations (2
minutes).
According to the findings:
There is pulse and breathing, place the infant in
the recovery position, monitors vital signs until
EMS arrives
There is pulse but no breathing continue rescue
breathing one breath every 3-5 seconds (12-20
per minute) and reassess.
No pulse or breathing continue CPR 30:2. ratio,
assess for pulse and breathing after 5 cycles
(2minutes)
34. FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
CAUSES:
Meat is common cause of obstruction
Other food & foreign body may cause obstruction in
children and adults.
Alcohol elevated blood level
Elderly with dysphagia may be at risk
Air way obstruction may be
Partial /Mild
Patient choking but able to cough,
Low pitch sound during inhalation
Gaseous exchange is normal
Treatment: Do not interfere at this stage. Encourage the
victim to cough. If condition of the victim is worsening,
immediately interfere.
Complete / severe- It can be mild gradually or
severe from the start.
35. UNIVERSAL SIGN OF CHOKING
The victim clutches his
neck with the thumb &
index finger.
Inability to speak,
inability to cough.
High pitched sounds or
no sound during
inhalation
Increased difficulty to
breathe
Bluish skin color
(cyanosis)
36. ADULT CONSCIOUS CHOKING VICTIMS
Stand behind the adult/ child
victim. Try to release his/ her
hands clutching the neck and
wrap our arms around the
waist. Head should be bent
forward and slightly downward.
Apply the Heimlich maneuver
as described below.
Make a fist with one hand
and place the thumb side of
the fist against the victim’s
abdomen above the navel
and well below the xiphoid
process.
Grasp the fist with the other
hand exert a series of
inward upward thrusts until
the foreign body is expelled,
or the victim becomes
unconscious.
37. CHEST THRUSTS FOR
SPECIAL CASES
Chest thrusts should
be used in the
following conditions
Advanced stages of
pregnancy
Markedly obese victim
THE VICTIM BECOMES OR IS
FOUND UNCONSCIOUS
If the victim with FBAO
becomes unresponsive, the
rescuer should carefully
support the patient to the
ground , immediately
activate EMS , and then
begin CPR. Each time the
airway is opened during
CPR, the rescuer should look
for an object in the victim’s
mouth and remove it.
38. INFANT FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
CONSCIOUS CHOKING INFANT
Determine airway obstruction,
observe breathing difficulties.
If breathing difficulty
increases or persists or
breathing is absent perform
back slaps and chest thrusts.
Hold the infant in a prone
position, resting on your
forearm. Support the infant’s
head firmly by holding the
jaw. The rescuer’s forearm
should rest on / her thigh to
support the infant. Deliver
five back slaps forcefully
between the infant’s shoulder
blades, using the heel of the
hand.
39. Cont. INFANT FOREIGN BODY
AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
After delivering the back
slaps, turn the infant while
the head and neck are
firmly supported between
your hands, with the head
lower than trunk. Deliver
up to 5 quick chest thrusts
in the same location for
infant’s CPR. The series of
5 back slaps and 5 chest
thrusts should be continued
until the foreign is expelled
or infant becomes
unconscious.
40. WHEN THE INFANT BECOMES
OR FOUND UNCONSCIOUS
Call out “HELP” if others respond, activate
the EMS system.
Position the infant: keep the infant face up.
Immediately start CPR. For 5 cycles (2
minutes) then activate EMS if you are
alone.
Each time the airway is opened during CPR,
the rescuer should look for an object in the
victim’s mouth and remove it.
41. USE OF BARRRIER DEVICES
If breathing is not
present or is
inadequate, begin
rescue breathing by
giving two slow
ventilations using any
available barrier
device, e.g. Bag-
valve-mask, pocket
mask or face shield.
Be sure the proper size
of mask to provide a
good fitting to prevent
leakage during
ventilation.
42. HEALTH CARE
PROFESSIONAL
SHOULD NOT
PERFORM MOUTH
TO MOUTH
BREATHING. THE
USE OF A BARRIER
DEVICE IS HIGHLY
RECOMMENDED, E.G.
FACE SHIELD,
POCKET MASK OR
BAG VALVE MASK.
43. AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATION
(AED)
AED is recommended to be used in adults and children 1 year of age
and older.
Not recommended for infants below one year and neonates.
Indications: unresponsiveness, absence of breathing, absence of
detectable pulse.
Contra indications: responsiveness, presence of breathing,
presence of detectable pulse.
For sudden witnessed collapse in adult and child, use the AED once it
is available.
For un-witnessed cardiac arrest in the pre-hospital setting, use the
AED after 5 cycles of CPR (about 2 minutes)
The AED machine must be able to accurately and reliably recognise
paediatric shockable rhythms and be capable of delivering energy
dose.
Uses: for adult and children 1 year and above, anywhere,
Health care provider who holds valid certificate in BLS.
Most AEDs are equipped with small pads and means of reducing the
energy dose.
If child pads/ system is not available, adult's pads/system can be
used but paediatric pads can not be used for adults.
44. Cont. AED
Check for shockable rhythm only after completion of
5 cycles of CPR
If indicated for shocks deliver one single shock and
continue CPR.
TYPE OF WAVEFORM:
Monophasic Shock 360 Joules
biphasic truncated 150 – 200 Joules
No shock is indicated
Check for pulse and breathing. If breathing is adequate,
place the victim carefully in the recovery position.
If breathing and pulse not present, continue CPR.
(Reassessment of patient is carried out if recovery was
not achieved. CPR to continue for 2 minutes, recheck for
pulse and analyze for shockable rhythm and if required,
single shock and CPR 5 cycles to be continued.)
45. DEFIBRILLATION
It is the therapeutic use of kinetic energy in
the form of joules to be delivered to a
chaotic rhythm in the heart known as
ventricular fibrillation immediately using a
proper defibrillator by qualified ACLS
providers.
Physiologically the shock depolarizes the
myocardium, terminating ventricular
fibrillation or pulse less Ventricular
tachycardia allowing normal sinus electrical
activity to be restarted.
It is part of the chain of survival
46. Types of defibrillators
A manual machine which necessitates the
presence of certified physician to diagnose
and interpret the rhythm and properly use
the defibrillator to shock the patient. It has
two modes of delivering the shock:
asynchronized defibrillation and
synchronized cardioversion
AED has been introduced as an effective
DC. It has only a synchronized mode of
shock which allows paramedics, first
responders, public at large trained,
equipped with and authorized to use such
a device in pre- hospital setting.
47. PRECAUTIONS
Wet person or wet conditions
Excessive hair on the chest
Moving vehicle
Pacemaker and GTN patch
In presence of inflammable
anaesthetics or concentrated oxygen