This document discusses preventing falls, slips, and trips (FSTs) in the workplace. It notes that FSTs accounted for over $5 million in workers' compensation costs in Georgia in 2011 and were the leading cause of injuries. It identifies common causes of FSTs like wet or slippery surfaces, uneven walking areas, clutter, and poor lighting. The document provides guidance on prevention strategies like maintaining good housekeeping, wearing appropriate footwear, fixing hazards, and paying attention while walking. It emphasizes that FSTs can often be prevented through awareness of risks and applying basic safety practices.

1. Preventing Falls, Slips andPreventing Falls, Slips and
TripsTrips

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Falls/Slips/Trips (FSTs)
 You take hundreds of steps every day, but
how many of those steps do you take
seriously?
 Please take a few minutes to understand
how Falls/Slips/Trips happen.
 YOU CAN PREVENT needless and painful
injuries.
Falls/Slips/Trips accounted for over $5,485,000
of Georgia’s Workers’ Compensation Injury costs, and
over 25% of the total injuries for FY2011.

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State of Georgia Worker’s Compensation
Injuries FY2011, FY2012, FY2013

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State of Georgia FY2013
Total Injuries 6062, Lost time injuries 1304

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Injury Breakdown
Areas for
Improvement
FST’s Still the leading injury,
but some improvement.

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BOR Injury Totals
(last 5 years)

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Slip
Trip
Definition of FSTs
When your foot (or lower leg) hits
an object and your upper body
continues moving, throwing you
off balance.
Occurs when you are too far off
your center of balance..
When you step down unexpectedly to
a lower surface (Misstep) and lose
your balance, e.g., stepping off a
curb.
When there is too little friction or
traction between your feet (footwear)
and the walking or working surface,
and you lose your balance.
Trip
Definition of FST Friction: The resistance encountered when an object (foot) is moved in
contact with another (ground). Friction is necessary in order to walk without slipping.
Fall

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Slip-resistant
strips on steps
Skid-resistant coating on
ramp. Note highlighted
edges for better visibility
to prevent walking off
ramp and falling.
Fall-at-the-same-level
When you fall to the
surface you are
walking or standing on,
or fall into or against
objects at or above the
surface.
Two Types of Falls
Fall-to-lower-level
When you fall to a level
below the one on which
you are walking, working,
or standing.
• Steps or stairs
• Ladder
• Platform
• Loading dock
• Truck bed
For example:

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Can F/S/Ts be prevented?
• YES!
• We will discuss a few prevention strategies.
• Housekeeping, Footwear, Maintenance are the
main three issues to be addressed.
• HOWEVER, THE BIG #4 IS INATTENTION!
Do not text while walking or on stairs. Look
where you are walking. Use handrails while on
stairs.

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 Avoidance! Go around when
possible! The few seconds you
save will not make up for hours
of recovery from a fall.
 Weather conditions may cause
the floors to be wet. Use caution
at building entrances, parking
lots and walkways.
 Watch where you are stepping
and use caution on wet floors to
avoid slipping.
SLIP PreventionSLIP Prevention

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Causes of Slips
• Ramps and gang planks
without skid/slip-
resistant
surfaces
• Metal surfaces, such as
duckboards and dock
plates, platforms,
construction plates or
covers on sidewalks
and
roadsMetal has a lower force of friction/traction and can be more
slippery than many other materials. Metal surfaces can
become smooth and slippery with wear, and are extremely
slick when wet, muddy, or greasy.

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Causes of Slips
• Mounting and
dismounting trucks,
tractors, heavy
equipment, machinery
• Getting on and off truck
trailers & truck beds
• Climbing up and down
ladders
Metal rungs, steps, footholds, treads, running boards, platforms on
equipment and ladders become even slicker when worn, smooth and
contaminated with water, mud, oil, grease, dirt, and debris.

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Causes of Slips
• Loose, irregular surfaces, such as gravel
• Sloped or uneven terrain, sidewalks
• Muddy terrain
• Weather hazards: rain, sleet, ice, snow, hail, frost
• Leaves, pine needles, plant debris (especially if wet)

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TRIP PreventionTRIP Prevention
 Make sure that steps you use
often are in good shape and
that items (that do not belong
on the steps) are out of the
way.
 Use handrails when ascending
or descending stairs.
 Damaged steps or misplaced
items are major factors in
trips. Report any problems to
supervision or maintenance.

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Causes of Trips and Missteps
 Damaged steps
 Taller or shorter steps (varying
rise – only takes ¼ of an inch to
cause a trip)
 Shallower tread depth
 Otherwise irregular
Steep stairs (52-degree slope) with
tall steps. Note that it is also missing
a handrail on the left and a mid-rail
on the existing one.
Over 2.5 million falls on stairways result in about 2 million
disabling injuries yearly.

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Trips in Parking Lots and Garages
• speed bumps
• curbs
• wheelchair accessible
ramps
• driveways
Speed bumps
Unmarked elevation changes:Unmarked elevation changes:
Curbs
Wheelchair
accessible ramp

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FALL PreventionFALL Prevention
 Eliminate the hazard when
possible (i.e. broken chair,
unstable ladder, etc...).
 Practice good judgment - Don’t
lean back in chairs.
 DO NOT climb on chairs, unstable
shelving or tables.
 Make sure you can see your path
of travel.

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Housekeeping
▪ Close file cabinets or storage drawers
▪ Cover cables that cross walkways
▪ Keep work areas and walkways well lit
▪ Replace burned out bulbs
▪ AVOID using improper cleaning methods
(e.g., incorrectly using wax or polish; or
trying to clean up grease spill with water).

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Housekeeping DON’Ts…………
 Propping fire doors open.
 Storing materials in stairwells.
 Storing trash cans in front of
the doorway.
 Using cinderblocks to prop open
the doors.
Do………Do………
Report these dangers!Report these dangers!

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FOOTWEARFOOTWEAR
 Use good judgment with regard to
footwear while on duty.
 Be certain footwear is in good
condition and appropriate to your
job function and outside weather
conditions.
 Match the shoe to the hazards.
Use steel toes and steel soles
where necessary.

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Human Factors Increasing the Risk of
Slips And Trips
Footwear that may not be suitable for the environment
(reduced traction)
High heelsSlick smooth-
surfaced soles
Taps on
heels
Footwear

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Behaviors
• Behaviors – actions you choose and control can
contribute to a slip, trip, and fall injury if you set
yourself up for one.
• Carrying or moving cumbersome objects, or too
many objects that obstruct your view, impair your
balance and prevent you from holding onto
handrails.
• Inattentive Behavior: walking, distractions (e.g.,
using cell phone, talking and not watching where
you’re going, etc.).
• Taking shortcuts: not using walkways or designated,
cleared pathways, being in a hurry, rushing around.

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WHAT CAN YOU DO?WHAT CAN YOU DO?
 If something is creating a
potential fall, slip or trip hazard
fix it (clean it up; move it).
 Place signs or barricade to
warn others of the potential
hazard.
 If you cannot fix it, contact
building management so that
they are aware of the problem.

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Fall, Slip and Trip Hazard
PROBLEM
Slip: if it is wet outside and the mat is
folded back, then the floor is getting wet
instead of the mat absorbing the water.
Trip: the mat is folded back and someone
could catch their foot on the mat and trip.
Fall: both a wet floor and caught foot
could contribute to a fall.
FIX! Or Report this danger!FIX! Or Report this danger!

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Notify SupervisorNotify Supervisor
 Employees should immediately
report all work related injuries to
their supervisor.
 Report the unsafe conditions to
the property management to get
the problem fixed.
 Just a few items to think about
as we go through the day to
improve your Safety.
 ALWAYS Think Prevention!

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OTHER HAZARDSOTHER HAZARDS
 Prevent a potential injury by
cleaning up spills and wet floors.
 Keep aisles and walkways
clear of clutter or obstructions.
 Pick up objects and move
extension cords to eliminate
the potential for injury.
Secure loose rugs or mats.

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Other Factors
• Health and physical condition can impair a
person’s vision, judgment, and balance.
• Eyesight, visual perception
• Age
• Physical state, fatigue
• Stress, illness
• Medications, alcohol, drugs

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Risk Management Services
Contact Information
C. G. Lawrence, III, MS, CSP, REM, ARM-P
Chief Loss Control & Safety Officer
(404) 657-4457
Charles.Lawrence@doas.ga.gov
Questions?