A Base Transceiver Station (BTS) facilitates wireless communication between user equipment and networks. It encodes, encrypts, and modulates RF signals that are transmitted from antennas. A BTS consists of transceivers, antennas, rectifiers, Radio Remote Units (RRU), Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), GSM Transmission & Management Units (GTMU), Universal Main Processing & Transmission Units (UMPT), and Site Monitoring Units (SMU). The BTS communicates with mobile stations and Base Station Controllers.

1. Base Transceiver Station
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) is an equipment that facilitates wireless communication
between user equipment and a network. It encodes, encrypts, multiplexes, modulates
and feeds the RF signals to the antenna. It Communicates with Mobile station and BSC.
It is generally associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and
CDMA.

2. Base Transceiver Station
BTS (Base Transceiver Station) is composed of:
• Transceivers
• Antennas
• Rectifiers
• RRU (Radio Remote Unit)
• CPRI
• GTMU
• UMPT
• SMU (Site Monitoring Unit)

3. Base Transceiver Station
Transceivers :
• A transceiver does transmission and reception of signals.
• A device that both transmits and receives analog or digital signals.
• A transceiver contains both a transmitter and receiver.
RRU (Radio Remote Unit):
• RRU acts as a transceiver, it transmit and receive the user signals.
• Provides back to back support and connectivity between user equipment's like power, delay, etc.
• Control and process the EM signals received from the Antenna via Jumper
• RRU connects with Antenna via a jumper cable.
• RRU also knows and use as a data storage.

4. Base Transceiver Station
Rectifiers :
• A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) in to direct current (DC) and this
process is called rectification
• Rectifier circuit uses diodes to convert ac voltage to dc, its also called a converter circuit.
• It converts 220V to -48V, the whole BTS runs on -48V.
Antenna:
• An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric energy into radio waves.
• It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver.
• Antenna is used to transmit signals to other entity.
• Antenna is also performs modulation of signals.
• In BTS, mostly there is an electrical tilting(to set an angle or direction of an antenna).
• In BTS, Antenna and RRU connected via a jumper cable.

5. Base Transceiver Station
CPRI (Common Protocol Radio Interface) :
• CPRI is the bi-directional fiber optic link.
• CPRI connects RRU with GTMU (GSM Transmission & Management Unit) card and base station.
• CPRI is a interface protocol developed by combination of major telecom equipment's
manufacturing company.
GTMU (GSM Transmission & Management Unit):
• GTMU is a control card used for a 2G network in BTS.
• It provides the functions such as power distribution and surge protection.
SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable):
• SFP is a hot-pluggable transceiver that interfaces a network device motherboard such as switch,
router to a fiber optic.
• SFP transceivers performs data speed of 5GB per second or higher.
• It is design to support SONET, Gigabit Ethernet Fiber Channel etc.

6. Base Transceiver Station
UMPT (Universal Main Processing & Transmission Unit.):
• UMPT is a control card used for a 3G & 4G network in BTS.
• IT Performs OM functions, including configuration management, equipment
management, performance monitoring, signaling processing, and active/standby
switchover.
SMU (Site Monitoring Unit):
• SMU is a display used to manage and monitor BTS or a telecom power system.
• It provides man-machine interaction.
• It has a serial communication port and an Ethernet port to realize local and
remote monitoring.
• Performs comprehensive power management and battery management.