BAND STOP FILTER.pdf
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A band stop filter eliminates a band of frequencies by using a low-pass filter to allow only low frequencies and a high-pass filter to allow only high frequencies. The outputs of the low-pass and high-pass filters are amplified and summed to restrict signals in the stopband while allowing signals around it. Band stop filters are used in applications like Raman spectroscopy and live sound processing to affect only a narrow frequency range. They work in the opposite way of band-pass filters by rejecting frequencies in the stopband rather than passing them.
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Filters are frequency-selective circuits designed to pass some frequencies and reject others. There are five basic kinds of filter circuits: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop (band-reject), and all-pass filters. The cutoff frequency, which determines what frequencies are passed or rejected, depends on the circuit components like resistors and capacitors or inductors and capacitors. Common filter types include passive RC and RL filters as well as twin-T notch filters used to eliminate hum.
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The document discusses low-pass filters, which allow low frequencies to pass through but attenuate higher frequencies. It provides examples of low-pass filters in acoustics, electronics, and signal processing. It also describes ideal and real low-pass filters, different orders of filters, and discusses continuous-time and discrete-time realizations of low-pass filters.
Active filter
This document discusses active filters. It defines an active filter as one that uses active components like op-amps along with passive components. This allows active filters to have sharper responses and advantages over passive filters. It describes the different types of active filters - low pass, high pass, bandpass and bandstop - and discusses their frequency response characteristics. Specifically, it outlines the passband and stopband regions and how the gain transitions between these regions. It also covers topics like roll-off rates, filter order and poles.
Active filter
This document provides an overview of active filters, including their basic types and terminology. The four basic types of active filters are low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop (notch) filters. Key terms discussed include poles, order, Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Bessel filters. Circuit configurations for single-pole and two-pole (Sallen-Key) low-pass and high-pass filters are presented.
ACTIVE_FILTERS.pptx
This document discusses different types of filter responses including low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters. It defines key terms like passband, cutoff frequency, and quality factor. It also covers active filters, filter order, and different approximations for filter design including Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations. The Butterworth filter has a maximally flat passband while the Chebyshev filter trades off ripples in the passband for a steeper roll-off in the transition region.
Filters
This document defines and describes different types of electronic filters: high-pass filters pass signals above a cutoff frequency and attenuate lower frequencies; low-pass filters have the opposite effect, passing lower frequencies and attenuating higher ones. Band-pass filters only pass a certain frequency range, while band-stop filters attenuate a specific range but pass most other frequencies. All-pass filters maintain equal gain across all frequencies but change the phase relationship between frequencies.
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- 1. Band Stop Filter Design Definition: • Eliminate band of frequencies • Restricts frequencies inside the stopband • Allow frequencies around stopband. • Passes most frequencies unaltered • Lessens high frequencies
- 2. Construction Consists of: Low-Pass Filter Allows only low frequencies High-Pass Filter Allows only high frequencies Amplifier, Op-amp and BJT Amplify signals from low-pass and high-pass filters
- 3. Scope: Narrow score filters are utilized in : Raman spectroscopy Live sound proliferation Instrument enhancers Affecting the remainder of the recurrence range Different names incorporate : band limit filter T-indent filter band-end filter band-reject filter
- 4. Comparison with other filters Band Stop Filter Other filters make the frequencies they yield A band-pass filter admits frequencies within a given band, rejecting frequencies below it and above it The band-pass filters flows the high-pass and low-pass filters in series Other Filters They basically weaken the frequencies in the passband A stop-band filter does the reverse, rejecting frequencies within the band and letting through frequencies outside it The band stop filter involves the high-pass and low-pass filters in equal
- 5. Band Stop Filter Characteristics • two passing bands and one stop band • features are diametrically opposed to those of the Band Pass • parallel connection of a high pass filter and an occasional pass filter • The low frequency assigned to the low pass filter • The high frequency assigned to the high pass filter • At extremely high and extremely low frequencies, the band stop filter circuit behaves like an open circuit • At intermediate frequencies, the circuit behaves like a short circuit.
- 6. Calculations: Finding RLP from the Low pass filter using formula: Finding RHP from the High pass filter using formula:
- 8. Design Components Figure 1: Band Stop Filter Circuit The transformation of filter in figure 1 is implemented using: • A single low pass circuit • A high pass filter circuits • That are isolated from each other by non-inverting voltage follower • Output from these two filter circuits is then summed using a third operational amplifier connected as a voltage summer (adder) Components used in building the Figure 1 and their values:
- 9. Graphs showing the magnitude and the part vs frequency of a particular network created with the ALICE desktop software suite . Graph:
- 10. Conclusion: • The Band Stop Filter consists of two pass bands and one stop band • It uses a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter that is connected in parallel • The lower and upper cut off frequencies of the filter depend on the design of the filter. • The bandwidth of the filter is nothing but a bandwidth filter • When the Q factor is high the width of the notch response is small • This is very popular in communication circuits
- 11. Thank You