Ball Mill.pptx
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The document discusses modes of size reduction and ball mills. It describes four main modes of size reduction: cutting, compression, impact, and attrition. Ball mills are versatile machines that use both impact and attrition to reduce materials to particles between 10 to 400 micrometers. They consist of a horizontal cylinder filled with balls that crush the drug material placed inside. Ball mills are commonly used to reduce pharmaceutical materials due to their ability to produce fine particles while operating in an enclosed system with reduced dust.
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Hammer mill.pptx
This document summarizes the mechanism of size reduction using a hammer mill. It operates using the principle of impact, with hammers fitted horizontally or vertically that rotate at high speeds of 8,000-15,000 rpm. Materials are crushed when they impact the rotating hammers. Particle sizes obtained are typically 10-400mm. Hammer mills are versatile, occupy small spaces, and allow for closed systems to reduce dust. However, they can generate heat and screens may become clogged. Ball mills also use impact and attrition for size reduction and consist of a horizontal cylinder containing balls.
ROllER MILL.pptx
This document discusses size reduction and roller mills. It introduces size reduction as reducing large solid masses into smaller particles through comminution, and that it can be achieved through precipitation or mechanical processes. The objectives of size reduction are then outlined, such as improving appearance, increasing surface area, and facilitating absorption. It also discusses different modes of size reduction like cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Finally, the document describes how a roller mill works through stress and attrition between two cylindrical rollers, with one driven by a motor and the other running freely, in order to crush and crack materials like seeds before oil extraction.
Mechanism of size reduction.pptx
Mechanism of SIZE Reduction can occur via precipitation processes, mechanical processes, or different modes of size reduction. Precipitation involves dissolving a substance in a solvent and then precipitating it out finely with another miscible solvent where the substance is insoluble. Mechanical processes use grinding equipment like ball mills or roller mills under dry or wet conditions to produce materials for tablets, capsules, suspensions, or ointments. The main modes of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, and attrition which break down materials using blades, pressure between rollers, high speed hammers or bars, or rubbing between surfaces.
Cutter mill.pptx
This document discusses size reduction and classification of cutter mills. Size reduction is reducing large solids into smaller particles through mechanical or precipitation processes. Mechanical size reduction uses grinding equipment like cutter mills. A cutter mill uses a rotating disc with knives to cut material as it passes between the rotating and stationary knives. It is used to reduce tough fibrous materials. Cutter mills have three basic components - a hopper, rotor and stator, and discharge chute. Size reduction equipment is classified into crushers, grinders including impact, rolling compression, attrition and tumbling mills, ultrafine grinders, and cutting machines like cutter mills. Size reduction improves properties like appearance, stability, mixing and facilitates processes like
FLUID ENERGY MILL.pptx
The document discusses three main modes of size reduction: cutting, compression, and impact. Cutting involves using sharp blades to cut fibrous and waxy materials, like in a cutter mill. Compression crushes soft materials between rollers through applied pressure, as in a roller mill. Impact involves high-speed hammers or bars splitting materials apart on impact, making it suitable for all drugs. Examples of impact mills are fluid energy mills and ball mills. Attrition breaks down brittle drugs through rubbing action between surfaces, as also seen in fluid energy and ball mills.
Size reduction
The document discusses various methods of size reduction used in pharmaceutical processing. It describes the objectives, principles, construction and working of common size reduction equipment such as hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. Size reduction is achieved through mechanisms like cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Factors like speed, material properties, and construction of the equipment affect the efficiency of size reduction. The summary provides an overview of the key information covered in the document.
Size reduction, process of size reduction, size reduction a topic of pharmac...
Size reduction, process of size reduction, size reduction a topic of pharmaceutics, cutter mill, roller mill, hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, the disintegrator, mills used in pharmaceutical process
Size Reducation
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses - vegetables or chemical substances into small unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
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Hammer mill.pptx
This document summarizes the mechanism of size reduction using a hammer mill. It operates using the principle of impact, with hammers fitted horizontally or vertically that rotate at high speeds of 8,000-15,000 rpm. Materials are crushed when they impact the rotating hammers. Particle sizes obtained are typically 10-400mm. Hammer mills are versatile, occupy small spaces, and allow for closed systems to reduce dust. However, they can generate heat and screens may become clogged. Ball mills also use impact and attrition for size reduction and consist of a horizontal cylinder containing balls.
ROllER MILL.pptx
This document discusses size reduction and roller mills. It introduces size reduction as reducing large solid masses into smaller particles through comminution, and that it can be achieved through precipitation or mechanical processes. The objectives of size reduction are then outlined, such as improving appearance, increasing surface area, and facilitating absorption. It also discusses different modes of size reduction like cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Finally, the document describes how a roller mill works through stress and attrition between two cylindrical rollers, with one driven by a motor and the other running freely, in order to crush and crack materials like seeds before oil extraction.
Mechanism of size reduction.pptx
Mechanism of SIZE Reduction can occur via precipitation processes, mechanical processes, or different modes of size reduction. Precipitation involves dissolving a substance in a solvent and then precipitating it out finely with another miscible solvent where the substance is insoluble. Mechanical processes use grinding equipment like ball mills or roller mills under dry or wet conditions to produce materials for tablets, capsules, suspensions, or ointments. The main modes of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, and attrition which break down materials using blades, pressure between rollers, high speed hammers or bars, or rubbing between surfaces.
Cutter mill.pptx
This document discusses size reduction and classification of cutter mills. Size reduction is reducing large solids into smaller particles through mechanical or precipitation processes. Mechanical size reduction uses grinding equipment like cutter mills. A cutter mill uses a rotating disc with knives to cut material as it passes between the rotating and stationary knives. It is used to reduce tough fibrous materials. Cutter mills have three basic components - a hopper, rotor and stator, and discharge chute. Size reduction equipment is classified into crushers, grinders including impact, rolling compression, attrition and tumbling mills, ultrafine grinders, and cutting machines like cutter mills. Size reduction improves properties like appearance, stability, mixing and facilitates processes like
FLUID ENERGY MILL.pptx
The document discusses three main modes of size reduction: cutting, compression, and impact. Cutting involves using sharp blades to cut fibrous and waxy materials, like in a cutter mill. Compression crushes soft materials between rollers through applied pressure, as in a roller mill. Impact involves high-speed hammers or bars splitting materials apart on impact, making it suitable for all drugs. Examples of impact mills are fluid energy mills and ball mills. Attrition breaks down brittle drugs through rubbing action between surfaces, as also seen in fluid energy and ball mills.
Size reduction
The document discusses various methods of size reduction used in pharmaceutical processing. It describes the objectives, principles, construction and working of common size reduction equipment such as hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. Size reduction is achieved through mechanisms like cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Factors like speed, material properties, and construction of the equipment affect the efficiency of size reduction. The summary provides an overview of the key information covered in the document.
Size reduction, process of size reduction, size reduction a topic of pharmac...
Size reduction, process of size reduction, size reduction a topic of pharmaceutics, cutter mill, roller mill, hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, the disintegrator, mills used in pharmaceutical process
Size Reducation
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses - vegetables or chemical substances into small unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction
Size reduction is important in pharmacy for several reasons: it increases uniformity, impalpability, spreading, and stability. However, excessive size reduction can change polymorphic form, cause degradation through heat, and reduce flowability. The main mechanisms of size reduction are compression, impact, shear, and attrition. Common equipment for size reduction include hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, and colloid mills. Hammer mills are suitable for intermediate crushing while ball mills are used for fine crushing. Fluid energy mills can produce ultra-fine particles without heat buildup. Colloid mills apply high shear to reduce particle sizes in suspensions and emulsions.
Size reduction f copy
Size reduction is the process of reducing the particle size of a substance through mechanical means like grinding or milling. It has several objectives like increasing surface area, improving mixability and compressibility. Factors like hardness, toughness, abrasiveness affect size reduction. Common mechanisms are cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Equipment used include colloid mill, hammer mill, ball mill and jet mill which work on different principles to produce fine particles.
sizereduction-191227021215 (1).pptx
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles. There are various mechanisms for size reduction including cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and combinations of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, such as hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. The energy required for size reduction depends on factors like the material hardness, toughness, stickiness, softening temperature, and moisture content. Laws like Rittinger's law, Kick's law, and Bond's law can predict the energy requirements.
sizereduction-191227021215.pdf
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, including hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. The energy required for size reduction depends on factors like the material hardness, toughness, stickiness, and moisture content. Proper mill selection and operation are necessary to efficiently reduce particle sizes.
Size reduction
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, including hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. Factors like hardness, toughness, stickiness, softening temperature, and moisture content affect how easily a material can undergo size reduction. Laws of Rittinger, Kick, and Bond govern the energy requirements for size reduction.
size reduction (2) (1).pptx
The document discusses various size reduction techniques used in pharmaceutical industries. Size reduction is done to increase surface area, improve dissolution and help in uniform mixing. It can be achieved through mechanisms like impact, compression, cutting and attrition. Milling equipment discussed include hammer mill, ball mill, edge runner mill and end runner mill. Hammer mill uses impact between hammers and material. Ball mill works on impact and attrition of balls and material. Edge runner mill utilizes crushing between heavy rollers. End runner mill employs crushing by a heavy pestle. Fluid energy mill operates on impact and attrition of particles in a high speed air stream. Proper mill selection depends on material properties and desired particle size.
Sem 3 size reduction
Introduction
Objectives
Methods of size reduction
Advantages of size reduction
Disadvantages of size reduction
Mechanism of size reduction
Laws governing to the size reduction
Principle of Size Reduction, Construction, working and uses of following-
Hammer mill
Ball mill
Fluid Energy Mill
Edge Runner Mill
End Runner Mill
ROHIT SIZE REDUCTION.pdf
Size reduction is the process of reducing large solid masses into smaller particles through mechanical means like impact, compression, cutting, or attrition. The objectives are to increase surface area, improve therapeutic effectiveness, produce uniform mixtures, and reduce sedimentation in suspensions. Common size reduction equipment used in pharmaceutical industries include hammer mills, ball mills, edge runner mills, end runner mills, and fluid energy mills which operate based on different mechanisms like impact, compression, cutting or attrition. Key factors affecting size reduction are material properties like hardness, moisture content, and melting point.
FLUID ENERGY MILL II PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING II BP - 304T II
This Presentation Describes the Principles, Construction, Working, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Pharmaceutical Uses of a Fluid Energy Mill.
The mill in which the materials are disintegrated by collision of a particle with a particle, a stationary target or a wall of the containing chamber.
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Hammer Mills.pptx
Hammer mills are machines that use hammers attached to a shaft to break materials into smaller pieces through impact. Materials enter the crushing chamber and are struck by hammers rotating at high speeds, typically 2000-6000 rpm. The material is crushed by hammer impact, collisions with chamber walls, and particle-to-particle impact. Crushed material passes through a screen that separates fine material from coarser pieces. Screen size, shaft speed, and hammer configuration determine the quality of the final product. Hammer mills are commonly used to grind foods, chemicals, and other materials in applications such as powder production, food processing, and enhancing ingredient activity.
Size Reduction.pdf
Size reduction is the process of reducing large substances into smaller particles through grinding, cutting, or emulsification. For pharmaceutical purposes, nano-sized particles are optimal. The objectives of size reduction include increasing surface area and absorption. Factors like hardness, toughness, and softening temperature affect the size reduction process. Common size reduction equipment includes fluid energy mills, ball mills, edge runner mills, end runner mills, and hammer mills. Each uses mechanisms like impact, attrition, shearing, or a combination to break down materials. Key considerations are achieving the desired particle size while avoiding contamination or decomposition from heat.
1 Particle-size reduction & separation .pdf
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Size reduction ppt
The document discusses size reduction techniques. It defines size reduction as reducing substances to smaller particles through mechanical means like milling. The objectives of size reduction include improving drug dissolution and absorption. Size reduction is achieved through mechanisms like cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Factors that affect size reduction include the material properties, product requirements, and safety and economic considerations. Common equipment for size reduction discussed are hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills.
Particle Size reduction
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses - vegetables or chemical substances into small unit masses, coarse particles, or fine particles. Size reduction is commonly employed in pharmaceutical industries. The size reduction process is also referred to as Comminution and Grinding.
1. Size reduction.ppt
This document discusses size reduction, also known as milling, comminution, crushing, or grinding. It is the process of reducing materials to smaller pieces or powders through mechanical means. The objectives and factors affecting size reduction are described. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Several types of mills used for size reduction are also outlined, including their operation, uses, advantages, and disadvantages.
PARTICLE SIZE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction may be achieved by two methods:
1] Precipitation
2] Mechanical process
1] Precipitation method: Substance is dissolve in appropriate solvent.
2] Mechanical process: Mechanical force is introduce by using different equipments like ball mill, colloid mill etc.
SIZE REDUCTION.pdf
Size reduction is an important process in pharmaceutical industries that reduces the size of raw materials through mechanical means such as impact, compression, cutting, and attrition. The objectives of size reduction include increasing surface area and therapeutic effectiveness, producing particles of a narrow size range to improve mixing and flow properties, and reducing sedimentation in suspensions. Common size reduction mills described in the document include hammer mills, ball mills, edge runner mills, end runner mills, and fluid energy mills, which vary in their mechanisms and suitability for different materials.
Size reduction
Size reduction, or comminution, is the process of reducing substances into smaller pieces or fine powder. It increases the surface area, allowing for faster dissolution and extraction of active constituents. The degree of size reduction depends on factors like the drug's hardness, solvent used, and extraction process. Various size reduction methods include cutting, compression, impact, and attrition. Common mills are the cutter mill, roller mill, hammer mill, ball mill, and fluid energy mill. Levigation involves wet grinding while elutriation separates fine and coarse particles.
Size reduction- Advantages, factors affecting, hammer mill, ball mill
Size reduction is the process of reducing large solid units into smaller particles through mechanical or precipitation methods. It provides benefits like improved content uniformity, flow, extraction, drying, stability, dissolution, and absorption. Factors like hardness, moisture content, and required purity affect size reduction. Common size reduction equipment includes hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, and edge/end runner mills which employ mechanisms like cutting, compression, impact, and attrition. The energy required for size reduction is related to properties of the material and the surface area change according to theories by Rittinger, Bond, and Kick.
size reduction.pptx
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. It has several objectives like increasing surface area, separating constituents, improving handling, and facilitating mixing. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, impact, compression, attrition, and combined impact and attrition. Several types of mills are used for size reduction including cutter mills, roller mills, hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, and edge runner mills. Factors like hardness, moisture content, and ratio of feed size influence size reduction effectiveness.
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Size reduction
Size reduction is important in pharmacy for several reasons: it increases uniformity, impalpability, spreading, and stability. However, excessive size reduction can change polymorphic form, cause degradation through heat, and reduce flowability. The main mechanisms of size reduction are compression, impact, shear, and attrition. Common equipment for size reduction include hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, and colloid mills. Hammer mills are suitable for intermediate crushing while ball mills are used for fine crushing. Fluid energy mills can produce ultra-fine particles without heat buildup. Colloid mills apply high shear to reduce particle sizes in suspensions and emulsions.
Size reduction f copy
Size reduction is the process of reducing the particle size of a substance through mechanical means like grinding or milling. It has several objectives like increasing surface area, improving mixability and compressibility. Factors like hardness, toughness, abrasiveness affect size reduction. Common mechanisms are cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Equipment used include colloid mill, hammer mill, ball mill and jet mill which work on different principles to produce fine particles.
sizereduction-191227021215 (1).pptx
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles. There are various mechanisms for size reduction including cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and combinations of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, such as hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. The energy required for size reduction depends on factors like the material hardness, toughness, stickiness, softening temperature, and moisture content. Laws like Rittinger's law, Kick's law, and Bond's law can predict the energy requirements.
sizereduction-191227021215.pdf
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, including hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. The energy required for size reduction depends on factors like the material hardness, toughness, stickiness, and moisture content. Proper mill selection and operation are necessary to efficiently reduce particle sizes.
Size reduction
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Different types of mills use these mechanisms, including hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills. Factors like hardness, toughness, stickiness, softening temperature, and moisture content affect how easily a material can undergo size reduction. Laws of Rittinger, Kick, and Bond govern the energy requirements for size reduction.
size reduction (2) (1).pptx
The document discusses various size reduction techniques used in pharmaceutical industries. Size reduction is done to increase surface area, improve dissolution and help in uniform mixing. It can be achieved through mechanisms like impact, compression, cutting and attrition. Milling equipment discussed include hammer mill, ball mill, edge runner mill and end runner mill. Hammer mill uses impact between hammers and material. Ball mill works on impact and attrition of balls and material. Edge runner mill utilizes crushing between heavy rollers. End runner mill employs crushing by a heavy pestle. Fluid energy mill operates on impact and attrition of particles in a high speed air stream. Proper mill selection depends on material properties and desired particle size.
Sem 3 size reduction
Introduction
Objectives
Methods of size reduction
Advantages of size reduction
Disadvantages of size reduction
Mechanism of size reduction
Laws governing to the size reduction
Principle of Size Reduction, Construction, working and uses of following-
Hammer mill
Ball mill
Fluid Energy Mill
Edge Runner Mill
End Runner Mill
ROHIT SIZE REDUCTION.pdf
Size reduction is the process of reducing large solid masses into smaller particles through mechanical means like impact, compression, cutting, or attrition. The objectives are to increase surface area, improve therapeutic effectiveness, produce uniform mixtures, and reduce sedimentation in suspensions. Common size reduction equipment used in pharmaceutical industries include hammer mills, ball mills, edge runner mills, end runner mills, and fluid energy mills which operate based on different mechanisms like impact, compression, cutting or attrition. Key factors affecting size reduction are material properties like hardness, moisture content, and melting point.
FLUID ENERGY MILL II PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING II BP - 304T II
This Presentation Describes the Principles, Construction, Working, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Pharmaceutical Uses of a Fluid Energy Mill.
The mill in which the materials are disintegrated by collision of a particle with a particle, a stationary target or a wall of the containing chamber.
The collision energy is generated by a high-speed jet flow.
Hammer Mills.pptx
Hammer mills are machines that use hammers attached to a shaft to break materials into smaller pieces through impact. Materials enter the crushing chamber and are struck by hammers rotating at high speeds, typically 2000-6000 rpm. The material is crushed by hammer impact, collisions with chamber walls, and particle-to-particle impact. Crushed material passes through a screen that separates fine material from coarser pieces. Screen size, shaft speed, and hammer configuration determine the quality of the final product. Hammer mills are commonly used to grind foods, chemicals, and other materials in applications such as powder production, food processing, and enhancing ingredient activity.
Size Reduction.pdf
Size reduction is the process of reducing large substances into smaller particles through grinding, cutting, or emulsification. For pharmaceutical purposes, nano-sized particles are optimal. The objectives of size reduction include increasing surface area and absorption. Factors like hardness, toughness, and softening temperature affect the size reduction process. Common size reduction equipment includes fluid energy mills, ball mills, edge runner mills, end runner mills, and hammer mills. Each uses mechanisms like impact, attrition, shearing, or a combination to break down materials. Key considerations are achieving the desired particle size while avoiding contamination or decomposition from heat.
1 Particle-size reduction & separation .pdf
fewy rtejdn ety45rhy GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASVSVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRREEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE
Size reduction ppt
The document discusses size reduction techniques. It defines size reduction as reducing substances to smaller particles through mechanical means like milling. The objectives of size reduction include improving drug dissolution and absorption. Size reduction is achieved through mechanisms like cutting, compression, impact and attrition. Factors that affect size reduction include the material properties, product requirements, and safety and economic considerations. Common equipment for size reduction discussed are hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, edge runner mills, and end runner mills.
Particle Size reduction
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses - vegetables or chemical substances into small unit masses, coarse particles, or fine particles. Size reduction is commonly employed in pharmaceutical industries. The size reduction process is also referred to as Comminution and Grinding.
1. Size reduction.ppt
This document discusses size reduction, also known as milling, comminution, crushing, or grinding. It is the process of reducing materials to smaller pieces or powders through mechanical means. The objectives and factors affecting size reduction are described. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, compression, impact, attrition, and a combination of impact and attrition. Several types of mills used for size reduction are also outlined, including their operation, uses, advantages, and disadvantages.
PARTICLE SIZE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction may be achieved by two methods:
1] Precipitation
2] Mechanical process
1] Precipitation method: Substance is dissolve in appropriate solvent.
2] Mechanical process: Mechanical force is introduce by using different equipments like ball mill, colloid mill etc.
SIZE REDUCTION.pdf
Size reduction is an important process in pharmaceutical industries that reduces the size of raw materials through mechanical means such as impact, compression, cutting, and attrition. The objectives of size reduction include increasing surface area and therapeutic effectiveness, producing particles of a narrow size range to improve mixing and flow properties, and reducing sedimentation in suspensions. Common size reduction mills described in the document include hammer mills, ball mills, edge runner mills, end runner mills, and fluid energy mills, which vary in their mechanisms and suitability for different materials.
Size reduction
Size reduction, or comminution, is the process of reducing substances into smaller pieces or fine powder. It increases the surface area, allowing for faster dissolution and extraction of active constituents. The degree of size reduction depends on factors like the drug's hardness, solvent used, and extraction process. Various size reduction methods include cutting, compression, impact, and attrition. Common mills are the cutter mill, roller mill, hammer mill, ball mill, and fluid energy mill. Levigation involves wet grinding while elutriation separates fine and coarse particles.
Size reduction- Advantages, factors affecting, hammer mill, ball mill
Size reduction is the process of reducing large solid units into smaller particles through mechanical or precipitation methods. It provides benefits like improved content uniformity, flow, extraction, drying, stability, dissolution, and absorption. Factors like hardness, moisture content, and required purity affect size reduction. Common size reduction equipment includes hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, and edge/end runner mills which employ mechanisms like cutting, compression, impact, and attrition. The energy required for size reduction is related to properties of the material and the surface area change according to theories by Rittinger, Bond, and Kick.
size reduction.pptx
Size reduction is the process of reducing larger particles into smaller particles using external forces. It has several objectives like increasing surface area, separating constituents, improving handling, and facilitating mixing. The key mechanisms of size reduction are cutting, impact, compression, attrition, and combined impact and attrition. Several types of mills are used for size reduction including cutter mills, roller mills, hammer mills, ball mills, fluid energy mills, and edge runner mills. Factors like hardness, moisture content, and ratio of feed size influence size reduction effectiveness.
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FLUID ENERGY MILL II PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING II BP - 304T II
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Quality by Design (QBD) is a systematic approach to pharmaceutical development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and control based on sound science and quality risk management. It provides benefits like less validation burden, better product design, fewer manufacturing problems, enabling continuous improvement, and lower costs. The key elements of QBD include its definition, benefits, and components like defining objectives, understanding variability, and setting in-process controls.
Total quality management
Total quality management (TQM) is defined as an integrated organizational effort to improve quality at every level based on key principles: focusing on customers, continuous improvement, teamwork and mutual respect, and producing quality work the first time. TQM is characterized by process improvements, measuring processes, flexible production, and an open organization. Benefits of TQM include improved teamwork, quality, productivity, and profitability. Seven gurus contributed to the development of TQM, including Deming who proposed the PDCA cycle and Juran who developed the concept of quality trilogy.
TQM Benefits and Gurus.pptx
Total quality management (TQM) aims to improve quality at all levels through an integrated organizational effort. The main TQM principles are focusing on customers, continuous improvement, teamwork, and producing quality work. TQM is characterized by process improvements, measuring processes, flexible production, and an open organization. Benefits of TQM include improved teamwork, quality, productivity, and profitability. The seven gurus of TQM who developed key concepts include Walter Shewhart, W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran, Armand Feigenbaum, Philip Crosby, Genichi Taguchi, and Kaoru Ishikawa.
TQM Advantages & disadvantages.pptx
Total quality management (TQM) aims to improve quality at all levels through an integrated organizational effort focused on customer satisfaction. Key elements of TQM include focusing on the customer, employee involvement, and continuous improvement. Some advantages of TQM are improved quality, employee participation, teamwork, and better working relationships, while disadvantages can include initial introduction costs and worker resistance to change. TQM is important in the pharmaceutical industry for ensuring quality in areas like handling, storage, packaging, facilities, equipment, and sterile areas.
ICH goals and process.pptx
The document discusses the goals and process of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). The ICH aims to harmonize technical requirements for pharmaceutical registration across regions to increase efficiency and access to new medicines while maintaining quality and safety. The ICH process involves developing guidelines through formal procedures, answering questions, revising existing guidelines, and maintaining established standards.
Introduction to ICH.pptx
The document introduces the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), which aims to harmonize technical requirements for pharmaceutical registration across regions to increase consistency, make more efficient use of resources, and help develop new medicines while maintaining safety and effectiveness. ICH seeks to standardize guidelines and registration processes for drugs to reduce costs and better meet public health needs.
Mixing.pptx
The document discusses mixing in the context of pharmaceutical production. It outlines that the main objective of mixing is to produce a bulk mixture that, when divided into doses, ensures each dose contains the correct proportions. It notes mixing is a critical intermediate step for tablets and capsules. The document also lists factors that affect mixing and different mechanisms for solid, liquid, and semisolid mixing. Specifically, it explains solid mixing involves convective, shear, and diffusive mechanisms while liquid mixing uses bulk transport, turbulent flow, laminar flow, and molecular diffusion.
Freeze dryer.pptx
Freeze drying, or lyophilisation, is a process that converts solutions or suspensions into solids for storage and distribution. It works by sublimating a material, changing it directly from a solid to a gas, below the triple point. Key components of a freeze dryer include a drying chamber, heating elements, a vapor condensing system, and a vacuum pump. Freeze drying has advantages like preserving heat-sensitive materials and proteins without denaturation. However, it is an expensive and slow process limited to specific valuable products.
Vacuum dryer
The document describes a vacuum dryer used to dry heat sensitive and hygroscopic materials. It works by reducing chamber pressure below water vapor pressure through a vacuum pump, allowing water to boil and evaporate faster. Trays inside the hollow oven increase surface area for heat conduction. Materials are dried at 25-30°C as water vapor is evaporated under vacuum and condenses before being collected.
FLUIDIZED BED DRYER
The document summarizes a fluidized bed dryer. It works by fluidizing wet solid particles using hot air forced through a perforated bed from the bottom. The dryer is made of stainless steel or plastic with a detachable bowl for charging and discharging materials. Hot air is circulated through the bed to dry particles completely before exiting through bag filters. It allows for continuous, rapid drying at a constant rate with high efficiency and capacity compared to other dryers. Pharmaceutical uses include drying granules for tablet production and granule coating.
SPRAY DRYER
Spray drying is an industrial process that transforms a liquid feed containing dissolved or dispersed solids into a spray of small droplets that are exposed to hot air to be dried. It allows for effective control of product quality and properties during continuous high-tonnage production. While spray dryers are bulky and expensive, they permit thermolabile pharmaceuticals to be dried at low temperature and are used to dry products like penicillin, enzymes, and vaccines.
Drum Dryer
The document describes a drum dryer, which consists of one or two horizontally mounted hollow cylinders or drums that are heated internally by steam and rotated. Liquid or slurry is spread as a film onto the heated, rotating drum surface where it dries rapidly via conduction and steam heating. The dried material is then scraped off and collected while the drum continues rotating. Drum drying allows for rapid drying of thermosensitive materials in a compact system, though it requires careful control of processing parameters and has high maintenance costs.
tray drayer.pptx
The tray dryer uses forced hot air convection to remove moisture from solids placed on stainless steel trays. It has double-walled insulation and doors with gaskets. Hot air is blown through the chamber at 2-5 meters per second to evaporate water from the surface of the solids on each tray, which are loaded and unloaded batch-wise. Tray dryers are efficient, require little labor, and are available with capacities from 6 to 192 trays.
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- 1. TOPIC: Modes of SIZE Reduction & Ball Mill PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING Prepared by kashish Wilson Assistant Professor, MM College of Pharmacy, MM(DU),Mullana Ambala
- 2. Modes of size reduction: Cutting: The material is cut by means of a sharp blades Eg : cutter mill Compression: In this mode material is crushed between roller by the application of pressure Eg : roller mill Impact: This involve the operation of hammer/bars at high speeds. When a lump of material strikes the rotating hammers, the material splits apart. Eg : fluid energy mill Attrition: breaking down by the rubbing action between two surfaces. Eg : fluid energy mill, ball mill
- 3. Uses: Obtained particle size is 10 to 400mm. Used to mill dry materials, ointment, filter press cakes. Advantages: It is versatile, occupies small space. Operation in close system,dust can be reduced Easy to setup and scale up. Disadvantages: Screens may get clogged. More heat is generated. Not to mill sticky, fibrous, hard materials Ball mill : Principle: In the ball mill, Impact or attrition or both are responsible for the size reduction. Construction: consists of horizontal cylinder containing balls that occupy 30 to 50% of the mill volume. Working: The drug is placed upto 60% of volume.
- 4. Ball mill : Principle: In the ball mill, Impact or attrition or both are responsible for the size reduction. Construction: consists of horizontal cylinder containing balls that occupy 30 to 50% of the mill volume. Working: The drug is placed upto 60% of volume.
- 5. Thank you