The document discusses pavement maintenance practices on the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway in Bangladesh. It outlines the objectives of studying existing road deterioration patterns, categorizing damages, and comparing Bangladesh's maintenance methods to other countries. It also provides details on the geographical location and 4-laning project of the highway. Furthermore, it describes various pavement defects such as cracking, rutting, and potholes. Standards and procedures for routine maintenance activities like crack filling, patching, and surface treatments are presented.
The document discusses pavement maintenance practices on the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway in Bangladesh. It provides background on the highway, which is a vital transportation route connecting Dhaka and Chittagong, the largest port city. The study evaluates the surface condition of 20 segments of the highway using the Roads and Highways Department's visual assessment method. Common maintenance techniques used on the highway include double bituminous surface treatment and asphalt overlays. The findings indicate that segments experience deterioration due to heavy commercial vehicle traffic, requiring reconstruction or resurfacing every 3-5 years. The 4-laning expansion project aims to improve the highway to support increasing traffic volumes.
This document discusses various types of traffic studies that are carried out to analyze traffic characteristics. It describes traffic volume studies, which measure the quantity of vehicles crossing a road section over time. Speed studies measure vehicle speeds, and origin-destination studies determine where vehicles are coming from and going to. Other studies discussed include traffic capacity, which analyzes volume and density; parking; and accident studies, which examine accident causes. Automatic and manual methods are described for collecting traffic data.
Porous asphalt pavement is one alternative solution to the problem of stormwater drainage from parking and other low traffic density areas.PA used in place of traditional impervious paving materials decreases the total amount of runoff leaving a site, promotes infiltration of runoff into the ground, reduces the amount of pollutants carried to a storm drain or waterway, and aids with reducing peak runoff velocity and volume.
The document discusses various aspects of road design and construction including:
1. Road categories and hierarchy such as expressways, federal roads, state roads, and urban/rural area roads.
2. Factors that govern road alignment including obligatory points, geometric design, precautions at river/railway crossings, and topographical considerations.
3. Elements of geometric design for roads including sight distance, horizontal and vertical alignment, pavement design, and intersection design.
4. Components of a flexible pavement cross-section and the functions of the different layers.
5. Importance of drainage in road construction and different drainage system components.
6. Typical stages of road construction including earthworks, pavement/drain
This document discusses different types of traffic speed studies including spot speed studies, travel time studies, and speed delay studies. It then provides details on specific objectives, scope, and methods of conducting traffic speed studies. The document presents data from a traffic speed study conducted at two intersections in Dhaka, including spot speeds, histograms, frequency and cumulative frequency curves. It analyzes the data to determine weighted average speed, pace, modal speed and compares time mean speed to space mean speed based on the Wardrop relationship. Finally, it calculates delay time, value of travel time and vehicle operating costs.
Presentation on Summer internship on Road ConstructionSelf-employed
This is an presentation on training in LODHA Palava, In this internship, I learned about an overview of the road construction which I mentioned in this presentation.
This document provides guidelines for the design of highway pavements in India. It discusses different types of pavements, including flexible and rigid pavements. For rigid pavement design, it outlines factors like traffic, climate, materials properties. It describes the components and types of joints in concrete roads. For flexible pavement design, it discusses the group index and CBR methods, which consider soil properties and traffic volumes to determine layer thicknesses. The document provides details on mix design methods for bituminous concrete like Marshall and Hveem.
The document discusses pavement maintenance practices on the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway in Bangladesh. It provides background on the highway, which is a vital transportation route connecting Dhaka and Chittagong, the largest port city. The study evaluates the surface condition of 20 segments of the highway using the Roads and Highways Department's visual assessment method. Common maintenance techniques used on the highway include double bituminous surface treatment and asphalt overlays. The findings indicate that segments experience deterioration due to heavy commercial vehicle traffic, requiring reconstruction or resurfacing every 3-5 years. The 4-laning expansion project aims to improve the highway to support increasing traffic volumes.
This document discusses various types of traffic studies that are carried out to analyze traffic characteristics. It describes traffic volume studies, which measure the quantity of vehicles crossing a road section over time. Speed studies measure vehicle speeds, and origin-destination studies determine where vehicles are coming from and going to. Other studies discussed include traffic capacity, which analyzes volume and density; parking; and accident studies, which examine accident causes. Automatic and manual methods are described for collecting traffic data.
Porous asphalt pavement is one alternative solution to the problem of stormwater drainage from parking and other low traffic density areas.PA used in place of traditional impervious paving materials decreases the total amount of runoff leaving a site, promotes infiltration of runoff into the ground, reduces the amount of pollutants carried to a storm drain or waterway, and aids with reducing peak runoff velocity and volume.
The document discusses various aspects of road design and construction including:
1. Road categories and hierarchy such as expressways, federal roads, state roads, and urban/rural area roads.
2. Factors that govern road alignment including obligatory points, geometric design, precautions at river/railway crossings, and topographical considerations.
3. Elements of geometric design for roads including sight distance, horizontal and vertical alignment, pavement design, and intersection design.
4. Components of a flexible pavement cross-section and the functions of the different layers.
5. Importance of drainage in road construction and different drainage system components.
6. Typical stages of road construction including earthworks, pavement/drain
This document discusses different types of traffic speed studies including spot speed studies, travel time studies, and speed delay studies. It then provides details on specific objectives, scope, and methods of conducting traffic speed studies. The document presents data from a traffic speed study conducted at two intersections in Dhaka, including spot speeds, histograms, frequency and cumulative frequency curves. It analyzes the data to determine weighted average speed, pace, modal speed and compares time mean speed to space mean speed based on the Wardrop relationship. Finally, it calculates delay time, value of travel time and vehicle operating costs.
Presentation on Summer internship on Road ConstructionSelf-employed
This is an presentation on training in LODHA Palava, In this internship, I learned about an overview of the road construction which I mentioned in this presentation.
This document provides guidelines for the design of highway pavements in India. It discusses different types of pavements, including flexible and rigid pavements. For rigid pavement design, it outlines factors like traffic, climate, materials properties. It describes the components and types of joints in concrete roads. For flexible pavement design, it discusses the group index and CBR methods, which consider soil properties and traffic volumes to determine layer thicknesses. The document provides details on mix design methods for bituminous concrete like Marshall and Hveem.
This document discusses the importance and methods of highway drainage systems. It explains that highway drainage aims to remove excess surface water and control subsoil water levels to prevent issues like subgrade failure and pavement deterioration. Surface drainage is achieved through cross slopes, ditches, inlets, storm sewers, and culverts to divert water away. Subsurface drainage uses subsurface drains to intercept groundwater and prevent changes in subgrade moisture content. Proper drainage design is an essential part of highway construction.
There are many different types of pavements designed for various locations and purposes. Pavements deteriorate over time due to factors like weather, traffic loading, temperature changes, and moisture movement in the subgrade. Common types of pavement deterioration include cracking, rutting, and pothole formation. Routine maintenance such as grass cutting and gully emptying helps prolong pavement life, while more serious issues require structural maintenance like patching, resurfacing, or adding road markings. Proper maintenance is needed to keep pavements functioning well and ensure safety.
this is the pdf of project on plum concrete which is used in civil engineering. the presentation is also uploaded of this topic on my profile. i hope liked by our engineers.
Traffic study project for final year CIVIL engineeringMohammadOsamaJafry
A traffic study was conducted in Bihta, Patna by a group of 6 students from the Department of Civil Engineering at Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology. The study involved collecting data on vehicle volumes and types at 4 congestion points in Bihta over 1 hour time periods using manual counting methods. The results of the first day of data collection are presented, showing the number of different vehicle types passing in both the up and down directions at two locations: Ara Mor and the Dominia Overbridge. Vehicle types included cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, animal-drawn vehicles, and cycles. Total traffic volumes for the hour were also calculated. The data will be used to analyze traffic characteristics and identify solutions to improve congest
This document discusses methods for improving soil bearing capacity. It defines soil bearing capacity as the maximum pressure the soil can support without failing. Six main methods are described: increasing foundation depth, compacting the soil through surcharging, sand piles, or vibration; draining saturated soil; confining loose soils with sheet piles; grouting cracks and voids; and chemically treating soft soils. Compacting and draining are the most common and economical methods.
Study of causes of failures and remedies on roadShantanu Patil
Highway engineering means the art of designing, constructing and maintaining public roads. Roads are considered to be one of the most cost effective and preferred modes of transportation. It is easily available and accessible to all sections of the society. It facilitates the movement of both men and materials from one place to another within a country. It helps to bring about national integration as well as provide for countries overall socio-economic development. It is a key infrastructural unit which links to other modes of transportation like railway, shipping, airways etc. Hence an efficient and well established road network is inevitable for promoting trade and commerce as well as meeting the needs of sound transportation system in the country.
IRC:15-2017 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEM...BrahmaV1
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS -
This Code of Practice is intended to indicate what is considered to be good practice for the construction of jointed plain concrete pavements, including preparation of the subgrade and sub-base underneath these pavements.
The Code deals with various aspects of jointed plain concrete pavement construction, like, materials, equipment, proportioning, measurement, handling of materials, and mixing subgrade and sub-base preparation, formwork, joints, reinforcement of concrete,placing, llnishing, curing, evaluation for acceptance criteria etc.
This document summarizes flexible pavement design and common types of distress that can occur. Flexible pavement is designed based on a layered system to distribute loads through the subgrade. It has advantages like adaptability and ease of repair but higher maintenance costs and shorter lifespan than rigid pavement. Distress in flexible pavement includes surface defects like fatty, smooth or streaked surfaces; cracks like block, alligator or edge cracks; deformation like rutting or corrugation; and disintegration like pumping or potholes. Causes of distress can be environmental factors, heavy traffic loads, or issues with material quality.
Lecture 06 Signalized Intersections (Traffic Engineering هندسة المرور & Dr. U...Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses types of traffic signals and signal timing procedures. It describes pre-timed and actuated signals, and defines key terms like cycle length, phase, split, effective green time, and lost time. It provides a step-by-step procedure for developing signal timing plans, including determining critical lane volumes, yellow and red intervals, cycle length, effective green allocation to phases, and checking pedestrian requirements. An example application of the timing procedure to an intersection of major arterials is presented over multiple slides.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio when geotextiled is used for the design methods. The effects of three flexible pavement design parameters were evaluated; and their impact on the results was investigated.
Recycle material used in road constructionpavan bathani
As the world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated.Many of the waste produced today will remain in environment.The creation of non decaying waste material, combined with a growing consumer population, has resulted in a waste disposal crisis.
One solution to this crisis lies in recycling waste into useful products.
It is try to match society need for safe and economic disposal of waste material with highway industry need for better and more cost effective construction material.
In this presentation you will find what is jute Geo-textile, how it is manufactured and application of jute Geo-textile. It contains some of the case studies from INDIA.
The project provides an insight on pavement Management Systems.PMS helps in making informed decisions enabling the maintenance of the network in a serviceable and safe condition at a minimum cost to both the agency and the road users. To adequately meet this requirement, well-documented information is essential to make defensible decisions on the basis of sound principles of engineering and management
perpetual pavement is one of the new technology in the construction field of roads in these we discussed about how to construct, and what is the step by step process to be followed and advantages and dis advantages of perpetual pavements ,case study also we discussed
This document discusses Benkelman beam deflection studies, which are used to evaluate the structural capacity of existing pavements and estimate overlay designs for strengthening weak pavements. The Benkelman beam test procedure involves measuring the rebound deflection of a pavement under a standard wheel load. Deflection measurements are taken at intervals along the road using the Benkelman beam and loaded truck. The results are used to calculate the true rebound deflection and characterize pavement strength statistically based on mean, standard deviation, and characteristic deflection values. Overlay design is then determined based on the statistical analysis.
This document is a summer training presentation submitted by a civil engineering student for partial fulfillment of their bachelor's degree. It summarizes key concepts in road modification and construction including different types of roads, pavements, and equipment used. Specifically, it discusses earthwork preparation, flexible and rigid pavements, common road types in India like national highways and village roads, and components of roadway construction such as the carriageway, pavement, kerb, and shoulder. Examples of equipment used are compacting rollers, dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, and barricading materials. The presentation then provides details of a specific road project to upgrade an 8 km long village road.
PRESENTATION ON ROAD CONSTRUCTION INTERNSHIP NH34 BY IMRUL QUESHImrul Quesh
This document provides an overview of road construction and quality control processes. It discusses the importance of roads for transportation and economic development. It then describes the planning process for road projects, including maintaining files, analyzing labor and equipment needs, and preparing plans. The document outlines different types of road structures, quality control procedures and tests, and safety measures for road works. Machinery used on road construction sites is also listed. Overall, the document covers key aspects of road construction projects from planning and design to quality assurance and safety.
This document provides information about telecommunications in Bangladesh. It details the country's wireless broadband infrastructure, including internet service providers, international bandwidth, fiber optic lines, and local internet providers. It also describes the Department of Telecommunications, which is responsible for telecom policy, tariffs, and spectrum management. Finally, it discusses Bangladesh's spectrum monitoring capabilities and goals to improve coverage and address public health issues from radio transmissions.
The document discusses a spatial analysis of the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) of Chittagong city in relation to its commercial and industrial land use and economic sustainability. It provides background on Chittagong's history as a port city and trade center. The research aims to examine how the DAP contributes to the city's economic sustainability through its land use designations and spatial configuration based on the theory of cities as movement economies. The methodology will analyze the physical city structures and land uses set out in the DAP and their ability to support a sustainable functional city from an economic perspective.
This document discusses the importance and methods of highway drainage systems. It explains that highway drainage aims to remove excess surface water and control subsoil water levels to prevent issues like subgrade failure and pavement deterioration. Surface drainage is achieved through cross slopes, ditches, inlets, storm sewers, and culverts to divert water away. Subsurface drainage uses subsurface drains to intercept groundwater and prevent changes in subgrade moisture content. Proper drainage design is an essential part of highway construction.
There are many different types of pavements designed for various locations and purposes. Pavements deteriorate over time due to factors like weather, traffic loading, temperature changes, and moisture movement in the subgrade. Common types of pavement deterioration include cracking, rutting, and pothole formation. Routine maintenance such as grass cutting and gully emptying helps prolong pavement life, while more serious issues require structural maintenance like patching, resurfacing, or adding road markings. Proper maintenance is needed to keep pavements functioning well and ensure safety.
this is the pdf of project on plum concrete which is used in civil engineering. the presentation is also uploaded of this topic on my profile. i hope liked by our engineers.
Traffic study project for final year CIVIL engineeringMohammadOsamaJafry
A traffic study was conducted in Bihta, Patna by a group of 6 students from the Department of Civil Engineering at Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology. The study involved collecting data on vehicle volumes and types at 4 congestion points in Bihta over 1 hour time periods using manual counting methods. The results of the first day of data collection are presented, showing the number of different vehicle types passing in both the up and down directions at two locations: Ara Mor and the Dominia Overbridge. Vehicle types included cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, animal-drawn vehicles, and cycles. Total traffic volumes for the hour were also calculated. The data will be used to analyze traffic characteristics and identify solutions to improve congest
This document discusses methods for improving soil bearing capacity. It defines soil bearing capacity as the maximum pressure the soil can support without failing. Six main methods are described: increasing foundation depth, compacting the soil through surcharging, sand piles, or vibration; draining saturated soil; confining loose soils with sheet piles; grouting cracks and voids; and chemically treating soft soils. Compacting and draining are the most common and economical methods.
Study of causes of failures and remedies on roadShantanu Patil
Highway engineering means the art of designing, constructing and maintaining public roads. Roads are considered to be one of the most cost effective and preferred modes of transportation. It is easily available and accessible to all sections of the society. It facilitates the movement of both men and materials from one place to another within a country. It helps to bring about national integration as well as provide for countries overall socio-economic development. It is a key infrastructural unit which links to other modes of transportation like railway, shipping, airways etc. Hence an efficient and well established road network is inevitable for promoting trade and commerce as well as meeting the needs of sound transportation system in the country.
IRC:15-2017 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEM...BrahmaV1
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS -
This Code of Practice is intended to indicate what is considered to be good practice for the construction of jointed plain concrete pavements, including preparation of the subgrade and sub-base underneath these pavements.
The Code deals with various aspects of jointed plain concrete pavement construction, like, materials, equipment, proportioning, measurement, handling of materials, and mixing subgrade and sub-base preparation, formwork, joints, reinforcement of concrete,placing, llnishing, curing, evaluation for acceptance criteria etc.
This document summarizes flexible pavement design and common types of distress that can occur. Flexible pavement is designed based on a layered system to distribute loads through the subgrade. It has advantages like adaptability and ease of repair but higher maintenance costs and shorter lifespan than rigid pavement. Distress in flexible pavement includes surface defects like fatty, smooth or streaked surfaces; cracks like block, alligator or edge cracks; deformation like rutting or corrugation; and disintegration like pumping or potholes. Causes of distress can be environmental factors, heavy traffic loads, or issues with material quality.
Lecture 06 Signalized Intersections (Traffic Engineering هندسة المرور & Dr. U...Hossam Shafiq I
This document discusses types of traffic signals and signal timing procedures. It describes pre-timed and actuated signals, and defines key terms like cycle length, phase, split, effective green time, and lost time. It provides a step-by-step procedure for developing signal timing plans, including determining critical lane volumes, yellow and red intervals, cycle length, effective green allocation to phases, and checking pedestrian requirements. An example application of the timing procedure to an intersection of major arterials is presented over multiple slides.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio when geotextiled is used for the design methods. The effects of three flexible pavement design parameters were evaluated; and their impact on the results was investigated.
Recycle material used in road constructionpavan bathani
As the world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated.Many of the waste produced today will remain in environment.The creation of non decaying waste material, combined with a growing consumer population, has resulted in a waste disposal crisis.
One solution to this crisis lies in recycling waste into useful products.
It is try to match society need for safe and economic disposal of waste material with highway industry need for better and more cost effective construction material.
In this presentation you will find what is jute Geo-textile, how it is manufactured and application of jute Geo-textile. It contains some of the case studies from INDIA.
The project provides an insight on pavement Management Systems.PMS helps in making informed decisions enabling the maintenance of the network in a serviceable and safe condition at a minimum cost to both the agency and the road users. To adequately meet this requirement, well-documented information is essential to make defensible decisions on the basis of sound principles of engineering and management
perpetual pavement is one of the new technology in the construction field of roads in these we discussed about how to construct, and what is the step by step process to be followed and advantages and dis advantages of perpetual pavements ,case study also we discussed
This document discusses Benkelman beam deflection studies, which are used to evaluate the structural capacity of existing pavements and estimate overlay designs for strengthening weak pavements. The Benkelman beam test procedure involves measuring the rebound deflection of a pavement under a standard wheel load. Deflection measurements are taken at intervals along the road using the Benkelman beam and loaded truck. The results are used to calculate the true rebound deflection and characterize pavement strength statistically based on mean, standard deviation, and characteristic deflection values. Overlay design is then determined based on the statistical analysis.
This document is a summer training presentation submitted by a civil engineering student for partial fulfillment of their bachelor's degree. It summarizes key concepts in road modification and construction including different types of roads, pavements, and equipment used. Specifically, it discusses earthwork preparation, flexible and rigid pavements, common road types in India like national highways and village roads, and components of roadway construction such as the carriageway, pavement, kerb, and shoulder. Examples of equipment used are compacting rollers, dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, and barricading materials. The presentation then provides details of a specific road project to upgrade an 8 km long village road.
PRESENTATION ON ROAD CONSTRUCTION INTERNSHIP NH34 BY IMRUL QUESHImrul Quesh
This document provides an overview of road construction and quality control processes. It discusses the importance of roads for transportation and economic development. It then describes the planning process for road projects, including maintaining files, analyzing labor and equipment needs, and preparing plans. The document outlines different types of road structures, quality control procedures and tests, and safety measures for road works. Machinery used on road construction sites is also listed. Overall, the document covers key aspects of road construction projects from planning and design to quality assurance and safety.
This document provides information about telecommunications in Bangladesh. It details the country's wireless broadband infrastructure, including internet service providers, international bandwidth, fiber optic lines, and local internet providers. It also describes the Department of Telecommunications, which is responsible for telecom policy, tariffs, and spectrum management. Finally, it discusses Bangladesh's spectrum monitoring capabilities and goals to improve coverage and address public health issues from radio transmissions.
The document discusses a spatial analysis of the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) of Chittagong city in relation to its commercial and industrial land use and economic sustainability. It provides background on Chittagong's history as a port city and trade center. The research aims to examine how the DAP contributes to the city's economic sustainability through its land use designations and spatial configuration based on the theory of cities as movement economies. The methodology will analyze the physical city structures and land uses set out in the DAP and their ability to support a sustainable functional city from an economic perspective.
This document provides a site plan, zoning plan, and design concepts for an orphanage and children's center called Prabartak Centre for Rehabilitation of Destitute Orphans. The site is located on Prabartak Hill in Chittagong, Bangladesh and covers 28.47 acres. The design clusters residential houses around shared courtyards to assist the social development of orphans. House layouts prioritize supervision with connections between indoor and outdoor spaces. Educational and recreational buildings with colorful elements are also included to create a cheerful environment.
This proposal is intended for obtaining the approval of carrying out the marketing term paper on
The topic -
“FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ BUYING PATTERN TOWARDs WIMAX MODEM IN BANGLADESH- a study on BANGLALION WiMax Modem.”
In order to fulfill the requirements of conducting the practical marketing term paper for the course of “Marketing management (MKT201)”.
WiMax internet is a new wireless internet technology to the Bangladeshi internet users, which has been emerging during the last two years and replacing the broadband services at a fairly quick pace. Though previously there have been some wireless internet service providers operating in the industry, due to various reasons like high prices and low coverage, the concept of wireless internet service couldn’t make its place in the crowd.
However, Banglalion Communication Ltd. promised to remove these shortcomings two years back and quite successfully have started their operations. The significance and objectives of the term paper, design of the research methods and schedule of the report submission are clarified throughout the upcoming sections.
* May Be There have some mistake please avoid and check it again...Thanks.
**I love and like to Help and if anybody be grateful to my job please don't forget to mail me.... :P
Best Regards,
Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
East West University
Presentation delivered at the CalAPA San Diego Technical Committee meeting May 28, 2014 by Kevin Donnelly, Director of Pavement Preservation, Western Emulsions. Topic: Chip Seal and Scrub Seal Best Practices.
Road safety in bangladesh realities and challengesPolicy Adda
The presentation of a comprehensive research on road safety issues presented by Dr Hossain Zillur Rahman, Executive Director, PPRC, also a former adviser to Caretaker Government.
It reveals that five districts, namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Comilla, Tangail and Sirajganj of the country are most prone to road accident. It also reveals that 38 per cent traffic accidents involve buses, which is more than any other kinds of vehicles involved in such incidents.
The research report titled 'Road safety in Bangladesh: Realities and Challenges' was launched at an event on August 13 Wednesday at The Daily Star auditorium in the capital, organised by non-governmental organisation BRAC and Power and Participation Research Center, PPRC in short. PPRC carried out the research commissioned by BRAC. Honourable communication minister Obaidul Quader attended as the chief guest.
The launch of the report was organised on the day of the third death anniversary of noted filmmaker Tareque Masud and eminent journalist Mishuk Munier, who, along with three others, were killed in a road accident on Dhaka-Manikganj Highway in 2011.
The research reveals important data and information, presenting a comprehensive scenario of the country's road safety reality. According to the analysis of the report, Most road accidents occur in a length of 57 kilometres, distributed in different stretches in different highways.
Findings of the research also challenge the popular perception that road accidents usually happen in isolated areas of highways and show that more accidents occur in the congested and busy portions ─ 40.90 per cent happen at or around bus stands, followed by 28.40 per cent accidents happening at the roadside village markets. Among different types of vehicles, bus has proved most fatal, causing 38 per cent road crashes.
WHO has identified traffic accidents as the eighth cause for unnatural death with over 1.2 million annual deaths. The research also reports reckless driving as the most frequent cause of road accidents, while lack of adequate training, unfit vehicles, problems in road structure, weak implementation of traffic law and impunity of the perpetrators remain other important causes.
BGP communities allow networks to attach additional routing information and instructions to BGP routes. They are defined as 32-bit integers that can be used to tag routes with information like the source of the route or to trigger actions like changing route attributes. Common uses of BGP communities include controlling route exports, influencing attributes like local preference, and providing informational tags about factors like geography.
This document summarizes a project by Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL) to install a wireless broadband network across Bangladesh. The key points are:
- The network will include core equipment in Dhaka, 670 eNodeB sites (BTS) in district towns, divisional cities, and upazillas, and 300 km of optical fiber cables to connect the sites.
- The total estimated cost is 9,568.42 million Taka, funded through an EDCF loan and Government of Bangladesh contribution.
- The objectives are to expand broadband and internet access nationwide, increase telecom access affordability and quality, and support ICT services infrastructure.
- The network uses LTE
This presentation provides an overview of private universities in Bangladesh. It begins with a brief history, noting that private universities first received government permission in 1992 to meet growing student demand that public universities could not accommodate. It then lists the various types of private universities and provides detailed lists of private institutions in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet and other divisions. The presentation discusses factors like education quality, campus facilities, research opportunities, and costs/benefits at private versus public universities. While acknowledging private universities help meet enrollment needs, it also notes concerns like some functioning more as businesses and having poorer facilities than public counterparts.
Ethnic groups of bangladesh (chittagong hill track)Robótic Rātul
The document provides information on the ethnic groups and people who live in the hill areas of Bangladesh, specifically the Chittagong Hill Tracts region. It discusses the main ethnic tribes such as the Chakma, Marma, Tripura, and discusses their population sizes, locations, languages, religions, cultures and traditional foods. It notes that the Chittagong Hill Tracts is one of the most diverse regions in Bangladesh in terms of geography, ethnicity, culture and traditions.
- Friends Circle Ltd. is a leading internet service provider in Bangladesh that provides fiber optic broadband internet connections and services.
- It has automated departments, a fiber optic backbone network within Dhaka, and covers most of Dhaka through underground cabling.
- Its vision is to be the largest broadband service provider in Dhaka and facilitate ICT use across the Bangladeshi economy.
Ethnic Groups of Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Track)Robótic Rātul
The document discusses the ethnic groups that live in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh, including the Manipuri, Tripura, Marma, Hajong, Chakma, Rakhain, and Murong people. It covers their food habits, languages spoken, religious beliefs practiced, and aspects of their shared and unique cultures. The presentation provides an overview of the different ethnic groups inhabiting the hilly areas of southeast Bangladesh.
ICT in Education-Secondary Technical Vocational Education and Training Instit...Khalid Md Saifuddin
Md. Saifuddin Khalid, 2011, ICT in Education-Secondary Technical Vocational Education and Training Institute Centered Diffusion of Innovation in Rural Bangladesh — A Study Proposal, ABSTRACTS CD ISBN: 978-84-614-7422-6
PROCEEDINGS CD: 978-84-614-7423-3, pp. 2010- 2020. International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED 2011)
5th Edition – Valencia (Spain)- 7th – 9th March, 2011
Analysis and design of an efficient drainage system in Chittagong citySabbir . Ahmmed
This presentation summarizes the analysis and design of an efficient drainage system for an area of Chittagong city. It identifies current problems with inefficient drainage causing issues like flooding and pollution. The objectives are to observe existing conditions, identify problems, and provide solutions. Methodology included selecting catchment areas, collecting data on rainfall and runoff, calculating discharge, and designing drain layout and cross sections. Recommendations include regular drain cleaning, constructing silt traps, covering drains, and raising public awareness. The new drainage network is designed to drain the entire area efficiently.
Status of ict in education in BangladeshAtaur Rahman
The Bangladesh team consists of Mohammad Ataur Rahman, Biplob Mallick, and Nanda Rani Basak. The document discusses ICT in education in Bangladesh, including initiatives outlined in Vision 2021 and the National Education Policy, as well as the 2012-2021 Master Plan for ICT in Education. It covers topics such as teacher training, classroom and special education ICT integration, online resources, distance learning through TV and radio, and gamification.
The presentation discusses optical fiber communication (OFC) in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of OFC, including how Bangladesh first connected to an international gateway, the companies using the gateway, and when OFC was first introduced. It describes the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable connecting Bangladesh to other countries, and how many companies in Bangladesh use OFC. The presentation outlines the past and present layout of OFC systems, their uses, and the future potential of OFC in Bangladesh.
ICT in leadership and Change Manngmnt-SeminarSafaet Hossain
ICT in Leadership and Change Management seminar held on December 21, 2011. Presentation and Keynote speech by SASM Taifur, Chairman Center for ICT Policy Research (CIPR) & ICT Advisor Infrastructure Investment Facilitation Center.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on IT and ICT. The syllabus covers several topics:
- The concept of a global village and how ICT has contributed to creating a more connected world.
- Contemporary trends in ICT like artificial intelligence, robotics, and biometrics.
- How ICT can support economic development by increasing productivity and access to information.
- Ethical issues surrounding ICT usage and how to ensure technology is used responsibly.
The document discusses the structure and purpose of road pavements. It describes the four layers that make up road structures: the sub-base, base, binder course, and surface course. The sub-base assists with load spreading and drainage, the base is the main load spreading layer, the binder supports the surface course and protects the road, and the surface course provides traction and withstands traffic loads. The document then lists and describes common pavement distresses such as cracking, rutting, corrugation, shoving, and stripping.
In this Assignment I discuss about Optical fiber, Evolution of optical fiber: from the beginning to present and beyond, Types of optical fibers used in commercial applications, Losses in optical fiber link, Submarine cable system worldwide, SONET, Fiber optic network backbone in Bangladesh, Applications of optical fiber in 4G technologies and beyond
1) The document discusses different methods for repairing potholes in bituminous roads, including throw and roll, spray injection, and edge seal repairs.
2) It analyzes the formation of potholes, effects of potholes, and advantages and disadvantages of various repair techniques.
3) Spray injection and edge seal repairs provide more durable repairs compared to the basic throw and roll method, but require more equipment and time. Proper repair selection and technique can increase longevity and safety of roads.
IRJET- Systematic Prevention and Repair of Potholes in Flexible PavementIRJET Journal
This document discusses systematic prevention and repair of potholes in flexible pavement. It begins by defining potholes and describing their causes, such as poor drainage, inadequate pavement strength, and traffic loading. It then outlines a methodology to understand factors leading to pothole formation, including environmental, structural, traffic, construction, and maintenance quality issues. Prevention techniques like fog sealing are described to seal surfaces and prevent water infiltration. Repair methods like the throw and roll, semi-permanent, spray injection, and overlay techniques are also summarized. The document concludes by expecting the outcomes of introducing plastic and fly ash in bitumen to be cost reduction, better waste disposal, and reduced need for future maintenance.
IRJET - Durability of Potholes Filled with Waste MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using waste materials to fill potholes. It discusses how various waste materials like plastic, rubber, glass and construction debris can be used with binders to fill potholes in an affordable and environmentally friendly way. The document reviews several past studies that investigated the durability and performance of pothole patches made with different waste materials. It also outlines various pothole repair techniques and factors that influence patch longevity like material type, weather conditions, traffic levels and patch installation methods. The goal of the research is to promote the use of locally available waste materials for pothole repairs as a way to reduce costs and environmental impacts compared to conventional repair methods.
This document is Rajat Kumar's industrial training report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree from Shoolini University. It includes a declaration by Rajat Kumar stating that the report is his original work. It also includes certificates from the chairperson of the Civil Engineering department and the head of the School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering confirming Rajat Kumar completed the training under their supervision. The report contains chapters on different types of roads, pavements, materials used in construction like cement, sand and aggregates, different brick bonds, the construction process for columns and foundations, and types of foundations.
The document discusses various stages and considerations for road planning and design, including survey and design, cost optimization, engineering attributes, construction timelines, and environmental impacts. It covers pavement design principles for different pavement types like rigid, flexible, and composite pavements. Flexible pavements are described as having advantages like adjusting to settlements but disadvantages like shorter service life. Maintenance of roads is discussed as important to sustain benefits and avoid high reconstruction costs. Routine, periodic, and emergency maintenance types are outlined. Pavement failure modes like alligator cracking are also highlighted.
The document summarizes an industrial training report for the construction of Dassal Road in Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir from June-July 2019. It provides an overview of the Public Works Department, introduces different types of bituminous roads and their construction processes. It also discusses road layers, surveying methods, cost estimation, construction steps and concludes with key learnings. The trainees gained practical experience in reconnaissance surveys, leveling, cross-section drawings, estimation and more under the guidance of their supervisor.
Highway Construction and Equipment: Methods of constructing different types of roads viz. Earth roads, Stabilized roads, WBM, WMM roads, earthen embankments, DLC, and embankments with fly ash. Bituminous roads and Concrete roads. Berms and Shoulders, Features of rural roads including those in PMGSY. Hot mix plant for Bituminous roads-components, layout, control panel, quality assurance. Highway construction of rigid and flexible pavements including types of road rollers, specifications of compaction of different layers of bituminous roads, modern pavers for CC roads. Roller compacted concrete road construction
IRJET- An Experimental Study of Waste Tyres in Road ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on using waste tire powder as a bitumen modifier in road construction. Tire waste is a significant environmental issue as stockpiles pose fire and pollution hazards. Using tire powder could provide an eco-friendly use of waste. The study aims to develop a powdered rubber-modified bitumen that is cheaper and has improved properties over conventional bitumen. Aggregates and bitumen were tested according to standard procedures. Powdered rubber was obtained through a tire shredding and buffering process. The expectations are that a bitumen blend with powdered rubber as an additive will enhance strength and durability while reducing costs for more sustainable road construction.
IRJET- An Experimental Study of Waste Tyres in Road ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on using waste tire powder as a bitumen modifier in road construction. Tire waste is a significant environmental issue as stockpiles pose fire and pollution hazards. Using tire powder could provide an eco-friendly use of waste. The study aims to develop a powdered rubber-modified bitumen that is cheaper and provides better mechanical properties than conventional bitumen. Aggregates and base bitumen were tested according to standard procedures. Powdered rubber was obtained through a tire shredding and grinding process. The modified bitumens will be tested to evaluate the mechanical properties and potential cost savings compared to unmodified bitumen.
This presentation provides an overview of a civil engineering project on studying crack behavior and settlement with remedial measures for bituminous road failure. The objectives are to investigate the cause of road failure and suggest prevention methods. Site inspection found defects like block cracking and potholes. Laboratory tests including CBR and bitumen penetration were conducted. The results found traffic volume exceeding road capacity and use of substandard maintenance materials as causes. It was concluded that regular road audits and use of proper materials and traffic control can help delay further failures.
Evaluation of Flexible Pavement Failures-A Case Study on Izki RoadIJAEMSJORNAL
Pavement is a multi-layer system that distributes the vehicular loads over a larger area. It helps to make them durable and able to withstand traffic and the environment. Pavement consists of three basic layers the first layer is Sub grade (Gravel) which is the foundation layer, the second layer is sub base (layer Assistant foundation) and the top layer is base (a layer of pavement) which consists of Bituminous Carpet + Bituminous Macadam. Cracking of pavement is a defect that appears in the top layer of the road. Pavement can be under compression and tension at the same time, but in different directions. While a tire compresses a pavement downward, it forms a deflection basin which causes the pavement to go into tension in both horizontal directions. If the pavement is not strong enough, the asphalt is stretched too far, which separates and a crack forms in the wheel track. A crack may also form between the wheel tracks. The maintenance of roads means protecting, restoration and strengthening of all elements of the road to maintain sustainability of the road. Road maintenance also includes additional work that is necessary in order to raise the level of performance and reach the best level of safety and comfort for the road users. Roads are high-cost investments and need constant maintenance so that these investments continue to perform as required. Therefore, care must be taken to maintain the roads in optimum maintenance and in a scientific manner. The aim of this Study is to identify the most common types of cracks and defects which occur in Izki road and suggest suitable option for maintenance. The objectives are to identify different types of cracks & defects, to find out the different reasons that cause defects and cracks in Izki road and to suggest suitable maintenance methods. A 2km length of the road was selected for the study. Survey was carried out and the reasons for cracking and other failures in pavement were studied. Finally, the required maintenance solution for each type of failures was identified and the best maintenance option was selected.
IRJET- Systematic Prevention and Repair of Potholes in Flexible PavementIRJET Journal
This document discusses systematic prevention and repair of potholes in flexible pavement. It begins by defining potholes and describing how they form due to factors like inadequate pavement strength and the presence of water. Left unrepaired, potholes can lead to issues like accidents and increased vehicle maintenance costs. The document then examines various prevention techniques, such as fog sealing, to protect pavement surfaces from damage. It also outlines different repair methods for potholes, including throw and roll, semi-permanent fixes, spray injection, and overlays. The methodology proposed mixes plastics and fly ash with hot asphalt to create cheaper patching material while still providing durable repairs. In conclusion, using alternative materials can reduce repair costs while systematically addressing
This document provides an overview of a presentation on summer training with the Uttar Pradesh Public Works Department. It discusses the roles and history of the Public Works Department and Uttar Pradesh State Bridge Corporation in constructing bridges and highways in the state. It then summarizes the different types of pavements used for roads, including flexible pavements made of bitumen and rigid concrete pavements. The document outlines the basic steps for constructing a concrete pavement, from preparing the subgrade to finishing, curing, installing joints, and opening the road to traffic.
Road bridge & railway construction pdfSaqib Imran
The document is a collection of notes on road and railway construction written by Saqib Imran, a civil engineering student. It contains summaries of the basic steps for constructing a water bound macadam road, including preparation of the subgrade, sub-base, base, wearing course, and shoulders. It also discusses components of road drainage systems such as cross falls, side ditches, and outlet ditches.
Road construction is a complex process involving many steps from planning and design to construction activities and maintenance. It begins with surveying the planned route, considering drainage and traffic needs. Major steps include clearing the area, excavating, leveling the base, installing drainage structures, and constructing the road base, surface and final features. Safety for both workers and drivers is paramount, requiring compliance with regulations and use of protective equipment, signs and reduced speeds in work zones. Ongoing maintenance is also needed to repair damage from weather and use over time.
Road construction is a complex process involving many steps from planning and design to construction activities and maintenance. It begins with surveying the planned route, addressing environmental issues, and preliminary engineering. The major stages include clearing and excavation of the land, mounting the road base, and final surfacing activities like paving. A variety of equipment is used in construction and activities must follow safety requirements to protect both workers and the public. Ongoing maintenance is also needed to preserve the road over time.
Road construction is a complex process involving many steps from planning and design to construction activities and maintenance. It begins with surveying the planned route, addressing environmental issues, and preliminary engineering. The major stages include clearing and excavation of the land, mounting the road base, and final surfacing activities like paving. A variety of equipment is used in construction and activities must follow safety requirements to protect both workers and the public. Ongoing maintenance is also needed to preserve the road over time.
Proactive Maintenance for Pavement using Micro Surfacingijtsrd
One of the areas of civil engineering with the quickest growth over the past ten years has been the field of materials treated with asphalt emulsion for road surface treatment. Understanding the field performance of materials treated with asphalt emulsion as well as the asphalt emulsion technology has received a lot of attention and study. The use of recycled materials, the impact of filler, the unique properties of the asphalt emulsion, and the mixtures rutting resistance are just a few of the aspects that need further experimental investigation, according to a review of research studies on micro surfacing mixtures. Shubham Gupta | Mr. Hariram Sahu "Proactive Maintenance for Pavement using Micro Surfacing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56234.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/civil-engineering/56234/proactive-maintenance-for-pavement-using-micro-surfacing/shubham-gupta
After the onset of monsoons, development of potholes on roads and streets of India is a common phenomenon. Quite often, potholes are repaired with antiquated techniques such as placing soil or bare aggregate in the pothole because no hot mix asphalt is available during monsoons. But techniques are not reliable these days because they require large amount of time and the quality of repairing is also not up to the mark. Traditional pothole filling techniques take a lot of manpower and a lot of heavy machinery, which is an expensive process. Due to non-repairing of potholes on time many of accidents and traffic congestion takes place every year. In 2016, nearly 1,50,000 deaths were caused by road accidents in India. Out of these, 2,424 deaths in road accidents were caused by potholes. Apart from deaths, they cause several accidents leading to major and minor injuries, and delay in travel time Pothole is a failure in an asphalt pavement when there is water present in the underlying soil which weakens the supporting soil, and then traffic around affected area fatigues and breaks the asphalt surface. Failure in pavements takes place because of shearing, loading and deflection of materials. Which is the result of the action of traffic, poor support, and adverse atmospheric condition. In this paper different methods which are used for repairing potholes are described and best suitable method is selected based on the costing and quality parameters.
2. Bangladesh University of Engineering and
Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
CE 400
Project and Thesis
Session : 2010-11
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway2
3. Thesis Topic
Pavement Maintenance Practices in
Dhaka- Chittagong Highway
Performed By
Mohhammad Afsar Sujon(0704026)
Supervised By
Professor Dr. Muhammad Zakaria
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway3
4. Objectives of the study
• To identify and list the existing road deterioration pattern of
the different road segments of Dhaka Chittagong highway.
• To categorize the nature of damage according to the standard
specification and maintenance manuals.
• To study the RHD, Bangladesh efforts and its current trends
to address such problems
• To study developed countries methods and trends for
prevention of such deteriorations.
• To make comparison of the road rating of the same road
segment between these two methods.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway4
5. Geographical Position of Dhaka –Chittagong Highway
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway5
6. 4-Laning of Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Project
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway6
7. February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway7
8. 4-Laning of Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Project
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway8
9. 4-Laning of Dhaka-Chittagong Highway Project
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway9
Courtesy by…..Asif Hossain Khan (St. No.0304102)
10. Pavement Defects
Transverse Cracking
Cracks which usually appear across the road perpendicular to the centerline
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway10
Possible Causes:
• Poor construction joints.
• Pavement Shrinkage due
to asphalt hardening or
freeze/thaw cycles.
• Reflective cracking
(cracks below the
wearing course)
11. Pavement Defects
Longitudinal Cracking
Cracks which follow along the road parallel to the centerline.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway11
Possible Causes:
• Poor construction joints.
• Pavement Shrinkage
due to asphalt hardening
or freeze/thaw cycles.
• Reflective cracking
( cracks below the
wearing course)
12. Pavement Defects
Alligator Cracking
Blocks of interconnecting cracks resembling the skin of alligator
Indicator of roadway base failure
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway12
Possible Causes:
• Insufficient bearing
support and repeated
traffic loading.
• Poor base drainage
13. Pavement Defects
Shrinkage Cracking
Layer is subjected to stresses trying to move it but it is prevented from doing .
Tensile strength is insufficient for the stresses developed.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway13
Possible Causes:
• Shrink due to a combination of
excess moisture drying out of
the layer
• The hydration process of the
cement reacting with the
water causes heat and that the
material will shrink on cooling.
14. Pavement Defects
Corrugations/Rutting
Longitudinal depressions parallel to the direction of travel, typical forming in the wheel tracks.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway14
Possible Causes:
• Poorly constructed
roadway.
• Substandard or
failing sub-bases.
• Inadequate lateral
support, failing or
steep road shoulder.
15. Pavement Defects
Raveling
Spalding of the pavement surface causing the asphalt wearing course to
separate from the binder course.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway15
Possible Causes:
• Poor quality of
materials and/or
construction.
• Inadequate drainage.
• Freeze-thaw cycling.
• Poor utility patching.
16. Pavement Defects
Shoving
A longitudinal displacement of a localized area of the pavement surface.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway16
Possible Causes:
•generally caused by
braking or accelerating
vehicles
•usually located on hills or
curves, or at intersections
•may have vertical
displacement
17. Pavement Defects
Pot Holes
Holes in the asphalt surface which may be isolated or caused by a combination of other
progressively failing pavement defects. (raveling, alligator cracking, patching).
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway17
Possible Causes:
• Poor quality of materials
and/or construction.
• Inadequate drainage.
• Freeze-thaw cycling.
• Poor utility patching.
18. Method of Identifying All Types of Damages
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway18
19. Manual vs. Automatic data collection
Manual Automatic
Expensive and time consuming. Less expensive and fast.
Labor intensive Very minimal labor is needed
Hazardous Safe
Data sampling. 100% survey.
Subjective. Objective
Difficult to manage Integra table with management system
Repeatability is low Proven to be much better
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway19
20. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
SPOT SEALING
WHAT
To Seal bituminous roadway surfaces with application of liquid bituminous material (straight run, cut-back or emulsion) covered with
aggregate.
WHERE
a)Fatty surfaces.
b) Raveling.
c) Stripping.
d) Loss of aggregate and
e) Shrinkage cracks
WHEN
1) Sealing is not an emergency repair work. It can be programmed to meet the seasonal and weather conditions.
2) Scaling of scattered areas can be scheduled from October to April
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) The area to be treated is boomed clean of dirt, dust and loose materials.
3) Bituminous material of correct quantity is applied uniformly in the arm with hand sprayer. The bituminous material must be at proper temperature for spraying.
4) Aggregate cover material of correct size and quantity is then applied in an uniform thickness over the sprayed area with a shovel.
5) The aggregate is rolled into the bitumen as soon as possible using truck tyres. The entire area must be rolled by tyres at least twice.
6) The excess aggregate from around the side of the seal is then broomed off.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway20
21. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
SPOT SEALING
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway21
22. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
CRACK FILLING
WHAT
To clean cracks (6 mm or wider) and seal with filler material.
WHERE
To prevent ingress of water through cracks (6 mm or wider) in bituminous pavement surface, the same have to be filled with the bituminous
filler material. Smaller cracks less than 6 mm wider do not need filling
WHEN
Crack filling is not a high priority item. It can Programmed to be done between March and May.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) The cracks are cleaned with stiff bristled broom and or compressed air jet.
3) Cracks of width 6 mm or more are filled with bitumen emulsion slurry or liquid bitumen mixed with sand using a hand squeegee and broom.
4) When the crack fill is cured, it is sealed with hot liquid bitumen using a pouring can and a hand squeegee. Cracks should be filled flush with
pavement surface., Overfilling the cracks or using aggregates larger than sand should be avoided.
5) To prevent pick up of bitumen by traffic, the sealed surface of the crack is sprinkled with dry sand.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway22
23. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
CRACK FILLING
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway23
24. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
FATTY SURFACES TREATMENT
WHAT
To treat Bituminous pavement surface having excessive amount of bitumen, by application of sand.
WHERE
a) Such surfaces present skid hazard to vehicles and a safe riding surface is restored by repairing.
b) If the fatty condition is light and cannot be corrected by sanding, an aggregate spot sealing of surface treatment should be done
WHEN
a) Fatty surface treatment is an emergency item and should be done as soon as feasible.
b) Treatment of Fatty surfaces should be done on hot days to achieve the maximum possible absorption.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) Sand or screening of 10 mm maximum size is heated to 150o
C.
3) The hot material is spread over the fatty area at a rate of 5 to 6 Kg per square meter.
4) Immediately after spreading the surface is rolled preferable with a rubber tired roller.
5) When the aggregate has cooled loose particles are broomed off.
6) This process is repeated if necessary
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway24
25. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
FATTY SURFACES TREATMENT
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway25
26. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
FOG SEAL
WHAT
To treat distressed bituminous pavement surfaces with a single application of bituminous material without any cover aggregates.
WHERE
Pavement surfaces having extensive hairline cracks, oxidized, old and dry surfaces, loss of aggregates are rejuvenated by this treatment. It can
also be used as an emergency treatment for hungry surfaces and to prevent raveling.
WHEN
This is not an emergency work. It can be programmed to be done between November and May.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) Half width of the roadway is closed to traffic for a maximum length of 200 m at a time. Flag men are engaged to control the traffic on the
remaining width.
3) The surface is cleaned of loose aggregate and foreign material by brooming.
4) Small areas are sprayed with bituminous material using hand sprayer. The bituminous material is a slow setting bitumen emulsion diluted
with equal amount of water.
5) For long and continuous length a truck mounted distributor is used. The spray bar width is suitably adjusted for spraying the required width.
6) Spraying is repeated on the other half of the roadway after the seal has set in the first half (in about 30 minutes
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway26
27. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
FOG SEAL
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway27
28. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway28
SLURRY SEAL
WHAT
To treat distressed bituminous pavement surfaces with a single application of fine aggregates and bituminous material.
WHERE
Pavements which are old, oxidized and need rejuvenations or having wide cracks, raveled or smooth or hungry surfaces or have loss of
aggregates are treated with slurry seal. This treatment is also used top provide skid resistant surface.
WHEN
This is not an emergency work. It can be programmed to be done between November and May.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) The surface is cleaned of loose aggregate and foreign material by brooming.
3) Any patching that is necessary is done and surface dampened before laying the slurry seal.
4)For small areas slurry seal is mixed in a concrete mixer or in a wheel barrow. For large areas
slurry seal machine can be used. Mixing is done until creamy textured slurry is obtained.
5) After proper mixing slurry is dumped on the pavement surface.
6) Long handled squeegees are used to spread the slurry and to force it into cracks. For controlled laying spreader boxes can be used.
•Half width of the roadway is closed to traffic for a maximum length of 200 m at a time.
Flag men are engaged to control the traffic on the remaining width.
8) The slurry is spread so as to obtain a uniform thickness of 1.5 to 3 mm
29. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
SLURRY SEAL
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway29
30. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
PREMIX LEVELING
WHAT
To restore of bituminous surfaces to their original shape using premix bituminous material.
WHERE
Any depression or rutting or minor settlement in wheel paths results in poor riding surface. Correction is made by adding premix material to
the defective area until it is brought in level with the adjoining area.
WHEN
Premix leveling is to be done when the depression is 25 mm or more in 3 m or where rutting is 13 mm or more This is not emergency item.
Premix leveling shall be programmed to be done between November and May and in any case before laying surfacing or overlay in the section.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) The boundary of the area to be leveled is marked using a string line and crayon.
3) Loose gravel and other foreign material are broomed off the surface.
4) A light uniform bituminous tack coat is applied to the area.
5) The premix material is spread over the area starting from the deeper part. Each layer is compacted using a roller. To avoid pushing at the
edges rolling is started at the edges and moved towards the middle.
6) The surface level is checked using a straightedge.
7) Any loose material left around the area is broomed off.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway30
31. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
PREMIX LEVELING
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway31
32. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
PREMIX PATCHING
WHAT
To manually patch pot holes and minor depressions in pavement surface using premixed bituminous material.
WHERE
a) Pot Holes.
b) Edge Breading.
WHEN
Premix patching of Pot Holes and edge breaking should be done as soon as they are noticed as these deteriorations are progressive.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation .
2) All broken and loose bituminous surface and base materials and foreign materials are removed by brooming
3) Water and soft materials are removed from the pot hole. Hole must be dried if necessary, using gunny or jute bags.
4) The sides are cut square and depth of the hole is at least 50 mm.
5) A light tack coat of bituminous material is applied first to the sides of the hole and then to the bottom.
6) The premixed bituminous mix is placed in layers and compacted either by hand tampers or by truck tyres.
7) The top of the patch should be at the same level as the surrounding surface.
8) The finished surface is checked for level with a straight edge. The patch is checked in both the directions.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway32
33. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
PREMIX PATCHING
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway33
34. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
SOFT SURFACE REPLACEMENT
WHAT
Removal and disposal of deteriorated bituminous surface and re placement with premix material.
WHERE
Spot surface replacement is done where the pavement has shoved, slipped, heaved, settled or developed alligator cracks in a large area of about 2
or more square meters and requires removal of old surface.
Where the material below the bituminous layer has become distorted, soft and wet the these materials must be removed and replaced.
WHEN
This is not an emergency repair work. It can be scheduled to be done between November and May.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation .
2) The old surface material is broken from the affected area and removed. The hole is shaped with trim edges and vertical sides going up to firm
bottom.
3) The old base material is also removed if found affected. The salvaged surface material can be mixed with new aggregates and used for
repairing the base. The base is compacted well before new surfacing is placed.
4) Over the compacted base or the existing firm base tack coat of liquid bituminous material is applied.
5) Premix material is then laid in the hole starting from the sides and moving towards the center. The thickness of layers should not exceed 40 mm.
1) Final layer is compacted with a steel wheel roller and the finished level is checked.
2) Excess loose material is broomed off the roadway
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway34
35. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
SOFT SURFACE REPLACEMENT
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway35
36. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
GRAVEL SURFACE PATCHING
WHAT
Patching scattered areas of gravel surfaces with gravel.
WHERE
Patching of gravel surfaces is done when the existing road way or gravel shoulders have developed pot holes, depressions or soft spots when
these are scattered or isolated.
WHEN
This pot holes are repaired as soon as possible. The other defects are repaired during dry weather viz December to April.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) Free water, soft clay and other unsuitable materials are removed from the area.
3) High spots on the surface are cut off and leveled to the required profile.
4) Fresh material is added to low s pots.
5) The fresh material is mixed with existing material.
6) The area is compacted with truck tyres adding water, if required.
7) The patched area is checked for level and smoothness.
8) Excess material is broomed off the paved surface.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway36
37. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
GRAVEL SURFACE PATCHING
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway37
38. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
RECONDITION GRAVEL AND EARTH ROADS
WHAT
To scarify roadway surface and reshape and recondition the riding surface with the material that got collected on the shoulders or by providing new
material.
WHERE
Reconditioning is done when the riding surface has lost its camber, extensive loss of gravel revealing the subgrade, excessive rutting and soft spots.
WHEN
This is not an emergency work. It should be planned to be done during moist weather conditions preferably after monsoon. During summer months
it is best done after a rain.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) The material that got collected on the shoulders are dragged over the roadway and spread uniformly over depressions and ruts to provide a
base for application of new material. Uniformly over depressions and ruts to provide a base for application of new material.
3) The material is compacted with a smooth wheeled roller adding water, if required.
4) The new material is dump ed from trucks along the roadway. The truck loads are spaced properly along the road to avoid unnecessary
movement of the material.
5) The material is compacted well to proper moisture and density the smooth wheeled roller.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway38
39. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
RECONDITION GRAVEL AND EARTH ROADS
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway39
40. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
SHOULDER RESHAPING
WHAT
To reshape, grade and compact shoulders which have lost their grade and shape.
WHERE
Where the shoulders have developed ruts, distorted or have vegetation, then the shoulder must be reshaped, graded and compacted
WHEN
This is not an emergency work. Locations needing attention should be identified during routine inspections. This work should be done during
November to March. During summer the work should be done after a rain.
HOW
1) Safety devices and signs are placed to control of traffic during maintenance operation.
2) The materials which have accumulated at the roadway edges are dragged towards the edge of pavement.
3) Using a camber board, pegs and string line the required shape of the shoulder is defined.
4) The material obtained from the edges and if necessary, new material are spread to the required grade and slope.
5) The shoulder is then compacted using either a road roller or a truck.
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway40
41. Standards for Routine Maintenance Activities
SHOULDER RESHAPING
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway41
42. Pavement Condition Rating and Priority for Flexible Pavements
Recommended Treatment Rating Pavement Condition
Reconstruct or recycle within 2
years
0-20 Pavement is in poor to very poor condition with extensive severe cracking, alligator and
channeling. Ride ability is poor and the surface is very rough and uneven.
Reconstruct or recycle
within 2 -3 years.
20-30 Pavement is in poor condition with moderate alligator and extensive severe cracking and
channeling. Ride ability is poor and the surface is very rough and uneven.
Overlay, recycle or reconstruct
within 3 – 4 years
30-40 Pavement is in poor to fair condition with frequent moderate alligator and extensive
moderate cracking and channeling. Ride ability is poor to fair and surface is moderately rough
and uneven.
Reconstruct in 4 -5 years or
resurface within 2 years
with extensive leveling
40-50 Pavement is in poor to fair condition with frequent moderate cracking and channeling,
and intermittent moderate alligator. Ride ability is poor to fair and surface is moderately rough
and uneven.
Resurface within 3 years. 50-65 Pavement is in fair condition with intermittent moderate and frequent slight cracking, and
with intermittent slight or moderate alligator and channeling. Ride ability is fair and surface is
slightly rough and uneven.
Resurface in 3 -5 years 65-80 Pavement is in fairly good condition with frequent slight cracking, slight or very slight
channeling and a few areas of slight alligator. Ride ability is fairly good with intermittent rough
and uneven sections.
Normal maintenance only. 80-100 Pavement is in good condition with frequent very slight or slight cracking. Ride ability is good
with a few slightly rough and uneven sections.
No maintenance required. 90-100 Pavement is in excellent condition with few cracks. Ride ability is excellent with few areas of
slight distortion.
42 February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway
43. Pavement Rating Form
• BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT RATING FORM
• STREET OR ROUTE ________________ CITY OR COUNTY ____________
• LENGTH OF PROJECT _______________ WIDTH ______________________
• PAVEMENT TYPE __________________ DATE _________________________
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway43
DEFECTS RATING
Transverse Cracks 0-5
Longitudinal Cracks 0-5
Alligator Cracks 0-10
Shrinkage Cracks 0-5
Rutting 0-10
Corrugations 0-5
Raveling. 0-5
Shoving or Pushing. 0-10
Pot Holes. : . 0-10
Excess Bitumen 0-10
Polished Aggregate ... 0-5
Deficiency in Drainage 0-10
Overall Riding Quality (0 is excellent;10 is
very poor):
0-10
Sum of Defects
Condition Rating = 100 -Sum of Defects
= 100 - ___________
Condition Rating =
44. Locations of the survey point at a glance
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway44
45. Visual Survey of Surface Condition of Pavement
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway45
Study Area -15 (Location:Baroiar hat )
Highway Road Pot Holes Drainage Problem
46. Maintenances in Dhaka Chittagong Highway
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway46
Double bituminous surface treatment Asphalt overlays
47. Maintenances in Dhaka Chittagong Highway
Visual Inspection of Asphalt Overlays
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway47
48. Progress of Dhaka –Chittagong 4 lane Highway Project
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway48
Visual Inspection of Progress
49. Comparison of surface condition between different segments
No. of Segment Segment description Sum of Defects Condition Rating
1 Jatrabari to Chittagong Road 52 48
2 Chittagong Road to Modonpur 19 81
3 Modonpur to Mograpara 22 78
4 Mograpara to Boberchar 26 74
5 Boberchar to Daudkandi Toll Plaza 20 80
6 Daudkandi Toll Plaza to Gouripur 25 75
7 Gouripur to Eliotgonj 25 75
8 Eliotgonj to Chandina 26 74
9 Chandina to Moinamoti Cantonment 19 81
10 Moinamoti Cantonment to Paduar Bazar 25 75
11 Paduar Bazar to Miabazar 33 67
12 Miabazar to Chauddagram 37 63
13 Chauddagram to Mohipal 28 72
14 Mohipal to Baroiar hat 49 51
15 Baroiar hat to Mirassarai 29 71
16 Mirassarai to Borotakia Bazar 27 73
17 Borotakia Bazar to Sitakundu municipality 26 74
18 Sitakundu municipality to Boro Kumira 21 79
19 Boro Kumira to City gate 22 78
20 City gate 24 76
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway49
50. Comparison of surface condition between different segments
Segment of road vs. Condition Rating
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway50
53. Recommendations
• Establish a separate branch for only ‘’ Roads and its Maintenance’’ for Dhaka Chittagong
highway.
• The inspection of road condition should be occurred within three years
• Using of automatic methods for an informative & details road condition survey
• All the data should be digitalized for taking the decision for proper maintenance process &
technique for long time sustainability of the pavement
• Limit the load carrying capacity of heavy commercial vehicles to decrease the axle load of
the vehicle in a segment on the pavement
• Increase the work speed of Dhaka- Chittagong 4-lane highway project to decrease the load
on existing pavement
• Improve the railway facilities to carry the cargo to defuse the extra pressure of load from
these cargo .
• The inspection work for maintenance should be done immediately after the work to
monitor the quality of the maintenance work.
• The materials used for maintenance work should be better than initially constructed
pavement materials.
• Drainage problem should be solved as soon as possible because it effects highway more
than the local street because of heavy commercial vehicle
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway53
54. Recommendations
• For the regular & effective maintenances of this highway government can apply road
using cost on vehicles according to their weight to collect money for the improvement of
this highway.
• The market place of the villages usually situated in the intersection points of highway. This
creates traffic jam in road also causes sometimes serious accidents. Steps should be taken
to move them from there to increase smoothness of flow & safety of people.
• The road crossing pattern of people on highway is very risky. A lot of people die every year .
So, zebra crossing & other facilities need to be applied.
• There should be bypass facilities in the road to decrease the pressure in main highway and in
case of any accident.
• Increase the allocation of budget in ‘’ road maintenance sector’’
• Introduce Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program to improve our ability to
predict pavement performance
• Roads & Highway department should have their own qualified contractor panel for
constructing road & maintenance.
• Apply New Tools, Methodologies, and Technologies
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway54
55. New Tools, Methodologies, and Technologies
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway55
Bonded Concrete Resurfacing of Concrete Pavements
56. New Tools, Methodologies, and Technologies
Bonded Concrete Resurfacing of Asphalt Pavements
February 5, 2013 Pavement Maintenance Practices in Dhaka-Chittagong Highway56