International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dynamic Modeling of Autonomous Wind–diesel system with Fixed-speed Wind TurbineIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind turbines have often connected to small power systems, operating in parallel to diesel generators, as is typically the case in autonomous wind–diesel installations or small island systems with high wind potential. Hence, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind–diesel power systems in presence of wind power will be important. In this paper, the system under study is modeled by a set of dynamic and algebraic equations (DAE). Dynamic behavior of a wind-diesel system is investigated by the proposed dynamic model. Wind-diesel system consists of wind turbines that are connected to synchronous diesel generator via short transmission line with local load. Dynamic stability of autonomous wind–diesel systems are discussed with emphasis on the eigenvalue analysis and the effective parameters on system stability. In this regards, saddle node bifurcation and hopf bifurcation are also investigated.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document presents a dynamic model and control strategy for a grid-connected hybrid wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. It describes models for the key system components, including a variable speed wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), PV array, and power conditioning system. The power conditioning system uses boost converters to regulate the DC link voltage from the wind and PV sources. A voltage source inverter and PQ controller are used to interface the hybrid system and deliver power to the grid while maintaining a stable common DC bus voltage. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed hybrid power system for distributed energy applications.
The document summarizes the optimal configuration of a wind/solar/diesel/battery hybrid energy system for electrifying a rural area in Jhiri village, Madhya Pradesh, India. Load profile analysis was conducted based on population and standard electricity consumption. Meteorological data on solar radiation, wind speed, and temperature was collected from a local weather station. Component models for the PV array, wind turbine, battery, and diesel generator were developed. Homer software was then used to optimally size the hybrid energy system components to reliably meet the village's electricity needs at minimum cost. The proposed system aims to improve lives in the rural community through a more economical and environmentally-friendly energy solution.
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated AreaIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a model of the wind turbine (WT) with permanent magnet generator (PMSG) and its associated controllers is presented. The increase of wind power penetration in power systems has meant that conventional power plants are gradually being replaced by wind farms. In fact, today wind farms are required to actively participate in power system operation in the same way as conventional power plants. In fact, power system operators have revised the grid connection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms and now demand that these installations be able to carry out more or less the same control tasks as conventional power plants. For dynamic power system simulations, the PMSG wind turbine model includes an aerodynamic rotor model, a lumped mass representation of the drive train system and generator model. In this paper we propose a model with an implementation in MATLAB / Simulink, each of the system components off-grid small wind turbines.
Dynamic Modeling, Control and Simulation of a Wind and PV Hybrid System for G...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a dynamic modeling and control strategy for a grid connected hybrid wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy system inter-connected to electrical grid through power electronic interface. A gearless permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used to capture the maximum wind energy. The PV and wind systems are connected dc-side of the voltage source inverter through a boost converter individually and maintain a fixed dc output at dc link. A proper control scheme is required to operate power converters to match up the grid connection requirements. This study considered the performance of modeled hybrid system under different case scenarios. All simulation models are developed using MATLAB/Simulink.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This paper presents a study analysis of a complete wind energy conversion system, the system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); a vector control with stator flux orientation of the DFIG is also used to control independently the active and reactive powers. A comparative study have been performed between the conventional PI controller and fuzzy logic control to investigate its dynamic and static performances. This research work involves the study of a phase in advance, to provide effective assistance, to all those who have to make decisions regarding the planning and implementation of wind energy projects. The main objective is to model the wind chain and the use of two types of strategies for the control of this generator to ensure a good regulation we started with the modeling of the wind chain then the modeling of the DFIG and then the use of the two strategies for the regulation of the latter .The complete system is modeled and simulated in the MATLAB/ Simulink. The performance and robustness are analyzed and compared by Matlab / Simulink .Simulation results prove the excellent performance of fuzzy control unit as improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dynamic Modeling of Autonomous Wind–diesel system with Fixed-speed Wind TurbineIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind turbines have often connected to small power systems, operating in parallel to diesel generators, as is typically the case in autonomous wind–diesel installations or small island systems with high wind potential. Hence, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind–diesel power systems in presence of wind power will be important. In this paper, the system under study is modeled by a set of dynamic and algebraic equations (DAE). Dynamic behavior of a wind-diesel system is investigated by the proposed dynamic model. Wind-diesel system consists of wind turbines that are connected to synchronous diesel generator via short transmission line with local load. Dynamic stability of autonomous wind–diesel systems are discussed with emphasis on the eigenvalue analysis and the effective parameters on system stability. In this regards, saddle node bifurcation and hopf bifurcation are also investigated.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document presents a dynamic model and control strategy for a grid-connected hybrid wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. It describes models for the key system components, including a variable speed wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), PV array, and power conditioning system. The power conditioning system uses boost converters to regulate the DC link voltage from the wind and PV sources. A voltage source inverter and PQ controller are used to interface the hybrid system and deliver power to the grid while maintaining a stable common DC bus voltage. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed hybrid power system for distributed energy applications.
The document summarizes the optimal configuration of a wind/solar/diesel/battery hybrid energy system for electrifying a rural area in Jhiri village, Madhya Pradesh, India. Load profile analysis was conducted based on population and standard electricity consumption. Meteorological data on solar radiation, wind speed, and temperature was collected from a local weather station. Component models for the PV array, wind turbine, battery, and diesel generator were developed. Homer software was then used to optimally size the hybrid energy system components to reliably meet the village's electricity needs at minimum cost. The proposed system aims to improve lives in the rural community through a more economical and environmentally-friendly energy solution.
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated AreaIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a model of the wind turbine (WT) with permanent magnet generator (PMSG) and its associated controllers is presented. The increase of wind power penetration in power systems has meant that conventional power plants are gradually being replaced by wind farms. In fact, today wind farms are required to actively participate in power system operation in the same way as conventional power plants. In fact, power system operators have revised the grid connection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms and now demand that these installations be able to carry out more or less the same control tasks as conventional power plants. For dynamic power system simulations, the PMSG wind turbine model includes an aerodynamic rotor model, a lumped mass representation of the drive train system and generator model. In this paper we propose a model with an implementation in MATLAB / Simulink, each of the system components off-grid small wind turbines.
Dynamic Modeling, Control and Simulation of a Wind and PV Hybrid System for G...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a dynamic modeling and control strategy for a grid connected hybrid wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy system inter-connected to electrical grid through power electronic interface. A gearless permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used to capture the maximum wind energy. The PV and wind systems are connected dc-side of the voltage source inverter through a boost converter individually and maintain a fixed dc output at dc link. A proper control scheme is required to operate power converters to match up the grid connection requirements. This study considered the performance of modeled hybrid system under different case scenarios. All simulation models are developed using MATLAB/Simulink.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This paper presents a study analysis of a complete wind energy conversion system, the system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG); a vector control with stator flux orientation of the DFIG is also used to control independently the active and reactive powers. A comparative study have been performed between the conventional PI controller and fuzzy logic control to investigate its dynamic and static performances. This research work involves the study of a phase in advance, to provide effective assistance, to all those who have to make decisions regarding the planning and implementation of wind energy projects. The main objective is to model the wind chain and the use of two types of strategies for the control of this generator to ensure a good regulation we started with the modeling of the wind chain then the modeling of the DFIG and then the use of the two strategies for the regulation of the latter .The complete system is modeled and simulated in the MATLAB/ Simulink. The performance and robustness are analyzed and compared by Matlab / Simulink .Simulation results prove the excellent performance of fuzzy control unit as improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.
Transient analysis and modeling of wind generator during power and grid volta...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on transient analysis and modeling of a wind generator during power and grid voltage drops. It discusses a grid-connected wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) that is fed by an AC-DC-AC converter. The stator is directly connected to the grid while the rotor is connected through converters. During transient events like voltage drops, efficient control strategies are needed to improve stability of the DFIG. The document also provides modeling details of the wind turbine, transmission system, and distribution system components involved in the wind energy system.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Yayah Zakaria
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind
speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System Interconnected with ...idescitation
This document summarizes a paper that models and simulates a wind energy conversion system connected to a radial distribution system. It presents the modeling of various components of the wind energy system, including the wind turbine, induction generator, rectifier, DC link controller, inverter, and an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm. The performance of the wind energy conversion system is analyzed when connected to IEEE 15 bus radial distribution system in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that integrating distributed generation at optimal locations and sizes can reduce power losses, improve voltage profiles, and increase reliability indices of the distribution system.
Wind and solar integrated to smart grid using islanding operationiaemedu
This document discusses integrating wind and solar power into a smart grid system using islanding operation. It presents a method for reducing voltage and frequency fluctuations in an AC smart grid during islanding by controlling photovoltaic power output and wind turbine pitch angle. The smart grid system consists of photovoltaics, a wind turbine generator, controllable loads, and an inverter. Simulation results show that by applying power control of the photovoltaics and varying the wind turbine's pitch angle, voltage and frequency deviations caused by renewable energy fluctuations can be suppressed, allowing stable power supply even during islanding operation.
A solar PV array system is comprised of the following components - solar cells, panel modules, and an array system. Thus, overall optimal design of a solar PV system involves the optimal design of the components at three levels - solar cell, panel module, and array. In the present work, a comparison between different optimization methods is applied to design optimization of single channel Photovoltaic (SCPVT) system. The purpose of these methodologies is to obtain optimum values of the design parameters of SCPVT system, such that the overall economic profit is maximized throughout the PV system lifetime operational period which is not directly calculated in our work rather energy efficiency is calculated . Out of many design parameters available for this system, in the present work only few parameters are taken. The optimal design parameters chosen here are length of channel, depth of channel, velocity of fluid in the cell, and temperature of the cell. The objective function of the proposed optimization algorithm which is Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) implemented for design optimization of the system is the energy efficiency, which has to be maximized.
Simulation of generalized hybrid model for solar and wind power generationIJERA Editor
Due to urbanization, globalization and industrialization the demand for energy is rapidly increasing allows the world and India is not an exception. Out of all energies electrical energy is playing a major role in developed as well as developing countries. The energy is mostly produced by fossil fuels which are developing day his is to by day .they also produce lot of pollutants which totally damage the environment the alternative to this is to encourage renewable energy source. Now days the energy production at domestic level is becoming popular with the help of solar and wind energies . These technologies are widely used now days in the present paper an attempt has been made to simulate a generalized hybrid model including solar and wind.
Wind Turbine Generator Tied To Grid Using Inverter Techniques and Its DesignsIJSRD
The document proposes a method for connecting small 300W wind turbine generators directly to the grid using inverter techniques, without the need for batteries. It describes using a permanent magnet generator coupled with a boost converter and three-phase inverter to stabilize voltage and maximize power extraction using MPPT control. Simulation results show that the proposed system is able to maintain grid voltage and power local loads by controlling active and reactive power flow.
Direct and indirect vector control of a doubly fed induction generator based ...IJECEIAES
In the recent years, the development and the exploitation of renewable energy knew a great evolution. Among these energy resources, the wind power represents an important potential for that the wind system has been the subject of several researches. The purpose of this study is to improve the power extracted from wind energy, taking into consideration the variation of wind speed which causes a problem in energy production. For this purpose, we have controlled the powers whether it is active or reactive delivered by the generator. This paper, presents essentially the modeling and control of doubly- fed induction generator (DFIG), which is connected to a variable speed wind turbine. Firstly, the model of the wind power system with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy is shown. Then, the modeling of doubly- fed induction generator (DFIG) and its power control is presented. Finnaly, to ensure the attitude of these controls the simulations is presented in the Matlab/Simulink environment.
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
Photovoltaic (PV) cell from solar energy is one of the most widely adopted renewable energy source and commercially available system that can be used in various applications. More appealing application of PV arrays used in thermoelectric (TE) device was it can convert solar thermal energy from temperature difference into electric energy to act as power generators. In this study, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector. The matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation. The effect of various parameters also investigated. The mass flow rate of range 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s and solar intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2 and 800 W/m2 was used to obtain outlet temperature, To in the range about 28.9oC to 43.7oC and PV temperature, Tp about 35.3oC to 60oC.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Tracking of Maximum Power from Wind Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Based On PMSGIJMER
Wind energy has gained a growing worldwide interest due to the nonstop rise in fuel cost.
The main aim of the wind-energy system is to extract the maximum power present in the wind stream. In
order to extract the highest power, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used. This
paper proposes the fuzzy logic MPPT controller to track the maximum power from the wind generation
system. The maximum power is achieved based on the rotor speed of the wind system which consists of
wind turbine and PMSG. The error and change in error is given as input to the fuzzy logic and its output
is connected to the boost converter. The voltage from the dc link is controlled by the Voltage Source
Inverter (VSI), and it is placed in grid side converter control. The proposed system is designed and
evaluated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show the good dynamic performance of the
proposed system
A two level energy storage system for wind energy systemsSomkene Mbakwe
This document discusses a two-level energy storage system for wind energy systems. It proposes using supercapacitors for short-term energy storage to meet fast fluctuations in wind power, and lithium-ion batteries for long-term energy storage to meet large-scale capacity needs. The document analyzes wind power output data to determine the appropriate capacities of the two energy storage components. It finds that a two-level energy storage system can help smooth wind power fluctuations and maximize power sold to the grid.
Simulink Model for Cost-effective Analysis of Hybrid SystemIJMER
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates hybrid power systems using MATLAB Simulink. The key points are:
1) The model simulates three cases - a diesel-only system, diesel with battery system, and a PV-diesel-battery hybrid system - to analyze cost effectiveness over one year.
2) Parameters like fuel consumption, energy per gallon, and total fuel costs are calculated and used to determine the energy payback period and simple payback time.
3) Simulation results are compared to predictions from HOMER software, finding differences in efficiencies and operational characteristics between the two models.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A grid connected hybrid generation system (HGS) consisting of wind energy conversion System (WECS)/Photo voltaic (PV) System/solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is designed and simulated by using Matlab/Simulink. SOFC is the replacement of battery, attached to produce the clean energy when these renewable energy sources are unable to produce required amount of electric power. A controller is used to regulate the flow of H2 through the valveto the SOFC and the rest amount of H2 is stored in storage tank. Also, an operational control strategy (OCS) is developed to utilize maximum amount of power of PV to the required load and rest amount of power is coming from wind to fulfill the load demand. Hence, the electrolyzer is supplied by the wind power to convert the water in to H2 and oxygen. Also the power quality factor (PQF) analysis is exercised to measure the quality of power transmission.
This paper proposes a feedback linearization control of doubly fed induction generator based wind energy systems for improving decoupled control of the active and reactive powers stator. In order to enhance dynamic performance of the controller studied, the adopted control is reinforced by a fuzzy logic controller. This approach is designed without any model of rotor flux estimation. The difficulty of measuring of rotor flux is overcome by using high gain observer. The stability of the nonlinear observer is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations using MATLAB-SIMULINK shown clearly the robustness of the proposed control, particularly to the disturbance rejection and parametric variations compared with the conventional method.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document describes a proposed machine to help improve the livelihoods of farmers in India by enabling them to produce agro-based incense sticks (Agarbattis) using locally available agricultural waste. The machine aims to keep costs low so that farmers can afford to purchase or rent it. It is intended to provide farmers with supplemental income by allowing production of a daily consumable good using raw materials that have little to no cost. The document reviews the current incense market and production methods, identifies issues currently facing Indian farmers, and outlines the proposed design of the machine.
This document summarizes research on using a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) flexible AC transmission system device to enhance power quality in transmission lines. It first provides background on increasing power demand, transmission losses, and the need for FACTS devices. It then describes the basic components and operating principle of a UPFC, which can simultaneously control active and reactive power flows. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that a UPFC can effectively increase real and reactive power delivery by controlling the angle of injected voltage. The UPFC provides improved power quality over other FACTS devices by allowing fast, reliable control of transmission parameters.
Transient analysis and modeling of wind generator during power and grid volta...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on transient analysis and modeling of a wind generator during power and grid voltage drops. It discusses a grid-connected wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) that is fed by an AC-DC-AC converter. The stator is directly connected to the grid while the rotor is connected through converters. During transient events like voltage drops, efficient control strategies are needed to improve stability of the DFIG. The document also provides modeling details of the wind turbine, transmission system, and distribution system components involved in the wind energy system.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Yayah Zakaria
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind
speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System Interconnected with ...idescitation
This document summarizes a paper that models and simulates a wind energy conversion system connected to a radial distribution system. It presents the modeling of various components of the wind energy system, including the wind turbine, induction generator, rectifier, DC link controller, inverter, and an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm. The performance of the wind energy conversion system is analyzed when connected to IEEE 15 bus radial distribution system in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that integrating distributed generation at optimal locations and sizes can reduce power losses, improve voltage profiles, and increase reliability indices of the distribution system.
Wind and solar integrated to smart grid using islanding operationiaemedu
This document discusses integrating wind and solar power into a smart grid system using islanding operation. It presents a method for reducing voltage and frequency fluctuations in an AC smart grid during islanding by controlling photovoltaic power output and wind turbine pitch angle. The smart grid system consists of photovoltaics, a wind turbine generator, controllable loads, and an inverter. Simulation results show that by applying power control of the photovoltaics and varying the wind turbine's pitch angle, voltage and frequency deviations caused by renewable energy fluctuations can be suppressed, allowing stable power supply even during islanding operation.
A solar PV array system is comprised of the following components - solar cells, panel modules, and an array system. Thus, overall optimal design of a solar PV system involves the optimal design of the components at three levels - solar cell, panel module, and array. In the present work, a comparison between different optimization methods is applied to design optimization of single channel Photovoltaic (SCPVT) system. The purpose of these methodologies is to obtain optimum values of the design parameters of SCPVT system, such that the overall economic profit is maximized throughout the PV system lifetime operational period which is not directly calculated in our work rather energy efficiency is calculated . Out of many design parameters available for this system, in the present work only few parameters are taken. The optimal design parameters chosen here are length of channel, depth of channel, velocity of fluid in the cell, and temperature of the cell. The objective function of the proposed optimization algorithm which is Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) implemented for design optimization of the system is the energy efficiency, which has to be maximized.
Simulation of generalized hybrid model for solar and wind power generationIJERA Editor
Due to urbanization, globalization and industrialization the demand for energy is rapidly increasing allows the world and India is not an exception. Out of all energies electrical energy is playing a major role in developed as well as developing countries. The energy is mostly produced by fossil fuels which are developing day his is to by day .they also produce lot of pollutants which totally damage the environment the alternative to this is to encourage renewable energy source. Now days the energy production at domestic level is becoming popular with the help of solar and wind energies . These technologies are widely used now days in the present paper an attempt has been made to simulate a generalized hybrid model including solar and wind.
Wind Turbine Generator Tied To Grid Using Inverter Techniques and Its DesignsIJSRD
The document proposes a method for connecting small 300W wind turbine generators directly to the grid using inverter techniques, without the need for batteries. It describes using a permanent magnet generator coupled with a boost converter and three-phase inverter to stabilize voltage and maximize power extraction using MPPT control. Simulation results show that the proposed system is able to maintain grid voltage and power local loads by controlling active and reactive power flow.
Direct and indirect vector control of a doubly fed induction generator based ...IJECEIAES
In the recent years, the development and the exploitation of renewable energy knew a great evolution. Among these energy resources, the wind power represents an important potential for that the wind system has been the subject of several researches. The purpose of this study is to improve the power extracted from wind energy, taking into consideration the variation of wind speed which causes a problem in energy production. For this purpose, we have controlled the powers whether it is active or reactive delivered by the generator. This paper, presents essentially the modeling and control of doubly- fed induction generator (DFIG), which is connected to a variable speed wind turbine. Firstly, the model of the wind power system with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy is shown. Then, the modeling of doubly- fed induction generator (DFIG) and its power control is presented. Finnaly, to ensure the attitude of these controls the simulations is presented in the Matlab/Simulink environment.
A Technique for Shunt Active Filter meld micro grid SystemIJERA Editor
The proposed system presents a control technique for a micro grid connected hybrid generation system ith case study interfaced with a three phase shunt active filter to suppress the current harmonics and reactive power present in the load using PQ Theory with ANN controller. This Hybrid Micro Grid is developed using freely renewable energy resources like Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) and Wind Energy (WE). To extract the maximum available power from PV panels and wind turbines, Maximum power point Tracker (MPPT) has been included. This MPPT uses the “Standard Perturbs and Observe” technique. By using PQ Theory with ANN Controller, the Reference currents are generated which are to be injected by Shunt active power filter (SAPF)to compensate the current harmonics in the non linear load. Simulation studies shows that the proposed control technique performs non-linear load current harmonic compensation maintaining the load current in phase with the source voltage.
Photovoltaic (PV) cell from solar energy is one of the most widely adopted renewable energy source and commercially available system that can be used in various applications. More appealing application of PV arrays used in thermoelectric (TE) device was it can convert solar thermal energy from temperature difference into electric energy to act as power generators. In this study, a theoretical model is developed by using conducting steady state energy analysis of a PVT-TE air collector. The matrix inversion method is used to obtain energy balance equation. The effect of various parameters also investigated. The mass flow rate of range 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s and solar intensity of 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2 and 800 W/m2 was used to obtain outlet temperature, To in the range about 28.9oC to 43.7oC and PV temperature, Tp about 35.3oC to 60oC.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Tracking of Maximum Power from Wind Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Based On PMSGIJMER
Wind energy has gained a growing worldwide interest due to the nonstop rise in fuel cost.
The main aim of the wind-energy system is to extract the maximum power present in the wind stream. In
order to extract the highest power, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used. This
paper proposes the fuzzy logic MPPT controller to track the maximum power from the wind generation
system. The maximum power is achieved based on the rotor speed of the wind system which consists of
wind turbine and PMSG. The error and change in error is given as input to the fuzzy logic and its output
is connected to the boost converter. The voltage from the dc link is controlled by the Voltage Source
Inverter (VSI), and it is placed in grid side converter control. The proposed system is designed and
evaluated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show the good dynamic performance of the
proposed system
A two level energy storage system for wind energy systemsSomkene Mbakwe
This document discusses a two-level energy storage system for wind energy systems. It proposes using supercapacitors for short-term energy storage to meet fast fluctuations in wind power, and lithium-ion batteries for long-term energy storage to meet large-scale capacity needs. The document analyzes wind power output data to determine the appropriate capacities of the two energy storage components. It finds that a two-level energy storage system can help smooth wind power fluctuations and maximize power sold to the grid.
Simulink Model for Cost-effective Analysis of Hybrid SystemIJMER
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates hybrid power systems using MATLAB Simulink. The key points are:
1) The model simulates three cases - a diesel-only system, diesel with battery system, and a PV-diesel-battery hybrid system - to analyze cost effectiveness over one year.
2) Parameters like fuel consumption, energy per gallon, and total fuel costs are calculated and used to determine the energy payback period and simple payback time.
3) Simulation results are compared to predictions from HOMER software, finding differences in efficiencies and operational characteristics between the two models.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A grid connected hybrid generation system (HGS) consisting of wind energy conversion System (WECS)/Photo voltaic (PV) System/solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is designed and simulated by using Matlab/Simulink. SOFC is the replacement of battery, attached to produce the clean energy when these renewable energy sources are unable to produce required amount of electric power. A controller is used to regulate the flow of H2 through the valveto the SOFC and the rest amount of H2 is stored in storage tank. Also, an operational control strategy (OCS) is developed to utilize maximum amount of power of PV to the required load and rest amount of power is coming from wind to fulfill the load demand. Hence, the electrolyzer is supplied by the wind power to convert the water in to H2 and oxygen. Also the power quality factor (PQF) analysis is exercised to measure the quality of power transmission.
This paper proposes a feedback linearization control of doubly fed induction generator based wind energy systems for improving decoupled control of the active and reactive powers stator. In order to enhance dynamic performance of the controller studied, the adopted control is reinforced by a fuzzy logic controller. This approach is designed without any model of rotor flux estimation. The difficulty of measuring of rotor flux is overcome by using high gain observer. The stability of the nonlinear observer is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations using MATLAB-SIMULINK shown clearly the robustness of the proposed control, particularly to the disturbance rejection and parametric variations compared with the conventional method.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document describes a proposed machine to help improve the livelihoods of farmers in India by enabling them to produce agro-based incense sticks (Agarbattis) using locally available agricultural waste. The machine aims to keep costs low so that farmers can afford to purchase or rent it. It is intended to provide farmers with supplemental income by allowing production of a daily consumable good using raw materials that have little to no cost. The document reviews the current incense market and production methods, identifies issues currently facing Indian farmers, and outlines the proposed design of the machine.
This document summarizes research on using a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) flexible AC transmission system device to enhance power quality in transmission lines. It first provides background on increasing power demand, transmission losses, and the need for FACTS devices. It then describes the basic components and operating principle of a UPFC, which can simultaneously control active and reactive power flows. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that a UPFC can effectively increase real and reactive power delivery by controlling the angle of injected voltage. The UPFC provides improved power quality over other FACTS devices by allowing fast, reliable control of transmission parameters.
This document discusses mass spectrometry techniques for protein analysis. It begins with an introduction to mass spectrometry and its use in proteomics to study protein structure and interactions. The document then reviews several tools for protein prediction and analysis using mass spectrometry data, including database search algorithms like SEQUEST and Mascot as well as de novo sequencing algorithms. It also discusses tools for MS/MS peptide quantification and data visualization. Finally, it covers challenges in mass spectrometry data analysis and different types of data representations.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for enhancing power system stability by controlling high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power flow through existing alternating current (AC) transmission lines. The method involves converting existing double circuit AC lines into composite AC-DC lines by allowing the lines to simultaneously carry AC power and superimposed DC power. This is done without requiring any changes to the conductors, insulators, or towers of the original AC line. The addition of controlled DC power flow improves stability and allows the lines to be loaded closer to their thermal limits. Simulation and experimental studies were carried out to validate the coordinated and independent control of AC and DC power flows through the converted lines.
Study Effective of Wind Load on Behavior of ShearWall in Frame StructureIJERA Editor
Wind load is really the result of wind pressures acting on the building surfaces during a wind event. This wind
pressure is primarily a function of the wind speed because the pressure or load increases with the square of the
wind velocity.Structural walls, or shear walls, are elements used to resist lateral loads, such as those generated
by wind and earthquakes. Structural walls are considerably deeper than typical beams or columns. This attribute
gives structural walls considerable in-plane stiffness which makes structural walls a natural choice for resisting
lateral loads. In addition to considerable strength, structural walls can dissipate a great deal of energy if detailed
properly. Walls are an invaluable structural element when protecting buildings from seismic events. Buildings
often rely on structural walls as the main lateral force resisting system. Shear walls are required to perform in
multiple ways. Shear walls can then be designed to limit building damage to the specified degree. The loaddeformation
response of the structural walls must be accurately predicted and related to structural damage in
order to achieve these performance goals under loading events of various magnitudes. The applied load is
generally transferred to the wall by a diaphragm or collector or drag member. The performance of the framed
buildings depends on the structural system adopted for the structure The term structural system or structural
frame in structural engineering refers to load-resisting sub-system of a structure. The structural system
transfers loads through interconnected structural components or members. These structural systems need to be
chosen based on its height and loads and need to be carried out, etc. The selection of appropriate structural
systems for building must satisfy both strength and stiffness requirements. The structural system must be
adequate to resist lateral and gravity loads that cause horizontal shear deformation and overturning deformation.
The efficiency of a structural system is measured in terms of their ability to resist lateral load, which increases
with the height of the frame. A building can be considered as tall when the effect of lateral loads is reflected in
the design. Lateral deflections of framed buildings should be limited to prevent damage to both structural and
nonstructural elements. In the present study, the structural performance of the framed building with shear wall
will be analysis.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
O documento discute o uso de tecnologia na escola EMEF Antonio Fernandes de Almeida. Alguns professores usam tecnologias simples em seus planos de aula e projetos para inovar o conhecimento dos alunos, enquanto outros estão começando a adotar a tecnologia. O documento também lista planejamentos, aulas e cronogramas para uso da sala de informática como modalidades de uso de tecnologia na escola.
1) O cilindro oscilará com uma frequência natural de 3,9 Hz, já que sua massa é de 10 kg e cada mola tem rigidez de 2,3 kN/m.
2) Para manter as frequências originais, a rigidez equivalente de uma única mola deve ser a soma das rigidezes individuais.
3) A constante máxima de cada mola é de 474 kN/m para manter a frequência abaixo de 3 Hz quando descarregada. Carregada com 40 toneladas, a frequência será de 0,905 Hz
Kandula Harihar received the On The Spot Award on February 26, 2016 in appreciation of his outstanding contribution to the organization. He is considered an inspiring role model to his colleagues due to his dedication and commitment to his work. The document expresses gratitude to Kandula Harihar for his service.
Este documento contém vários provérbios e frases curtas sobre felicidade, relacionamentos, dinheiro e outras temas da vida. Muitas das frases dão conselhos irônicos ou questionáveis sobre como lidar com problemas e situações da vida.
La Joven Orquesta Autónoma de Cantabria debutó en Cabezón de la Sal ante una gran multitud. En la primera parte del concierto tocaron piezas clásicas como de Pachelbel y Händel. En la segunda parte interpretaron bandas sonoras como de las películas Amélie y El Señor de los Anillos. La orquesta está formada por 30 músicos de los conservatorios de la región y busca darse a conocer y demostrar la necesidad de una orquesta regional en Cantabria.
Modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based w...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article that models and analyzes the performance of a small-scale direct-driven wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected directly to the grid through a power electronic interface. It presents the modeling of the system components, including the wind turbine, PMSG, and power conditioning system consisting of a rectifier, boost chopper, and inverter. The power flow is analyzed for different wind velocities and the effect of duty ratio and modulation index on maximum power extraction is studied through MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations.
11.modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg base...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that models and analyzes the performance of a small-scale direct-driven wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The system includes a PMSG connected directly to the grid through a power electronic interface. The interface includes a rectifier, boost chopper, and inverter to convert the variable voltage/frequency output of the generator to a fixed voltage/frequency for the grid. The system components are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and simulations are performed to analyze power flow under different wind velocities. The effect of duty ratio and modulation index on maximum power extraction is also studied. Optimum duty ratios for different wind speeds are determined.
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using MatlabIOSR Journals
This document presents a model and analysis of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) using MATLAB. It summarizes the components that make up a WECS, including the wind turbine, generator, controller, rectifier-inverter, battery, load equipment, and transformer/grid. It then models each component in MATLAB, including the wind turbine blades, drive train dynamics, asynchronous generator, and reduction of the generator order for stability studies. The modeling is used to simulate a test case of a WECS both as a standalone system and grid-connected to analyze its performance and stability when interfaced with the grid.
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas ApplicationIAES-IJPEDS
This document describes an advanced control system for a wind electric pumping system used in isolated areas. The system includes a self-excited induction generator, PWM rectifier, PWM inverter, and induction motor coupled to a centrifugal pump. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme, which uses rotor flux orientation control and fuzzy logic regulation, effectively controls the DC bus voltage of the induction generator and the pump speed under changing wind speeds. The control aims to provide a desired water flow by varying the pump speed reference while maintaining a stable DC voltage supply.
Environmental factors such as air pollution and increase in global warming by using polluting fuels are the most important reasons of using renewable and clean energy that runs in global community. Wind energy is one of the most suitable and widely used kind of renewable energy which had been in consideration so well. This paper introduces an electric power generation
system of wind based on Y-source and improved Y-source inverter to deliver optimal electrical power to the network. This new converter is from impedance source converters family. This presented converter has more degrees of freedom to adjust voltage gain and modulation. Also, by limiting the range of simultaneous control (shooting through) while it maintains the
highest power of maximizer, it can operate in higher modulation range. This causes the reduce of stress in switching and thus it will improve the quality of output. Recommended system had been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and shown results indicate accurate functionality.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Control of the powerquality for a DFIG powered by multilevel inverters IJECEIAES
This paper treats the modeling, and the control of a wind power system based on a doubly fed induction generator DFIG, the stator is directly connected to the grid, while the rotor is powered by multilevel inverters. In order to get a decoupled system of controlfor an independently transits of active and reactive power, a vector control method based on stator flux orientation SFOC is considered: Direct vector control based on PI controllers. Cascaded H-bridge CHBI multilevel inverters are used in the rotor circuit to study its effect on supply power quality. All simulation models are built in MATLAB/Simulink software. Results and waveforms clearly show the effectiveness of vector control strategy. Finally, performances of the system will tested and compared for each levels of inverter.
Analysis of wind turbine driven permanent magnet synchronous generator under ...Alexander Decker
This document analyzes the operation of a wind turbine driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) under different loading conditions. It presents a model of a PMSG wind energy system in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model includes a wind turbine model, drive train model, and PMSG model. Equations describing the behavior of each component are introduced. Simulation results show the PMSG can operate over a wide range of conditions with different load types and indicate the effect of different load types on operation. The PMSG is found to effectively operate in standalone mode when loaded with resistive, inductive, and nonlinear loads.
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a direct power control and power transfer matrix model for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system (WES). Control of DFIG wind turbine system is traditionally based on either stator- flux-oriented or stator-voltage-oriented vector control. The performance of Direct Power Control (DPC) and Power transfer Matrix control for the same wind speed are studied. The Power transfer matrix Control gave better results. The validity and performance of the proposed modelling and control approaches are investigated using a study system consisting of a grid connected DFIG WES. The performance of DFIG with Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power Control (DPC) techniques are obtained through simulation. The time domain simulation of the study system using MATLAB Simulink is carried out. The results obtained in the two cases are compared.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...IJECEIAES
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode ControlIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the study of a variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a Wound Field Synchronous Generator (WFSG) based on a Fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) applied to achieve control of active and reactive powers exchanged between the stator of the WFSG and the grid to ensure a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a wind energy conversion system. However the principal drawback of the sliding mode, is the chattering effect which characterized by torque ripple, this phenomena is undesirable and harmful for the machines, it generates noises and additional forces of torsion on the machine shaft. A direct fuzzy logic controller is designed and the sliding mode controller is added to compensate the fuzzy approximation errors. The simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method, in terms of convergence, time and precision.
The following article presents the control of the power generated by the Doubly Fed Induction Generator, integrated into the wind system, whose rotor is linked to the power converters (Rotor Side Convert (RSC) and Grid Side Converter (GSC)) interfaced by the DC-BUS and connected to the grid via a filter (Rf, Lf) in order to obtain an optimal power to the grid and to ensure system stability. The objective of this study is to understand and to make the comparison between Sliding mode Control technique and the Flux Oriented Control in order to control the Doubly Fed Induction Generator powers exchanged with the grid, it also aims at maintaining the DC-BUS voltage constant and a unit power factor at the grid connection point.The results of simulation show the performance of the Sliding mode Control in terms of monitoring, and robustness with regard to the parametric variations, compared to the Flux Oriented Control. The performance of the systems was tested and compared with the use of MATLAB/Simulink software.
In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Various wind turbine concepts with different generator topologies have been developed to convert this abundant energy into electric power. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the most common type of generator used in wind farms. Usually the DFIG generator is a wound rotor induction machine, where the stator circuit is directly connected to grid while the rotor’s winding is connected to the grid via a three-phase converter. This paper describes an approach for the independent control of the active and reactive powers of the variable-speed DFIG. The simulation model including a 1.5 MW-DFIG driven by a wind turbine, a PWM back-to-back inverter and the proposed control strategy are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems environment.
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a fuzzy logic controller-based maximum power point tracking system for an integrated generator-rectifier system used in offshore wind turbines. The system combines a permanent magnet synchronous generator with active and passive rectifiers. A fuzzy logic controller analyzes the d-axis current of the active rectifier to achieve maximum power point tracking and improve the efficiency of the wind energy conversion system. The proposed method is assessed using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. It is suggested that the integrated system using a fuzzy logic controller can help reduce the levelized cost of energy for offshore wind power applications.
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil sources. The yield of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of the wind, the turbine power curve and the ability of the generator to respond to fluctuations in the wind. This article presented the MPPT of a wind turbine system equipped with an asynchronous generator has dual power under MatlabSimulink program, in the first time we simulated all the conversion chain with complete model of DFIG and vector control in second stepthen applied the extracted maximum power MPPT strategists, this command is effective and has several advantages it offered to kept the maximum power delivered to network despite all the parameter is change.
Frequency control in a microgrid including controllable loadIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for frequency control in microgrids that includes renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and controllable loads. The microgrid model analyzed includes solar power, wind power, batteries, supercapacitors, and electric water heaters. The document describes the components of the microgrid, simulation parameters and assumptions. Frequency control is achieved by coordinating the energy storage devices and generators using optimized proportional-integral controllers. Electric water heaters can also help control frequency by adjusting their operating temperature setpoints in response to frequency deviations.
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a vector control direct (FOC) of double fed induction generator intended to control the generated stator powers. This device is intended to be implemented in a variable-speed wind-energy conversion system connected to the grid. In order to control the active and reactive power exchanged between the machine stator and the grid, the rotor is fed by a bi-directional converter. The DFIG is controlled by standard relay controllers. Details of the control strategy and system simulation were performed using Simulink and the results are presented in this here to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
Fuzzy optimization strategy of the maximum power point tracking for a variab...IJECEIAES
Wind power systems are gaining more and more interests; in order to diminish dependence on fossil fuels. In this paper, we present a variable speed-wind energy global system based on a synchronous generator with permanent magnetic (PMSG). The major goal of this study is to track the maximum power that is present in the turbine. An examination of control methods to extract the MPPT point, from a wind energy conversion system (WECS) under variable speed situations is presented. An intelligent controller based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) is proposed for regulating permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) output power, in order to improve tracking performance. The principle of this maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm consists in looking for an optimal operating relation of the maximum power, then tracking this last. We simulated our system with MATLAB-Simulink software. The found results will be debated to elucidate performance of the global system.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
1. Harika Get al.Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applicationswww.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 7), April 2014, pp.05-12
www.ijera.com 5|P a g e
Design and Simulation of Dual Inverter Based Energy Storage
Systems for Wind Energy Systems Using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Harika G, Jayakumar N, Thrivonasundari D
M.Tech, Power Electronics, Department of EEE, The Oxford College of Engg, Bangalore, India
Asst.Professor, EEE Dept., The Oxford College of Engg, Bangalore, India
Asst.Professor, EEE Dept., The Oxford College of Engg, Bangalore, India
ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes the design and simulation of dual inverter based Energy Storage Systems(ESS) for wind
energy systems. A dual inverter consists of MAIN inverter which is connected to grid side and an auxiliary
inverter for which an energy storage system is interfaced. Typical grid connected wind energy systems includes
wind turbine, PMSG, DC-DC converters, three phase dual inverter ,energy storage system and related power
electronic devices. The detailed model of design and simulation of dual inverter based Wind energy system
starts with wind turbine coupled PMSG which is connected to three phase diode rectifier and Boost converter
which in-turn connected to a dual inverter which is used to deliver the wind energy to grid and also to store the
energy in energy storage systems during surplus periods. Also Short term power fluctuations are mitigated and
harmonics are reduced. Maximum Power point Tracking (MPPT) method, Energy storage system interfacing is
also studied. The overall system model is designed and simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
KEYWORDS: Dual inverter, Energy storage system, MPPT, PMSG, Wind turbine, MATLAB/SIMULINK
I INTRODUCTION
Due to the cost increase, limited reserves,
and adverse environmental impact of fossil fuels
renewable energy sources have been attracting great
attention. Among them, wind energy is one of the
fastest growing renewable energy sources. Wind
energy has gained an increasing worldwide interest
due to the continuous increase in fuel cost and the
need to have a clean source of energy. Wind is
naturally occurring and abundant resource and is
one of the cleanest ways to produce electricity.
The main objective of the wind energy systems is to
extract the maximum power available in the wind
stream. The change in the wind speed poses a great
threat to grid stability so; wind energy must be
supplemented with other energy storage systems to
ensure grid stability. Energy storage systems(ESS)
typically considered for wind applications include:
Pumped hydro, flywheels, batteries, supercapacitors,
compressed air, superconducting magnetic energy
storage systems and hydrogen. Their characteristics
(e.g., energy capacity, power capacity, cycles,
response time, efficiency and cost) are used to select
the suitable system for an application. Large
batteries, flywheels, supercapacitors and SMES are
chosen as promising storage options due to the
ability to directly specify a system with the
necessary power and energy capacity [1]. Among
them which have a relatively high energy storage
density simultaneously with a high power density is
used for energy storage system [2].
Figure 1: Block diagram of dual inverter based
energy storage system for wind energy systems
In this paper, auxiliary inverter acts as active filter
and it operates at highswitching frequency. It will
reduce the harmonics produced by main inverter as
it operates at low frequency. As wind speed is
intermittent in nature due to this power fluctuations
will occur.
Power fluctuations are periodic dips or spikes in the
electrical current. Block diagram as shown in
figure1 consists of wind turbine coupled PMSG
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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which is connected to dual inverter through a diode
rectifier and an intermediate boost converter which
is used to extract maximum power from wind
turbine. Power electronic interface devices are used
for charging/discharging of energy storage system.
The associated theoretical and analytical formalism
is used to validate the solution. The simulation
results are presented.
II DUAL INVERTER BASED ENERGY
STORAGE SYSTEM FOR WIND ENERGY
SYSTEMS
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of energy storage
system for wind generation power system
Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of wind
energy generating systems interfacedwith energy
storage systems. The system consists of wind
turbine coupled PMSG, a DC/AC converter, DC/DC
unidirectional boost converter, AC/DC converter.
The PMSG output is connected to main inverter
through a diode rectifier and boost converter. The
energy storage system is interfaced with auxiliary
inverter.
The wind turbine is regulated by DC/DC boost
converter to a fixed dc output and is used to provide
the power required by the grid. The energy storage
system may be a battery bank, fuel cell,
supercapacitor bank which is connected to auxiliary
inverter. When the wind speed is high the excess
energy can be saved in energy storage system which
is used to charge the energy storage system.
A) Modelling of wind turbine:
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic
energy from the wind into electrical power. The
kinetic energy obtained by the blades from the wind
is transformed to mechanical torque on the rotor
shaft of the wind turbine[3]. The power obtained
from the wind can be calculated asshown
𝑷 𝒘 =
𝟏
𝟐
𝝆 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝑨 𝒓 𝑽 𝒘
𝟑
𝑪 𝒑(𝝀, 𝜷) (1)
Where,airis the air density,
Vwis the wind speed experienced by the rotor
Ar is the swept rotor area
Cp(λ,β)is the power coefficient
The power coefficient depends upon tip-speed ratioλ
and pitch angle of blades β.
𝝀 =
𝑹𝝎
𝐯 (2)
The torque on the rotor shaft, can be calculated from
the power with the help of the rotational speed
𝑻 𝑨 =
𝑷 𝒘
𝝎
(3)
𝑻 𝑨 =
𝑷 𝒘
𝝎
=
𝟏
𝟐
𝝆 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝑨 𝒓
𝑽 𝒘
𝝎
𝟑
𝑪 𝒑
𝑻 𝑨 =
𝟏
𝟐
𝝆 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝝅𝐑 𝟑
𝑽 𝒘
𝟐 𝑪 𝒑
⅄
(4)
The wind turbine torque coefficient can be
expressed as
𝑪 𝑻 = 𝑪 𝒑/𝝀 (5)
𝑻 𝑨 =
𝟏
𝟐
𝝆 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝝅𝐑 𝟑
𝑽 𝒘
𝟐
𝑪 𝑻 (6)
B) Dynamic model of PMSG:
Figure 3 shows a general dq-axis model of a
synchronous generator. To model the rotor circuit,
the field current in the rotor winding is represented
by a constant current source Ifin the d-axis circuit.in
the PMSG, the permanent magnet that replaces the
field winding can be modelled by an equivalent
current If with a fixed magnitude.
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Figure 3: dq-axis model for PMSG
To simplify the PMSG, the following mathematical
manipulations can be performed. The voltage
equations for the synchronous generator are given
by
𝑽 𝒅𝒔 = −𝑹 𝒔 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 − 𝝎 𝒓 𝝀 𝒒𝒔 + 𝒑𝝀 𝒅𝒔 (7)
𝑽 𝒒𝒔 = −𝑹 𝒔 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 − 𝝎 𝒓 𝝀 𝒅𝒔 + 𝒑𝝀 𝒒𝒔 (8)
Where λds and λqsare the d-axis and q-axis stator flux
linkages.
𝝀 𝒅𝒔 = −𝑳 𝒅 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 + 𝝀 𝒓 (9)
𝝀 𝒒𝒔 = −𝑳 𝒒 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 (10)
Where λr,is the rotor flux, and Ld and Lq are the
stator dq-axis self-inductances, defined by
𝝀 𝒓 = 𝑳 𝒅𝒎 𝑰 𝒇 (11)
𝑳 𝒅 = 𝑳𝒍𝒔 + 𝑳 𝒅𝒎 (12)
𝑳 𝒒 = 𝑳𝒍𝒔 + 𝑳 𝒒𝒎 (13)
Substituting and corresponding dλr/dt =0 for
constant λrinthe PMSG, we have
𝑽 𝒅𝒔 = −𝑹 𝒔 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 + 𝝎 𝒓 𝑳 𝒒 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 − 𝑳 𝒅 𝒑𝒊 𝒅𝒔 (14)
𝑽 𝒒𝒔 = −𝑹 𝒔 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 − 𝝎 𝒓 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 + 𝝎𝝀 𝒓 −
𝑳 𝒒 𝒑𝒊 𝒒𝒔(15)
The electromagnetic torque produced by the
Synchronous generator canbecalculated by
𝑻 𝒆 =
𝟑𝒑
𝟐
(𝒊 𝒒𝒔 𝝀 𝒅𝒔 − 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 𝝀 𝒒𝒔) (16)
Substituting into 4, we have
𝑻 𝒆 =
𝟑𝒑
𝟐
[𝝀 𝒓 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 − (𝑳 𝒅 − 𝑳 𝒒 )𝒊 𝒅𝒔 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 (17)
The rotor speed ωr is governed by motion equation
𝝎 𝒓 =
𝑷
𝑱𝑺
(𝑻 𝒆 − 𝑻 𝒎) (18)
To derive the SG model for dynamic simulation of
synchronous generators, eqation is rearranged as,
𝒊 𝒅𝒔 =
𝟏
𝑺
(−𝒗 𝒅𝒔 − 𝑹 𝒔 𝒊 𝒅𝒔 + 𝝎 𝒓 𝑳 𝒒 𝒊 𝒒𝒔)/ Ld(19)
𝒊 𝒒𝒔 =
𝟏
𝑺
(−𝒗 𝒒𝒔 − 𝑹 𝒔 𝒊 𝒒𝒔 + 𝝎 𝒓 𝑳 𝒅 𝒊 𝒅𝒔)/ Lq (20)
Based on the above three equations the block
diagram for computer simulation of the SG is
derived the input variables of the SG model are the
dq-axis stator voltages Vds and vqs, the rotor flux
linkage λr and the mechanical torque Tm, whereas
the output variables are the dq-axis stator currents ids
and iqs, the rotor mechanical speed ωm, and the
electromagnetic torque Te.
C) Three phase diode rectifier:
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts
alternating current (AC), which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current (DC). This
process is known as rectification. The diode rectifier
converts variable generator voltage to a DC
voltage[4]. Because of the alternating nature of the
input AC sine wave, the process rectification alone
produces a DC current that, though unidirectional,
consists of pulse of current.
D) Boost Converter:
The DC/DC boost converter is one of the converter
often used in synchronous generator (SG) based
wind energy conversion systems. The DC-DC
converters can be used as switching mode regulators
to convert an unregulated dc voltage to a regulated
dc output voltage [6].
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Figure 4: Boost Converter
When the switch SW is closed i.e., ON state, the
boost inductor current increases and energy is stored
in inductor and the diode D1 is turned off. When the
switch SW is open OFF state the stored energy in
inductor is released through the diode to the load.
When the switch SW is ON, the total sum of the
inductor voltage and the input voltage appears
across the load voltage when the switch SW is OFF,
the inductor is charged from the input voltage V.
When the switch is closed, on state the inductor
charged from the input voltage sourceVin and the
capacitor discharges
Design values:
The duty cycle, d= Ton/T (20)
Where T=1/f (21)
Inductor,L =d(1-d)2
R/2f (22)
Capacitor,C=d/2Rf (23)
E) Modelling of three phase dual
inverter:
The proposed three phase dual inverter consists of
main inverter, and an auxiliary inverter. Inverter is
a two-level voltage source converter. The converter
is composed of six switches Sw1 to Sw6, with an
anti-parallel free-wheeling diodeforeach switch.
When the converter transforms a fixed DC voltage
to a three-phase AC voltage with variable magnitude
and frequency for an AC load it is often called Main
inverter.
When the converter transforms an AC grid voltage
with fixed magnitude and frequency to an adjustable
DC voltage for a DC load, it is normally known as
an active rectifier or PWM rectifier. Whether it
serves as an inverter or a rectifier, the power flow in
the converter circuit is bidirectional [4].
Figure 5: Three phase dual inverter
The proposed system consists of DUAL
inverter as shown in Figure in which the main
inverter operates in six-step mode, which moves
slowly from one vector to the next. The main
converter is often connected to an electric grid, and
delivers the power generated from the generator to
the grid. Square wave outputs are obtained from
main inverter which gets smoothened by auxiliary
inverter and it operates at low-frequency operation.
Auxiliary inverter acts as an active filter, and it is
operated at high switching frequency and it uses
Space vector modulation (SVM). Space vector
modulation (SVM) is one of the real-time
modulation technique and is used for digital control
of voltage source inverters. The active and zero
switching states can be represented by active and
zero space vectors. The six active vectors V1 to V6
from a regular hexagon with six equal vectors. The
zero vector V0 lies at the centre of the hexagon.
Assuming the operation of the inverter is three-
phased balanced,
Va(t) + Vb(t) + Vc(t) = 0 (24)
Va, Vb, Vcare the instantaneous load phase voltages.
It is possible to transform the three-phase variables
to two phase variables through the abc/αβ
transformation
The active switching states of load phase voltages
are
Va(t)=
𝟐
𝟑
Vdc, Vb(t)=
𝟐
𝟑
Vdc Vc(t)=
𝟐
𝟑
Vdc (25)
The dual inverter topology injects the wind energy
to the load, and energy storage system and reduces
power fluctuations in the grid side and makes
energy balance.
Dual inverter based energy storage systems need to
reduce powerfluctuations, provide energy
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balanceand reduce the cost, power losses and
complexity. If energy storage system is connected
with dc-dc converter then the complexity, cost will
increase. To solve these problems, the synchronous
reference frame proportional – integral (PI)
controller is used three phase inverters to obtain a
zero steady-state error.
F) Energy Storage System:
Power fluctuations are Due to the change in thewind
speed. Therefore the energy storage system
capacity is also a function of wind speed. The wind
is modelled as the sum of series of harmonics and dc
quantity.
The power captured from the wind is
vw(t) =Vw0+ ∆𝑽 𝒘𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝝎𝒊 𝒕) ( 26)
vw(t)=Vw0(1+0.2sin(2π/T*t) (27)
p(t)=0.5𝝆ACpvw(t)3
(28)
Wherevwis the instantaneous wind speed , Vw0 is the
mean wind speed., ∆Vwi is the harmonic amplitude,
ωiis the angular frequency, 𝝆 is the density of air, A
is the swept area of wind turbine blades and Cp is
the coefficient of power conversion. The power
fluctuations caused by wind speed have to be
compensated by the energy storage system.
In the proposed system battery is used as an
energy storage system. When the wind speed is
maximum the required energy is supplied to the
grid and the excess of energy is stored in the
battery and when the wind speed is low, the
energy from the battery is provided to the grid.
Figure 5 shows the battery which is modelled
as a nonlinear voltage source whose output voltage
depends not only on the current but also on the
battery state of charge (SOC), which is a nonlinear
function of the current and time represents a basic
model of battery.
Figure6: Internal circuit of battery model
Two parameters to represent state of a battery
i.e. terminal voltage and state of charge can be
written
Vb=V0+Rbib–K×Q/(Qπibdt)+A×exp(Bπibdt)
(29)
SOC=100(1+πibdt/Q) (30)
III MATLAB SIMULINK CIRCUITS
Simulink Model of dual inverterbased Energy
Storage Systems
Figure 7: Simulation model of dual inverter based
energy storage system
The complete system is modelled on
MATLABTM
R2013a and SIMULINKTM
. The
simulation figure shows the Simulink model of dual
inverter based energy storage system which consists
of wind turbine, Diode rectifier, boost converter,
three phase main and auxiliary inverter and battery.
Wind turbine is delivering power of 100KW to grid.
The output power of grid is 60KW and energy
storage system used here is a battery.
Battery is charged when the wind speed is
maximum and it discharges when the wind speed is
low. Battery is interfaced with the auxiliary inverter
of dual inverter topology.
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Wind turbine Simulink model
Figure 8: Simulink model of wind turbine coupled
PMSG
For the wind turbine coupled PMSG modelling
100KW input is given and different wind speeds are
given.
Simulink Model of Three Phase Inverter:
Figure9: Simulationmodel of three phase voltage
source inverter
Simulink model of internal circuit of Inverter
Figure 10: Simulink model of internal circuit of
control scheme of inverter
Figure 10 shows the control scheme of inverter.
Inverter employs inner current controller and output
power controller. The voltage and current injected
into the grid are converted into synchronous
reference frame. The direct component of the
inverter current controls the active current and the
quadrature component of the inverter current
controls reactive current. The reference active and
reactive current components are compared with
actual and the error is given to PI controller to
produce voltage references.
SIMULINK model of gate signal generator
Figure 11: Simulink model of Generating SVPWM
signals to gate terminal of inverter.
SIMULINK model of Battery:
Figure 12: Simulation model of Battery.
IV MATLAB SIMULINK WAVEFORMS:
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Figure 13: Waveforms for different wind speeds,
PMSG output voltage, and current.
With the wind turbine simulation model the wind
speeds are set to different values like 10m/s,
14m/s,8m/s and the pitch angle control as 25deg.the
input of PMSG is 100KW,the output voltage is
397V and the current is 198A.
Figure14: Boost converter output voltage and
Battery voltage waveforms
Figure15: Output Voltage and Current of battery
The above Figure.15 shows the output current and
voltage waveform of battery. The battery nominal
voltage is 430V DC, the capacity of battery is
1000Ah, DOD is 60%. At starting 0 to 1 seconds
wind turbine gives the required power to the load,
the battery is in open circuit condition so the battery
current is zero, voltage is around 430V. After 1 sec
WT and Battery is connected, so the battery current
starts increasing while battery voltage starts
decreasing.
Figure 16: Main inverter output voltage waveform.
Figure 16 shows the waveform of main inverter
voltage. Until battery chargeis not given to the grid
there are some disturbances in voltage after the
battery charge given the voltageisconstant. The
output voltage is 415V and current is 100A.
Figure 17: Output power of PMSG,Grid and Battery
Figurec17 shows the input power ranging from 30 to
100KW, and the grid output power is constant at
54KW and battery charging and discharging process
is also shown. For the first half time of the
simulation battery will charge if the energy is excess
and it discharges when the energy is in
demand.Thesimulated performance analysis of
voltage and current characteristics of battery are
determined in Figure. the battery is charged at the
rate of 50%. When the phase angle of battery
reduces a part of wind power is used for charging.
When there is reduction in wind power the stored
energy from battery is charged to the load which is
controlled by MPPT.
Conclusion and Future Scope
In this paper, energy storage systems are interfaced
with auxiliary inverter and power fluctuations are
mitigated and also energy balance is done. By using
ESS power losses, cost, complexity is reduced. The
results shown are charging and discharging of
battery for different wind speeds. The concept is
extended for the better energy storage system like
supercapacitor bank, modelling of multilevel
inverters with different control strategies to reduce
the fluctuations, harmonics significantly.
REFERENCES
[1.] “An Energy Storage System for Wind
Turbine Generators- Battery and
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Research, IJRER M.Mansour,
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Author’s Profile
HarikaGreceivedB.Tech degree
in EEE fromJNTU Hyderabad.
She is pursuing M.Tech in Power
Electronics at The Oxford College
of engineering,Bangalore.Her
research interest includes
Advances in Power Electronics
converters and Renewable Energy
sources, mitigating power
fluctuations in power system.
Jaykumar N received B.E degree
in EEE from
bharathidasanUniversity,Trichy
and M.Tech in power electronics
from SASTRA
University,Thanjavur.Presently
working as an Assistant Professor
in The oxford College Of
Engineering, Bangalore. He is a
Life member in
ISTE.Presentedpapers in national
and international Conferences. His
research interests are Power
Converters,Electrical Machines.
Thiruvonasundari.D received
B.E (EEE) from
BharathiyarCoimbatore.M.Tec
h (PE) from VTU .Presently
working as an Assistant
Professor in The oxford
College Of Engineering,
Bangalore. Her research
interests are Non-conventional
Energy, Switched mode
Converters.