This document describes an advanced control system for a wind electric pumping system used in isolated areas. The system includes a self-excited induction generator, PWM rectifier, PWM inverter, and induction motor coupled to a centrifugal pump. Simulation results show that the proposed control scheme, which uses rotor flux orientation control and fuzzy logic regulation, effectively controls the DC bus voltage of the induction generator and the pump speed under changing wind speeds. The control aims to provide a desired water flow by varying the pump speed reference while maintaining a stable DC voltage supply.
To Study, Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Using DSTA...ijtsrd
This project illustrates the execution of a three stage delivery static compensator DSTATCOM by using a back propagation BP control algorithm for its capacities, such as load balancing and zero voltage management of reactive power compensation under non linear loads. We use BP based control algorithm to obtain the critical dynamic weight estimate here. And the BP based control algorithm is often used for estimating the receptive power portions of the load streams necessary for estimating the reference source streams. Regulation of power efficiency devices through neural networks is the new area of study in the field of power engineering. The extraction of the harmonic components defines the output of the balancing instruments. Here we use DSTATCOM and UPFC as balancing instruments. A DSTATCOM model is developed using a computerized signal processor and its implementation is focused on various working conditions. The execution of DSTATCOM is found to be suitable for various kinds of burdens with the proposed control algorithm. The BP based control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components of the load present. Back propagation algorithm trained by the sample will detect the power quality signal issue in real time. Continuity, differentiability, non decreasing momotomy are the key features of this algorithm. The process of UPFC is close to that of DSTATCOM, although the only difference is that it does not have the device shut down in worse circumstances. The simulation model is developed with ANFIS and its output is studied under different operating conditions. The output of ANFIS is found to be satisfactory with the proposed control algorithm for different types of loads. The suggested method shall be checked by the results of MATLAB Simulink. Rohit Mishra | Ashish Bhargava "To Study, Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Using DSTATCOM with ANN (Back Propagation Algorithm)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47521.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47521/to-study-analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-with-ann-back-propagation-algorithm/rohit-mishra
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In industrial electric drive systems, it is common to find objects that need to solve the problem of angular position control, moving the object from one position to another asymptotically with no over-correction and guarantee. calculation of maximum fast impact. This is a multi-target optimization problem with many different solutions. This paper presents a method of constructing a PMSM motor position controller with a variable structure using dSPACE 1104 card. The system consists of a position control loop with a variable structure that is an outer loop and a speed control loop degree is the inner loop. In which, the speed adjustment loop uses adaptive law to compensate for uncertain functions and build a sliding mode observation to estimate load torque, friction and noise. The results of the simulation study were verified on Matlab-Simulink environment and experimented on dSPACE 1104 card to check the correctness of the built controller algorithm. The research results in the paper are the basis for the evaluation and setting up of control algorithms, design of electric drive systems in industry and the military.
This paper explained details of Comparison of solar based closed loop DC -DC converter using PID and ANN Control for Shunt motor drive. Solar panel output is given to full bridge converter, stepup transformer, full wave converter, ∏ filter and Shunt motor drive are connected.Comparator compare the set value and the output signal of the motor produce a signal, based on the signal, full wave conveter produce the voltage to run the motor, Speed of motor,Torque and Armature current,Rise time,Peak time, Settling time and Steady state error are measured and evaluated by experimental.A circuit operation and simulation designed for a 1000 RPM speed of shunt motor arrived and tested.
Mainly the DC motors are employed in most of the application. The main objective is to Regulate the DC motor system. A motor which displays the appearances of a DC motor but there is no commutator and brushes is called as brushless DC motor. These motors are widespread to their compensations than other motors in relationships of dependability, sound, efficiency, preliminary torque and longevity. To achieve the operation more reliable and less noisy, brushless dc motors are employed. In the proposed work, dissimilar methods of speed control are analysed. In real time submission of speed control of BLDC motor, numerous strategies are executed for the speed control singularity. The modified approaches are the employment of PI controller, use of PID controller and proposed current controller.
A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...IJECEIAES
This document describes a method for controlling DC voltage from wind turbines using proportional-integral control for three-phase grid-connected inverters. The method uses a PI controller to control the output voltage of a boost converter, which maintains a stable DC voltage. This DC voltage is then fed to a three-phase inverter that converts it to AC voltage and supplies power to loads and the grid using hysteresis current control. The control scheme was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and tested on a prototype to verify power quality results like harmonics and power factor were within acceptable ranges.
To Study, Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Using DSTA...ijtsrd
This project illustrates the execution of a three stage delivery static compensator DSTATCOM by using a back propagation BP control algorithm for its capacities, such as load balancing and zero voltage management of reactive power compensation under non linear loads. We use BP based control algorithm to obtain the critical dynamic weight estimate here. And the BP based control algorithm is often used for estimating the receptive power portions of the load streams necessary for estimating the reference source streams. Regulation of power efficiency devices through neural networks is the new area of study in the field of power engineering. The extraction of the harmonic components defines the output of the balancing instruments. Here we use DSTATCOM and UPFC as balancing instruments. A DSTATCOM model is developed using a computerized signal processor and its implementation is focused on various working conditions. The execution of DSTATCOM is found to be suitable for various kinds of burdens with the proposed control algorithm. The BP based control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components of the load present. Back propagation algorithm trained by the sample will detect the power quality signal issue in real time. Continuity, differentiability, non decreasing momotomy are the key features of this algorithm. The process of UPFC is close to that of DSTATCOM, although the only difference is that it does not have the device shut down in worse circumstances. The simulation model is developed with ANFIS and its output is studied under different operating conditions. The output of ANFIS is found to be satisfactory with the proposed control algorithm for different types of loads. The suggested method shall be checked by the results of MATLAB Simulink. Rohit Mishra | Ashish Bhargava "To Study, Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Using DSTATCOM with ANN (Back Propagation Algorithm)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47521.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47521/to-study-analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-with-ann-back-propagation-algorithm/rohit-mishra
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In industrial electric drive systems, it is common to find objects that need to solve the problem of angular position control, moving the object from one position to another asymptotically with no over-correction and guarantee. calculation of maximum fast impact. This is a multi-target optimization problem with many different solutions. This paper presents a method of constructing a PMSM motor position controller with a variable structure using dSPACE 1104 card. The system consists of a position control loop with a variable structure that is an outer loop and a speed control loop degree is the inner loop. In which, the speed adjustment loop uses adaptive law to compensate for uncertain functions and build a sliding mode observation to estimate load torque, friction and noise. The results of the simulation study were verified on Matlab-Simulink environment and experimented on dSPACE 1104 card to check the correctness of the built controller algorithm. The research results in the paper are the basis for the evaluation and setting up of control algorithms, design of electric drive systems in industry and the military.
This paper explained details of Comparison of solar based closed loop DC -DC converter using PID and ANN Control for Shunt motor drive. Solar panel output is given to full bridge converter, stepup transformer, full wave converter, ∏ filter and Shunt motor drive are connected.Comparator compare the set value and the output signal of the motor produce a signal, based on the signal, full wave conveter produce the voltage to run the motor, Speed of motor,Torque and Armature current,Rise time,Peak time, Settling time and Steady state error are measured and evaluated by experimental.A circuit operation and simulation designed for a 1000 RPM speed of shunt motor arrived and tested.
Mainly the DC motors are employed in most of the application. The main objective is to Regulate the DC motor system. A motor which displays the appearances of a DC motor but there is no commutator and brushes is called as brushless DC motor. These motors are widespread to their compensations than other motors in relationships of dependability, sound, efficiency, preliminary torque and longevity. To achieve the operation more reliable and less noisy, brushless dc motors are employed. In the proposed work, dissimilar methods of speed control are analysed. In real time submission of speed control of BLDC motor, numerous strategies are executed for the speed control singularity. The modified approaches are the employment of PI controller, use of PID controller and proposed current controller.
A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
This paper focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion chain using a permanent magnet synchronous machine. This system behaves a turbine, a generator, DC/DC and DC/AC power converters. These are connected on both sides to the DC bus, where the inverter is followed by a filter which is connected to the grid. In this paper, we have been used two types of controllers. For the stator side converter, we consider the Takagi-Sugeno approach where the parameters of controller have been computed by the theory of linear matrix inequalities. The stability synthesis has been checked using the Lyapunov theory. According to the grid side converter, the proportional integral controller is exploited to keep a constant voltage on the DC bus and control both types of powers. The simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the approach used.
Development of DC voltage control from wind turbines using proportions and in...IJECEIAES
This document describes a method for controlling DC voltage from wind turbines using proportional-integral control for three-phase grid-connected inverters. The method uses a PI controller to control the output voltage of a boost converter, which maintains a stable DC voltage. This DC voltage is then fed to a three-phase inverter that converts it to AC voltage and supplies power to loads and the grid using hysteresis current control. The control scheme was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and tested on a prototype to verify power quality results like harmonics and power factor were within acceptable ranges.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Yayah Zakaria
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind
speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Control strategies of_different_hybrid_energy_storage_systems_for_electric_ve...PrafulYadav4
This document summarizes control strategies for different hybrid energy storage systems used in electric vehicles. It classifies strategies into four configurations: fuel cell-battery, battery-ultracapacitor, fuel cell-ultracapacitor, and battery-fuel cell-ultracapacitor. The document provides a comparative analysis of control techniques based on aspects like control parameters, vehicle operation, and performance metrics. It also analyzes experimental setups, driving cycle improvements, and mathematical models to demonstrate the reliability of applying these strategies in practice.
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method. The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
A New Topology for High Level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Motor Drive...IOSR Journals
1) The document proposes a new hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter topology for motor drives that interfaces both DC sources and capacitor energy storage.
2) In the proposed topology, the capacitor is controlled to provide reactive power compensation and cancel lower order harmonics, while the main converter supplies real power with reduced switching losses.
3) The topology can also be modified such that the capacitor energy storage provides both reactive power compensation and real power support during acceleration and braking, absorbing regenerative energy.
Design of Electric Drive for Vehicular Application Using Vector ControlIOSR Journals
This document describes the design of an electric drive system for a vehicular application using vector control. It proposes an induction motor fed by a three-phase voltage source inverter whose input comes from a boost converter. Indirect vector control is chosen as the control scheme due to its ability to provide fast and accurate torque control without needing rotor position sensors. Simulation results show the motor is able to achieve speed control within 2.5 seconds with less than 4% deviation from the reference speed.
Transient analysis and modeling of wind generator during power and grid volta...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on transient analysis and modeling of a wind generator during power and grid voltage drops. It discusses a grid-connected wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) that is fed by an AC-DC-AC converter. The stator is directly connected to the grid while the rotor is connected through converters. During transient events like voltage drops, efficient control strategies are needed to improve stability of the DFIG. The document also provides modeling details of the wind turbine, transmission system, and distribution system components involved in the wind energy system.
Design and fabrication of rotor lateral shifting in the axial-flux permanent-...IJECEIAES
The development of axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines has become a mature technology. The single-stator double-rotor (SSDR) AFPM structure has advantages on the compactness and the low up to medium power applications so the microscale size and low-cost applications are reachable to be designed. The research main objectives are designing and manufacturing the lateral shifting from the north poles of the first rotor face the north poles of the second rotor (NN) to the north poles of the first rotor face the south poles of the second rotor (NS) categories as well as finding the best performance of the proposed method and implementing in a low cost and micro-scale AFPMG. The novel lateral shifting on the one of the rotors shows performance at 19.2 0 has the highest efficiency at 88.39% during lateral shifting from N–N (0 0 ) to N–S (36 0 ) on rotor 2.
In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Various wind turbine concepts with different generator topologies have been developed to convert this abundant energy into electric power. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the most common type of generator used in wind farms. Usually the DFIG generator is a wound rotor induction machine, where the stator circuit is directly connected to grid while the rotor’s winding is connected to the grid via a three-phase converter. This paper describes an approach for the independent control of the active and reactive powers of the variable-speed DFIG. The simulation model including a 1.5 MW-DFIG driven by a wind turbine, a PWM back-to-back inverter and the proposed control strategy are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems environment.
This document discusses the design of a multiple-input power converter (MIPEC) for use in an electric vehicle propulsion system that includes a fuel cell generator and a combined storage unit composed of ultracapacitors and batteries. It presents the topology and dynamic modeling of the MIPEC, which is responsible for power flow management. The design and sizing of the MIPEC, fuel cell, batteries, and ultracapacitors are determined together based on traction drive requirements and standard driving cycles. Experimental results from a 60 kW MIPEC prototype are also mentioned.
This document summarizes a research paper about a DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator)-based wind power conversion system connected to the electric grid. It describes the system configuration using a DFIG with two PWM voltage source converters connected back-to-back via a DC link to feed AC power to the grid. It also discusses limitations of conventional DFIG control techniques and proposes a control strategy using a battery energy storage system in the DC link to maintain constant grid power. Simulation results show the proposed strategy enhances DFIG performance.
This paper presents a real-time emulator of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board for supervision and observation purposes. In order to increase the reliability of the drive, a sensorless speed control method is proposed. This method allows replacing the physical sensor while guaranteeing a satisfactory operation even in faulty conditions. The novelty of the proposed approach consists of an FPGA implementation of an emulator to control the actual system. Hence, this emulator operates in real-time with actual system control in healthy or faulty mode. It gives an observation of the speed rotation in case of fault for the sake of continuity of service. The observation of the rotor position and the speed are achieved using the dSPACE DS52030D digital platform with a digital signal processor (DSP) associated with a Xilinx FPGA.
Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG with T-Source Three Phase Matrix Con...IJTET Journal
This document presents a wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to a T-source three-phase matrix converter. The system aims to efficiently harness wind power and deliver it to a load. A PMSG is connected to a three-phase diode rectifier and input capacitors, with the output fed to a T-source network and three-phase matrix converter. The converter can boost output voltage regardless of input voltage and regulate it through shoot-through control. MATLAB/Simulink models are developed and simulations show the converter produces controlled output voltage and current waveforms to power the load efficiently with fewer components than traditional converter topologies.
Aircraft Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System Units Through an A...IJMTST Journal
This paper illustrates a generic Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System. The AC power frequency is variable and depends of the engine speed. The represents the generator mechanical drive and is modeled by a simple signal builder, which provides the mechanical speed of the engine shaft.The represents the power AC generator. It is composed of a modified version of the simplified synchronous machine. The mechanical input of the modified machine of 50 kW is the engine speed. The Generator Control Unit regulates the voltage of the generator to 200 volts line to line.The represents the Primary Distribution system. It is composed of three current and voltage sensors. There is also a 3-phase contactor controlled by the Generator Control Unit. Finally, a parasitic resistive load is required to avoid numerical oscillations. The section represents the secondary Power Distribution system. It is represented by 4 circuit breakers with adjustable current trip. The section represents the AC loads. There is a 4 kW Transformer and Rectifier Unit (which supplies 28 Vdc), a 12 kW induction machine (motor driving a pump), a 1 kW resistive load (lamps) and a 3 hp simplified (using an average value inverter) brushless DC drive (motor driving a ballscrew actuator)
The document describes a control scheme for a stand-alone hybrid wind-battery energy system. The system includes a 4 kW wind turbine connected to a 5.4 hp squirrel cage induction generator. A 400 Ah lead-acid battery bank provides backup power storage. The control scheme uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to charge the batteries from the wind turbine. A pitch controller varies the blade pitch to regulate the turbine speed and electrical parameters. The batteries charge in constant current (CC) mode until fully charged, then switch to constant voltage (CV) mode to maintain the battery voltage without overcharging. Simulation results show the system can successfully regulate parameters and supply uninterrupted power under various wind speed conditions.
A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Sc...ijtsrd
In the field of renewable energy, conversion of wind energy has become a point of major interest to the researcher. Converters are no more a small part of the wind energy system WES due to the development of generators in the WES and advancement in applications of power electronics in the WES. This paper presents a review of different topologies of converts used in the extraction of energy from wind using various generators and their combination with different converter topologies. Control scheme complexity, cost, the power consumed, and efficiency are the points considered for the comparison of converters-generator combination schemes. Tanuj Jhankal "A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Schemes in Wind Energy Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47510.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47510/a-review-on-various-topologies-of-generators-power-converters-and-control-schemes-in-wind-energy-systems/tanuj-jhankal
Grid connected pv system using 9 level flying capacitor multilevel inverterIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter to integrate a photovoltaic system into a power grid. A 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter can reduce harmonics and total harmonic distortion compared to conventional inverters. The system was simulated in Matlab/Simulink and includes a PV array, boost converter to increase the voltage, and the 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter connected to the grid. Key advantages of multilevel inverters are their ability to handle high power applications with reduced switching losses and lower output distortion.
This document describes the design, implementation, and testing of an ultracapacitor-based auxiliary energy system (AES) installed in an electric vehicle (EV) to improve efficiency. The AES uses an ultracapacitor bank and buck-boost converter to provide power support to the EV's lead-acid battery pack. Two control strategies for the AES were developed and tested - one based on heuristics and the other using neural networks. Testing showed the AES could reduce costs if it extended the battery life by 50% or more, which is unlikely. The AES was also evaluated for a hypothetical fuel cell-powered EV, where it showed significant cost reductions compared to a fuel cell-only system, especially when using ultracapacitors.
Wind-Turbine Asynchronous Generator Synchronous Condenser with Excitation in ...IJMTST Journal
In this paper Standalone operation of a wind turbine generating system under fluctuating wind and variable load conditions is a difficult task. Moreover, high reactive power demand makes it more challenging due to the limitation of reactive capability of the wind generating system.The frequency is controlled by the Discrete Frequency Regulator block. This controller uses a standard three-phase Phase Locked Loop (PLL) system to measure the system frequency. The measured frequency is compared to the reference frequency to obtain the frequency error. This error is integrated to obtain the phase error. The phase error is then used by a Proportional-Differential (PD) controller to produce an output signal representing the required secondary load power. This signal is converted to an 8-bit digital signal controlling switching of the eight three-phase secondary loads. In order to minimize voltage disturbances, switching is performed at zero crossing of voltage.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
Frequency control in a microgrid including controllable loadIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for frequency control in microgrids that includes renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and controllable loads. The microgrid model analyzed includes solar power, wind power, batteries, supercapacitors, and electric water heaters. The document describes the components of the microgrid, simulation parameters and assumptions. Frequency control is achieved by coordinating the energy storage devices and generators using optimized proportional-integral controllers. Electric water heaters can also help control frequency by adjusting their operating temperature setpoints in response to frequency deviations.
Modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based w...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article that models and analyzes the performance of a small-scale direct-driven wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected directly to the grid through a power electronic interface. It presents the modeling of the system components, including the wind turbine, PMSG, and power conditioning system consisting of a rectifier, boost chopper, and inverter. The power flow is analyzed for different wind velocities and the effect of duty ratio and modulation index on maximum power extraction is studied through MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations.
11.modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg base...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that models and analyzes the performance of a small-scale direct-driven wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The system includes a PMSG connected directly to the grid through a power electronic interface. The interface includes a rectifier, boost chopper, and inverter to convert the variable voltage/frequency output of the generator to a fixed voltage/frequency for the grid. The system components are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and simulations are performed to analyze power flow under different wind velocities. The effect of duty ratio and modulation index on maximum power extraction is also studied. Optimum duty ratios for different wind speeds are determined.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...Yayah Zakaria
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind
speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
Control strategies of_different_hybrid_energy_storage_systems_for_electric_ve...PrafulYadav4
This document summarizes control strategies for different hybrid energy storage systems used in electric vehicles. It classifies strategies into four configurations: fuel cell-battery, battery-ultracapacitor, fuel cell-ultracapacitor, and battery-fuel cell-ultracapacitor. The document provides a comparative analysis of control techniques based on aspects like control parameters, vehicle operation, and performance metrics. It also analyzes experimental setups, driving cycle improvements, and mathematical models to demonstrate the reliability of applying these strategies in practice.
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method. The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
A New Topology for High Level Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Motor Drive...IOSR Journals
1) The document proposes a new hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter topology for motor drives that interfaces both DC sources and capacitor energy storage.
2) In the proposed topology, the capacitor is controlled to provide reactive power compensation and cancel lower order harmonics, while the main converter supplies real power with reduced switching losses.
3) The topology can also be modified such that the capacitor energy storage provides both reactive power compensation and real power support during acceleration and braking, absorbing regenerative energy.
Design of Electric Drive for Vehicular Application Using Vector ControlIOSR Journals
This document describes the design of an electric drive system for a vehicular application using vector control. It proposes an induction motor fed by a three-phase voltage source inverter whose input comes from a boost converter. Indirect vector control is chosen as the control scheme due to its ability to provide fast and accurate torque control without needing rotor position sensors. Simulation results show the motor is able to achieve speed control within 2.5 seconds with less than 4% deviation from the reference speed.
Transient analysis and modeling of wind generator during power and grid volta...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on transient analysis and modeling of a wind generator during power and grid voltage drops. It discusses a grid-connected wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) that is fed by an AC-DC-AC converter. The stator is directly connected to the grid while the rotor is connected through converters. During transient events like voltage drops, efficient control strategies are needed to improve stability of the DFIG. The document also provides modeling details of the wind turbine, transmission system, and distribution system components involved in the wind energy system.
Design and fabrication of rotor lateral shifting in the axial-flux permanent-...IJECEIAES
The development of axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines has become a mature technology. The single-stator double-rotor (SSDR) AFPM structure has advantages on the compactness and the low up to medium power applications so the microscale size and low-cost applications are reachable to be designed. The research main objectives are designing and manufacturing the lateral shifting from the north poles of the first rotor face the north poles of the second rotor (NN) to the north poles of the first rotor face the south poles of the second rotor (NS) categories as well as finding the best performance of the proposed method and implementing in a low cost and micro-scale AFPMG. The novel lateral shifting on the one of the rotors shows performance at 19.2 0 has the highest efficiency at 88.39% during lateral shifting from N–N (0 0 ) to N–S (36 0 ) on rotor 2.
In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Various wind turbine concepts with different generator topologies have been developed to convert this abundant energy into electric power. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the most common type of generator used in wind farms. Usually the DFIG generator is a wound rotor induction machine, where the stator circuit is directly connected to grid while the rotor’s winding is connected to the grid via a three-phase converter. This paper describes an approach for the independent control of the active and reactive powers of the variable-speed DFIG. The simulation model including a 1.5 MW-DFIG driven by a wind turbine, a PWM back-to-back inverter and the proposed control strategy are developed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSystems environment.
This document discusses the design of a multiple-input power converter (MIPEC) for use in an electric vehicle propulsion system that includes a fuel cell generator and a combined storage unit composed of ultracapacitors and batteries. It presents the topology and dynamic modeling of the MIPEC, which is responsible for power flow management. The design and sizing of the MIPEC, fuel cell, batteries, and ultracapacitors are determined together based on traction drive requirements and standard driving cycles. Experimental results from a 60 kW MIPEC prototype are also mentioned.
This document summarizes a research paper about a DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator)-based wind power conversion system connected to the electric grid. It describes the system configuration using a DFIG with two PWM voltage source converters connected back-to-back via a DC link to feed AC power to the grid. It also discusses limitations of conventional DFIG control techniques and proposes a control strategy using a battery energy storage system in the DC link to maintain constant grid power. Simulation results show the proposed strategy enhances DFIG performance.
This paper presents a real-time emulator of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board for supervision and observation purposes. In order to increase the reliability of the drive, a sensorless speed control method is proposed. This method allows replacing the physical sensor while guaranteeing a satisfactory operation even in faulty conditions. The novelty of the proposed approach consists of an FPGA implementation of an emulator to control the actual system. Hence, this emulator operates in real-time with actual system control in healthy or faulty mode. It gives an observation of the speed rotation in case of fault for the sake of continuity of service. The observation of the rotor position and the speed are achieved using the dSPACE DS52030D digital platform with a digital signal processor (DSP) associated with a Xilinx FPGA.
Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG with T-Source Three Phase Matrix Con...IJTET Journal
This document presents a wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to a T-source three-phase matrix converter. The system aims to efficiently harness wind power and deliver it to a load. A PMSG is connected to a three-phase diode rectifier and input capacitors, with the output fed to a T-source network and three-phase matrix converter. The converter can boost output voltage regardless of input voltage and regulate it through shoot-through control. MATLAB/Simulink models are developed and simulations show the converter produces controlled output voltage and current waveforms to power the load efficiently with fewer components than traditional converter topologies.
Aircraft Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System Units Through an A...IJMTST Journal
This paper illustrates a generic Electrical Power Generation & Distribution System. The AC power frequency is variable and depends of the engine speed. The represents the generator mechanical drive and is modeled by a simple signal builder, which provides the mechanical speed of the engine shaft.The represents the power AC generator. It is composed of a modified version of the simplified synchronous machine. The mechanical input of the modified machine of 50 kW is the engine speed. The Generator Control Unit regulates the voltage of the generator to 200 volts line to line.The represents the Primary Distribution system. It is composed of three current and voltage sensors. There is also a 3-phase contactor controlled by the Generator Control Unit. Finally, a parasitic resistive load is required to avoid numerical oscillations. The section represents the secondary Power Distribution system. It is represented by 4 circuit breakers with adjustable current trip. The section represents the AC loads. There is a 4 kW Transformer and Rectifier Unit (which supplies 28 Vdc), a 12 kW induction machine (motor driving a pump), a 1 kW resistive load (lamps) and a 3 hp simplified (using an average value inverter) brushless DC drive (motor driving a ballscrew actuator)
The document describes a control scheme for a stand-alone hybrid wind-battery energy system. The system includes a 4 kW wind turbine connected to a 5.4 hp squirrel cage induction generator. A 400 Ah lead-acid battery bank provides backup power storage. The control scheme uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to charge the batteries from the wind turbine. A pitch controller varies the blade pitch to regulate the turbine speed and electrical parameters. The batteries charge in constant current (CC) mode until fully charged, then switch to constant voltage (CV) mode to maintain the battery voltage without overcharging. Simulation results show the system can successfully regulate parameters and supply uninterrupted power under various wind speed conditions.
A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Sc...ijtsrd
In the field of renewable energy, conversion of wind energy has become a point of major interest to the researcher. Converters are no more a small part of the wind energy system WES due to the development of generators in the WES and advancement in applications of power electronics in the WES. This paper presents a review of different topologies of converts used in the extraction of energy from wind using various generators and their combination with different converter topologies. Control scheme complexity, cost, the power consumed, and efficiency are the points considered for the comparison of converters-generator combination schemes. Tanuj Jhankal "A Review on Various Topologies of Generators, Power Converters and Control Schemes in Wind Energy Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47510.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47510/a-review-on-various-topologies-of-generators-power-converters-and-control-schemes-in-wind-energy-systems/tanuj-jhankal
Grid connected pv system using 9 level flying capacitor multilevel inverterIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter to integrate a photovoltaic system into a power grid. A 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter can reduce harmonics and total harmonic distortion compared to conventional inverters. The system was simulated in Matlab/Simulink and includes a PV array, boost converter to increase the voltage, and the 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter connected to the grid. Key advantages of multilevel inverters are their ability to handle high power applications with reduced switching losses and lower output distortion.
This document describes the design, implementation, and testing of an ultracapacitor-based auxiliary energy system (AES) installed in an electric vehicle (EV) to improve efficiency. The AES uses an ultracapacitor bank and buck-boost converter to provide power support to the EV's lead-acid battery pack. Two control strategies for the AES were developed and tested - one based on heuristics and the other using neural networks. Testing showed the AES could reduce costs if it extended the battery life by 50% or more, which is unlikely. The AES was also evaluated for a hypothetical fuel cell-powered EV, where it showed significant cost reductions compared to a fuel cell-only system, especially when using ultracapacitors.
Wind-Turbine Asynchronous Generator Synchronous Condenser with Excitation in ...IJMTST Journal
In this paper Standalone operation of a wind turbine generating system under fluctuating wind and variable load conditions is a difficult task. Moreover, high reactive power demand makes it more challenging due to the limitation of reactive capability of the wind generating system.The frequency is controlled by the Discrete Frequency Regulator block. This controller uses a standard three-phase Phase Locked Loop (PLL) system to measure the system frequency. The measured frequency is compared to the reference frequency to obtain the frequency error. This error is integrated to obtain the phase error. The phase error is then used by a Proportional-Differential (PD) controller to produce an output signal representing the required secondary load power. This signal is converted to an 8-bit digital signal controlling switching of the eight three-phase secondary loads. In order to minimize voltage disturbances, switching is performed at zero crossing of voltage.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
Frequency control in a microgrid including controllable loadIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for frequency control in microgrids that includes renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and controllable loads. The microgrid model analyzed includes solar power, wind power, batteries, supercapacitors, and electric water heaters. The document describes the components of the microgrid, simulation parameters and assumptions. Frequency control is achieved by coordinating the energy storage devices and generators using optimized proportional-integral controllers. Electric water heaters can also help control frequency by adjusting their operating temperature setpoints in response to frequency deviations.
Modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based w...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article that models and analyzes the performance of a small-scale direct-driven wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected directly to the grid through a power electronic interface. It presents the modeling of the system components, including the wind turbine, PMSG, and power conditioning system consisting of a rectifier, boost chopper, and inverter. The power flow is analyzed for different wind velocities and the effect of duty ratio and modulation index on maximum power extraction is studied through MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations.
11.modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg base...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper that models and analyzes the performance of a small-scale direct-driven wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The system includes a PMSG connected directly to the grid through a power electronic interface. The interface includes a rectifier, boost chopper, and inverter to convert the variable voltage/frequency output of the generator to a fixed voltage/frequency for the grid. The system components are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and simulations are performed to analyze power flow under different wind velocities. The effect of duty ratio and modulation index on maximum power extraction is also studied. Optimum duty ratios for different wind speeds are determined.
A Neural Network Based MPPT Technique Controller for Photovoltaic Pumping SystemIJPEDS-IAES
The article proposes a novel method using the artificial neural network (ANN) for the improvement of the performances of a photovoltaic system composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array, an inverter, a motor asynchronous and a centrifugal pump. For this type of system, different optimization strategies have been proposed to improve the over of the PV system efficiency, i.e. the PV generator is forced to operate at its maximum power point “MPPT”, generally, by the insertion of DC/DC boost converter between the photovoltaic array and the inverter. In this work we propose an approach, where optimization is realized without need adding a DC/DC converter to the chain, using field-oriented control through the monitoring of the voltage-fed inverter frequency. The motor is also ensured in all insolation conditions. A multilayer feed forward perception type NN is proposed for MPPT control, and the back-propagation algorithm is used for training. The performances of the drive with ANN-based MPPT are excellent. The maximum power point (MPP) can be easily obtained to frequency-controlled drive.
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil sources. The yield of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of the wind, the turbine power curve and the ability of the generator to respond to fluctuations in the wind. This article presented the MPPT of a wind turbine system equipped with an asynchronous generator has dual power under MatlabSimulink program, in the first time we simulated all the conversion chain with complete model of DFIG and vector control in second stepthen applied the extracted maximum power MPPT strategists, this command is effective and has several advantages it offered to kept the maximum power delivered to network despite all the parameter is change.
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated AreaIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a model of the wind turbine (WT) with permanent magnet generator (PMSG) and its associated controllers is presented. The increase of wind power penetration in power systems has meant that conventional power plants are gradually being replaced by wind farms. In fact, today wind farms are required to actively participate in power system operation in the same way as conventional power plants. In fact, power system operators have revised the grid connection requirements for wind turbines and wind farms and now demand that these installations be able to carry out more or less the same control tasks as conventional power plants. For dynamic power system simulations, the PMSG wind turbine model includes an aerodynamic rotor model, a lumped mass representation of the drive train system and generator model. In this paper we propose a model with an implementation in MATLAB / Simulink, each of the system components off-grid small wind turbines.
Design of Integrated Generator-Rectifier System to Determine the Maximum Powe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a fuzzy logic controller-based maximum power point tracking system for an integrated generator-rectifier system used in offshore wind turbines. The system combines a permanent magnet synchronous generator with active and passive rectifiers. A fuzzy logic controller analyzes the d-axis current of the active rectifier to achieve maximum power point tracking and improve the efficiency of the wind energy conversion system. The proposed method is assessed using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. It is suggested that the integrated system using a fuzzy logic controller can help reduce the levelized cost of energy for offshore wind power applications.
Modeling and Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using MatlabIOSR Journals
This document presents a model and analysis of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) using MATLAB. It summarizes the components that make up a WECS, including the wind turbine, generator, controller, rectifier-inverter, battery, load equipment, and transformer/grid. It then models each component in MATLAB, including the wind turbine blades, drive train dynamics, asynchronous generator, and reduction of the generator order for stability studies. The modeling is used to simulate a test case of a WECS both as a standalone system and grid-connected to analyze its performance and stability when interfaced with the grid.
Operational performance of a PV generator feeding DC shunt and induction moto...IJECEIAES
This paper presented the transient and operational behavior of a parallel Combination of DC Shunt Motor and IM fed by a photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. The maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator was achieved for different solar intensities, by utilizing an open circuit voltage method. The nonlinear operational behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor were both modeled by high order polynomial mathematical expressions. The study investigated the response of the system at different solar irradiance levels and changing the torque loads for both motors and then following step change in solar intensity levels with fixed loading torques for both motors. All numerical simulations were executed using MATLAB software.
This document summarizes modeling and control techniques for a wind power system using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). It first models the various components of the wind system, including the wind turbine, speed multiplier, mechanical shaft, and DFIG generator. It then describes two field oriented control techniques - direct field oriented control and indirect field oriented control - to independently control the active and reactive power output of the DFIG. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that both control techniques effectively regulate the power to reference values, with the indirect method having better performance due to compensating for coupling terms between control axes.
Study of Wind Turbine based Variable Reluctance Generator using Hybrid FEMM-M...IJECEIAES
Based on exhaustive review of the state of the art of the electric generators fitted to Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), this study is focused on an innovative machine that is a Variable Reluctance Generator (VRG). Indeed, its simple and rugged structure (low cost), its high torque at low speed (gearless), its fault-tolerance (lowest maintenance), allow it to be a potential candidate for a small wind power application at variable wind speed. For better accuracy, a finite element model of a studied doubly salient VRG is developed using open source software FEMM to identify the electromagnetic characteristics such as linkage flux, torque or inductance versus rotor position and stator excitation. The obtained data are then transferred into look-up tables of MATLAB/Simulink to perform various simulations. Performance of the proposed wind power system is analyzed for several parameters and results are discussed.
This paper presents the modeling and simulation of wind energy Conversion System using the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The objectives are: to extract the maximum power of the wind speed by controlling the electromagnetic torque of the PMSG, to maintain constant the DC-link voltage despite the wind speed variations and to attain the unity power factor. In order to ensure a regulation with high performance and a good robustness against the internal and the external disturbances, a new control strategy called the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is used. Therefore, the Analysis and simulation of the ADRC and PI controllers are developed with MATLAB/Simulink software. The performance of these controllers is compared in term of references tracking, robustness and grid faults.
Performance Characteristics of SEIGUsed In Wind Energy Conversion SystemIJSRD
This paper shows the wind driven self-excited induction generator used in wind turbine for drive applications. The self-excited induction generator is mathematically modeled to perform efficiently as a real time performance. Here we used voltage source inverter which is a normal pulse width modulation inverter fed with resistive load. A voltage source inverter is used which forms a bridge between the self-excited induction generator and a load .The voltage source inverter are used to provide to make a system simple and cost effective. The simple arrangement is used such that the efficiency of the system becomes high with minimized losses. The PWM Inverters (VSI) is used to convert the variable magnitude and frequency voltage into reliable constant voltage and constant frequency supply to drive the isolated load. The self-excited induction generator and other power electronic converter components are modeled through coding and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK 8.1.604 (R2013a).
Dynamic Modeling of Autonomous Wind–diesel system with Fixed-speed Wind TurbineIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind turbines have often connected to small power systems, operating in parallel to diesel generators, as is typically the case in autonomous wind–diesel installations or small island systems with high wind potential. Hence, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind–diesel power systems in presence of wind power will be important. In this paper, the system under study is modeled by a set of dynamic and algebraic equations (DAE). Dynamic behavior of a wind-diesel system is investigated by the proposed dynamic model. Wind-diesel system consists of wind turbines that are connected to synchronous diesel generator via short transmission line with local load. Dynamic stability of autonomous wind–diesel systems are discussed with emphasis on the eigenvalue analysis and the effective parameters on system stability. In this regards, saddle node bifurcation and hopf bifurcation are also investigated.
Commanding Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to Decouple Active and React...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the steady-state characteristics of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) through MATLAB simulation. The simulation examines various DFIG operating characteristics including torque-speed curves and how active and reactive power outputs are affected by changes in the rotor voltage. Key findings are that adjusting the rotor voltage can shift the DFIG's operating range and expand its torque/power capabilities, and can also influence whether the generator absorbs or produces reactive power from the grid.
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a vector control direct (FOC) of double fed induction generator intended to control the generated stator powers. This device is intended to be implemented in a variable-speed wind-energy conversion system connected to the grid. In order to control the active and reactive power exchanged between the machine stator and the grid, the rotor is fed by a bi-directional converter. The DFIG is controlled by standard relay controllers. Details of the control strategy and system simulation were performed using Simulink and the results are presented in this here to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Enhancement of Voltage Stability by using Fuel Cell as Shunt CompensatorIRJET Journal
This document proposes using a fuel cell system as a shunt compensator to enhance voltage stability in a power distribution system. It models a proton exchange membrane fuel cell connected to a boost converter and three-phase inverter to inject power into the grid. Simulation results in MATLAB Simulink show that connecting the fuel cell compensator maintains voltage levels closer to acceptable ranges when additional loads are added, improving voltage stability, compared to the system without the compensator. The fuel cell system with power electronic interfaces provides flexible distributed generation and reactive power support to enhance power quality and reliability.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
SEPIC converter is proposed to step up the voltage to the required value. The
experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
Stand-alone applications of Photovoltaic (PV) can be found in water pumping systems for rural area. The proper electric motor must be chosen for optimal considerations. One of the modern electric motor called brushless motor (BLDC) can be an alternative for this application although it has complexity in control. Powering such a motor by using electric energy generating by PV modules will be an interesting problem. In this paper, a PV powered BLDC motor system is proposed. The PV modules must produce maximum power at any instant time and then this power must be able to rotate the motor. By combining sequential stator energizing due to a rotor detection and a PWM concept, the speed of BLDC can be controlled. Meanwhile, to get maximum power of PV modules, detection of voltage and current of the modules are required to be calculated. Digital Signal Control (DSC) is implemented to handle this control strategy and locks the width of the PWM signal to maintain the PV modules under maximum power operation. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been verified by simulation works. Finally the experimental works were done to validate.
Similar to Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application (20)
42 30 nA Comparative Study of Power Semiconductor Devices for Industrial PWM ...IAES-IJPEDS
This document compares the performance of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) for use in industrial pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. SPICE simulations were conducted to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of a 1200V SiC MOSFET and a similar 1200V IGBT at different temperatures and gate resistances. The results show that the SiC MOSFET has lower conduction and switching losses than the Si IGBT. In particular, the SiC MOSFET exhibits lower drain-source voltage, higher switching speeds, and smoother switching waveforms. This makes the SiC MOSFET a more efficient choice than the Si IGBT
Modeling and State Feedback Controller Design of Tubular Linear Permanent Mag...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper a state feedback controller for tubular linear permanent magnet
synchronous motor (TLPMSM) containing two gas springs, is presented.
The proposed TLPMSM controller is used to control reciprocating motions
of TLPMSM. The analytical plant model of TLPMSM is a multi-input
multi-output (MIMO) system which is decoupled to some sub single-input
single-output (SISO) systems, then, the sub SISO systems are converted to
sub-state space models. Indeed, the TLPMSM state space model is decoupled
to some sub-state spaces, and then, the gains of state feedback are calculated
by linear quadratic regulation (LQR) method for each sub-state space
separately. The controller decreases the distortions of the waveforms.
The simulation results indicate the validity of the controller.
Analysis of Harmonics and Ripple Current in Multi-Module Converters with Incr...IAES-IJPEDS
This document analyzes harmonics and ripple current in multi-module converters with increasing numbers of modules for high power applications. It summarizes the design and harmonic analysis of 12-pulse, 24-pulse, 36-pulse and 48-pulse converters connected to a grid. Simulation results from MATLAB show the 48-pulse converter is most effective at mitigating harmonics, making it suitable for high power utility applications. The document also reviews literature on multipulse converters and modulation techniques.
Comparative Study of Various Adjustable Speed Drives during Voltage SagIAES-IJPEDS
This Paper compares the sensitivity of various adjustable speed drives to
voltage sag for the process control applications. Three phase voltage sag of
type B caused due to SLG fault is considered and four topologies of ASD’s
are compared in this paper. The comparison is done especially in speed,
voltage, current and torque of the ASDs. Diode rectifier without z source
inverter, diode rectifier with z source inverter, single phase two leg Vienna
rectifier and single phase neutral linked Vienna with z source inverter are
compared and the best one is highlighted. The circuits of various ASD’s are
simulated using Matlab /Simulink.
Modified Distribution Transformer for Enhancing Power Quality in Distribution...IAES-IJPEDS
The percentage of non-linear loads in the power distribution sector is increasing
day by day. Harmonics injected by these non-linear loads circulate in the delta
windings of the conventional distribution transformer thereby increasing the
temperature and losses. This reduces the efficiency and life of the transformers.
In a modified distribution transformer configuration proposed recently, called
star-star-delta_utilized configuration (YYD_utilized), the harmonics circulating
in the delta winding was utilized and the drainage power thus recovered was
used to power auxiliary loads. This paper presents the experimental studies
conducted on YYD_utilized distribution transformer. When compared to
conventional star-star, delta-star and star-star-delta transformers, the new
configuration of YYD_utilized transformer has shown considerable
improvement in transformer efficiency. The results obtained show that when
the power from the circulating harmonics is recovered and utilized, it not only
improves transformer efficiency but also improves the power factor
and reduces the harmonic distortions at the primary side of the transformer.
The results obtained also suggest the existence of maximum power point or an
optimum loading for the recovered harmonic power.
Modelling of Virtual Synchronous Converter for Grid-Inverter Synchronization ...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, virtual synchronous converter (VSCon) is been developed
which mimic the behavior of synchronous generator as in order to have fast
synchronization between the inverter with the grid. This synchronization is
important before can sent the power among inverter-grid connection. This
technique can also been applied at the distributed generated sources when are
connected to the local microgrids. Here, the frequency and voltage
synchronization also can be controlled at the same time some improvement
on synchronous generator mathematical model that is suitable to be
implemented into the inverter control. The whole unit of VSCon is operated
and simulated in Matlab/Simulink in order to observe all consequences
during synchronizing the voltage, frequency and phase-angle. It has been
verified by the simulation circuit where, the power converter can be
synchronized with the microrids without using a PLL unit for self
synchronization. This VSCon technique has proven that, by applying the
concept of the synchronous generator model in inverter control, it can cause
the inverter to behave as generator system, which does not required any
phase information from the grid in order to be synchronized.
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to increasing demand in power, the integration of renewable sources like
wind generation into power system is gaining much importance nowadays.
The heavy penetration of wind power into the power system leads to many
integration issues mainly due to the intermittent nature of the wind and the
desirability for variable speed operation of the generators. As the wind power
generation depends on the wind speed, its integration into the grid has
noticeable influence on the system stability and becomes an important issue
especially when a fault occurs on the grid. The protective disconnection of a
large amount of wind power during a fault will be an unacceptable
consequence and threatens the power system stability. With the increasing
use of wind turbines employing Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
technology, it becomes a necessity to investigate their behavior during grid
faults and support them with fault ride through capability. This paper
presents the modeling and simulation of a doubly fed induction generator
according to grid code compatibility driven by a wind turbine connected to
the grid. This paper analyses the voltage sag due to a three-phase fault in the
wind connected grid. A control strategy including a crowbar circuit has been
developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to bypass the rotor over currents during
grid fault to enhance the fault ride through capability and to maintain system
stability. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control
strategies in DFIG based grid connected wind turbine system.
An Improved of Multiple Harmonic Sources Identification in Distribution Syste...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper introduces an improved of multiple harmonic sources
identification that been produced by inverter loads in power system using
time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram.
The spectrogram is a very applicable method to represent signals in
time-frequency representation (TFR) and the main advantages
of spectrogram are the accuracy, speed of the algorithm and use low memory
size such that it can be computed rapidly. The identification of multiple
harmonic sources is based on the significant relationship of spectral
impedances which are the fundamental impedance (Z1) and harmonic
impedance (Zh) that extracted from TFR. To verify the accuracy of the
proposed method, MATLAB simulations carried out several unique cases
with different harmonic producing loads on IEEE 4-bus test feeder cases. It is
proven that the proposed method is superior with 100% correct identification
of multiple harmonic sources. It is envisioned that the method is very
accurate, fast and cost efficient to localize harmonic sources in distribution
system.
Performance and Energy Saving Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic in West...IAES-IJPEDS
The paper presents performance and energy saving analysis of 1.25 kWp grid
connected photovoltaic system under difference weather condition in West
Sumatera. The measured data were performed during weather data that often
occur in West Sumatra i.e. sunny, overcast, raining and cloudy.
The synchronizing process successfully done even bad weather conditions
when sunlight was low automatically. Photovoltaic in average start
producing power from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM for normal or clear sky, however
under overcast, raining and cloudy weather, the PV power decreased and
disconnected earlier before sunset. During intermittent raining, overcast and
cloud covered the PV power output show an irregular profile. The PV energy
saving performed for three residential connection cases: 1300 VA, 900 VA
with subsidized and 900 VA without subsidized. The solar PV installation
have more benefits and energy saving for 1300 VA, 900 VA without
subsidized with payback period around 8.5 years. However, the 900 VA with
subsidized take longer 20.8 years, but still in PV lifespan 25 years. In the
future, household subsidies may be reduced or eliminated, the solar energy
will be viable alternative of energy resources when it can produce electricity
at a cost equivalent to utility grid PLN rate.
An Improved Constant Voltage Based MPPT Technique for PMDC MotorIAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an improved constant voltage based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for a permanent magnet DC motor (PMDC) driven by a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system. The technique uses a pilot PV panel to measure the open circuit voltage of the main PV panel in order to track the MPP without disconnecting the panel from the load. A proportional-integrator controller is used to adjust the duty cycle of a DC-DC converter such that the PV voltage matches the MPP voltage. Simulation results show that the array efficiency increases under varying temperature and solar insolation conditions when using the improved MPPT technique compared to directly coupling the PV panel to the motor load.
A Discrete PLL Based Load Frequency Control of FLC-Based PV-Wind Hybrid Power...IAES-IJPEDS
The sun and wind-based generation are considered to besource of green
power generation which can mitigate the power demand issues. As solar and
wind power advancements are entrenched and the infiltration of these
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into to network is expanding dynamically.
So, as to outline a legitimate control and to harness power from RES the
learning of natural conditions for a specific area is fundamental. Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controlled
boost converter are utilized for viable operation and to keep DC voltage
steady at desired level. The control scheme of the inverter is intended to keep
the load voltage and frequency of the AC supply at aconstant level regardless
of progress in natural conditions and burden. A Simulink model of the
proposed Hybrid system with the MPPT controlled Boost converters
and Voltage regulated Inverter for stand-alone application is developed in
MATLAB R2015a, Version 8.5.0. The ongoing information of Wind Speed
and Solar Irradiation levels are recorded at BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
the performance of the voltage regulated inverter under constant and varying
linearAC load is analyzed. The investigation shows that the magnitude of
load voltage and frequency of the load voltage is maintained at desired level
by the proposed inverter control logic.
An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Based Droop Control Scheme for Parallel Inverte...IAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an adaptive virtual impedance based droop control scheme for parallel inverters in a microgrid. The scheme uses an impedance estimator to monitor changes in line impedances between inverters and the point of common coupling. It estimates the line impedance in real time using output voltages and currents of the inverters as well as voltages at the point of common coupling. The estimated line impedance is then fed into a virtual impedance loop to adjust the virtual impedance value and compensate for reactive power mismatches due to changing line impedances, improving power sharing performance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheme compared to conventional control methods.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
Photovoltaic System with SEPIC Converter Controlled by the Fuzzy LogicIAES-IJPEDS
In this work, a fuzzy logic controller is used to control the output voltage of a
photovoltaic system with a DC-DC converter; type Single Ended Primary
Inductor Converter (SEPIC). The system is designed for 210 W solar
photovoltaic (SCHOTT 210) panel and to feed an average demand of 78 W.
This system includes solar panels, SEPIC converter and fuzzy logic
controller. The SEPIC converter provides a constant DC bus voltage and its
duty cycle controlled by the fuzzy logic controller which is needed to
improve PV panel’s utilization efficiency. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is
also used to generate the PWM signal for the SEPIC converter.
An Approach to Voltage Quality Enhancement by Introduction of CWVM for Distri...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presented with problems related with voltage flicker in power
system networks. Several international standard issued to control the voltage
flicker are briefly described and some important methods to analyse
electrical circuits with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waveforms are
introduced and evaluated. One of these methods-Cockcroft Walton Voltage
Multiplier (CWVM) has been used to increase the voltage of a filter, which is
also described in this paper as a practical application. The filter can
compensate for harmonic currents, power factor, and unbalance voltage.The
simulation results using Multisimare presented, showing that good dynamic
and steady-state response can be achieved with this approach.
Electric Power Converter with a Wide Input Voltage RangeIAES-IJPEDS
The electric power converter for downhole telemetry systems of oil-well
pumps include a downhole block connected to the pump that contains
electronic circuits required for the operation of the motor pump sensors
and transmission of data about their condition to the surface are described.
A few methods of electric power conversion for this purpose are considered.
The circuit contained two steps of voltage converting are proposed.
The electrical scheme of this method is considered in the article. Proposed
decisions are simulated and verified experimentally. The input high supply
voltage range (200-4200 V) without loss of efficiency (even temporary) was
obtained. The results of simulation and experimental studies have shown
very close results.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Charging Optimization for Hybrid Elect...IAES-IJPEDS
This document describes a proposed real-time charging optimization system for hybrid electric vehicles using an Android application. The system would provide information like the vehicle's battery state of charge and location to help users find and reserve charging slots. It would calculate estimated time and distance to charging stations to allocate parking. Emergency mobile charging stations would also be available. The hardware implementation monitors a battery's voltage using an Arduino board and communicates the state of charge to an Android device via Bluetooth. Algorithms are developed to predict if a destination can be reached based on state of charge and provide alternate routes to nearby charging stations if needed. The system aims to make electric vehicle charging more convenient and help users efficiently plan routes and charging.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive for Agriculture Pu...IAES-IJPEDS
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a photovoltaic induction motor drive system for water pumping applications without using batteries. The system uses a two inductor boost converter (TIBC) with a hysteresis controller and snubber circuit to boost the output voltage of the PV panel. This converter drives a three-phase inverter that powers an induction motor. The converter is controlled using fixed duty cycle switching along with MPPT and V/F control of the inverter and motor. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the system can drive the motor at different speeds corresponding to changes in solar irradiation levels measured by PV current.
Comparison of Sine and Space Vector Modulated Embedded Z-Source Inverter fed ...IAES-IJPEDS
This document compares the performance of a photovoltaic powered embedded Z-source inverter (EZSI) feeding an induction motor drive using either sine pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM). An EZSI provides single-stage power conversion from a DC source and can boost the output voltage above the input DC voltage. The document designs, models and simulates a PV-powered EZSI induction motor system in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show this drive system has advantages like voltage boosting ability and reduced harmonic content compared to a traditional voltage source inverter.
Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter with Simpler Basic Unit Cells for Photovolta...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a single-phase multilevel inverter (MLI) with simpler
basic unit cells. The proposed MLI is able to operate in two modes, i.e.
charge mode to charge the batteries, and inverter mode to supply AC power
to load, and therefore, it is inherently suitable for photovoltaic (PV) power
generation applications. The proposed MLI requires lower number of power
MOSFETs and gate driver units, which will translate into higher cost saving
and better system reliability. The power MOSFETs in the basic unit cells
and H-bridge module are switched at near fundamental frequency, i.e. 100
Hz and 50 Hz, respectively, resulting in lower switching losses. For low total
harmonic distortion (THD) operation, a deep scanning method is employed
to calculate the switching angles of the MLI. The lowest THD obtained is
8.91% at modulation index of 0.82. The performance of the proposed MLI
(9-level) has been simulated and evaluated experimentally. The simulation
and experimental results are in good agreement and this confirms that the
proposed MLI is able to produce an AC output voltage with low THD.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
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An overview of complete mechanical and electrical wind pumping systems is presented in Figure 1
and Figure 2.
Figure 1. Mechanical Wind Pump Figure 2. Wind electric pump systems
In this context our application aims to make good use of the wind electric pump system, including a
good control of the pumping speed, and of course ensuring a control of the voltage source of the generator.
The induction machine is a very popular generator used wind turbine systems in isolated areas to
generate electrical energy also for motor application because of its low price, mechanical simplicity, robust
structure, as compared to other machine. However, the major draw back of the SIEG (Self Excited Induction
Generator). A poor voltage regulation under change in load and speed in stand-alone system. In literature
many researchers have proposed numerous control for regulating the terminal voltage [1]-[2], [4]-[5], [8],
[10], [12]-[13].
Since the aims of the proposed system consists of a SEIG driven by an unregulated rotor speed
supplies induction motor loaded with a centrifugal pump (non linear load). The proposed control should have
keeps the DC bus voltage at a constant value for supplied inverter when the speed of the wind change and the
application of pump, based in this regulation then we are more interested towards a desired state while
varying the debit from the variation of the reference speed of the pump.
The indirect vector control using rotor flux orientation for two controls with fuzzy logic regulation
applied in order to carry out DC voltage of SIEG and speed of the pump. Detailed Matlab/Simulink-based
simulation studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL SCHEME
A self-excited induction generator using three phase AC capacitors can start its voltage buildup only
from a remnant magnetic flux in the core, the voltage buildup starts when the induction generator is driven at
a given speed and an appropriate capacitance connected at its terminals, However, for a system with a single
DC capacitor as proposed in this paper it cannot start the voltage buildup from the remnant flux in the core
[2]. The proposed system starts its excitation process from a charging circuit an external battery. Since this
paper focuses on modeling and behavior of the electrical part of the system, the turbine is not taken into
account. Rotor speed is taken as an independent and variable input into the model. The main components of
the proposed system are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Control structure proposed
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The components are Induction Generator, PWM rectifier PWM inverter, and Induction Motor
coupled with a centrifugal pump those modelling are explained below.
2.1. Mathematical Model of Induction Machine
The following equations describe model of the squirrel-cage induction machine the stationary dq
reference frame:
sq
ssd
sdssd
dt
d
dt
d
iRV
. (1)
sd
ssq
sqssq
dt
d
dt
d
iRV
. (2)
sdrdrrd iMiL .. (3)
sqrqrrq iMiL .. (4)
rq
rrd
rdrrd
dt
d
dt
d
iRV
. (5)
rd
rrq
rqrrq
dt
d
dt
d
iRV
. (6)
Electromagnetic torque is expressed as:
).( sqrqsqrd
r
e ii
L
M
PC (7)
2.2. Mathematical Modeling of the control scheme for induction generator
In order to model any field oriented control system, it is necessary to choose the synchronously
rotating reference frame (d, q) In the RFO control system, the rotor flux vector is aligned with the d-axis Figure
4, which means:
Figure 4. dq and alpha beta frame
rrd (8)
0rq (9)
From the desired value of the DC voltage, it is possible to express that the reference power by:
refdcrefdc PiV ._ (10)
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The electromagnetic torque:
ref
em
P
C (11)
The control voltage Vdc can be done via the electromagnetic torque control, the derivative of rotor
flux can be written as:
r
r
sd
r
r
i
M
dt
d
1
(12)
The slip frequency can be written as:
r
sd
r
r
iM
(13)
And,
rs (14)
Then,
r
sd
r
s
iM
(15)
The field angle is calculated as:
dtss (16)
The electromagnetic torque is expressed from the current isq by:
sqr
r
e i
L
M
pC ... (17)
The flux controlled by isd and electromagnetic torque controlled by isq.
sd
r
r i
p
M
p .
1
.
(18)
The several studies carried out shows that the fuzzy logic control provides good results for
contributions to conventional regulation that was introduced for this type of regulator in order to have a good
performance in our application.
Figure 5. Block diagram control scheme of SIEG
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3. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL
The FLC consists of four major blocks, Fuzzification, knowledge base, inference engine and
defuzzification.
There are two inputs, the voltage error e(k) and the change of voltage error ce(k). The two input
variables are calculated at every sampling time as:
e(k) = Vdc(k)*-Vdc(k) (19)
ce(k) = Vdc(k)*-Vdc(k-1) (20)
Where Vdc*(k) denotes the reference speed, Vdc(k) is the actual speed and e(k-1) is the value of error
at previous sampling time.
3.1. Fuzzification
The crisp input variables are e(k) and ce(k) are transformed into fuzzy variables referred to as
linguistic labels. The membership functions associated to each label have been chosen with triangular shapes.
The following fuzzy sets are used, NL (Negative Large), NM (Negative Medium), NS (Negative Small), ZE
(Zero), PS (Positive Small), PM (positive Medium), and PL (Positive Large). The universe of discourse is set
between – 1 and 1. The membership functions of these variables are shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8.
Figure 6. Membership function for input e Figure 7. Membership function for input ce
Figure 8. Membership function for output u
3.2. Knowledge Base and Inference Engine
The knowledge base consists of the data base and the rule base. The data base provides the
information which is used to define the linguistic control rules and the fuzzy data in the fuzzy logic
controller. The rule base specifies the control goal actions by means of a set of linguistic control rules [19].
The inference engine evaluates the set of IF-THEN and executes 7*7 rules as shown in Table 1. The
linguistic rules take the form as in the following example:
IF e is NL AND ce is NL THEN u is NL
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Table 1. Fuzzy Rules Base
ce/e NL NM NS ZE PS PM PL
NL NL NL NL NL NM NS ZE
NM NL NL NL NM NS ZE PS
NS NL NL NM NS ZE PS PM
ZE NL NM NS ZE PS PM PL
PS NM NS ZE PS PM PL PL
PM NS ZE PS PM PL PL PL
PL ZE PS PM PL PL PL PL
3.2.1. Defuzzification
In this stage, the fuzzy variables are converted into crisp variables. There are many defuzzification
techniques to produce the fuzzy set value for the output fuzzy variable. In this paper, the centre of gravity
defuzzification method is adopted here and the inference strategy used in this system is the Mamdani
algorithm.
3.2.2. The Reference Rotor Flux Linkage Required
The reference rotor flux linkage required at any speed is calculated based on this maximum flux
linkage, which corresponds to the minimum rotor speed hence at any rotor speed the reference rotor flux
linkage is given by [2].
maxmin* . r
r (21)
Figure 9. Relationship between rotor speed and rotor flux linkage
3.2.3. Mathematical model of PWM Converter
Figure 10. PWM Converter
The DC bus voltage reflects at the output of the inverter in the form of the three-phase PWM AC
voltages Vsa, Vsb and Vsc. These voltages may be expressed as:
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)2(
3
1
cbadcsa SSSVV (22)
)2(
3
1
acbdcsb SSSVV (23)
)2(
3
1
bacdcsc SSSVV (24)
The derivative of the DC bus voltage and when non linear load is present is defined as:
)...(
1
loadccbbaadc iiSiSiS
C
V
dt
d
(25)
While iload current drawn by the pump and Sa, Sb and Sc are the switching functions for the ON/OFF
positions of the rectifier switches S1-S6.
The relation of the inverter input and output current are given by the following expression:
ccbbaaload iSiSiSi ... (26)
Sa, Sb and Sc are the switching functions for the ON/OFF positions of the inverter switches S1-S6.
3.2.4. Modeling of the control scheme for induction motor
Following the same procedure for the control of the generator, but in this case our regulation based
to control rotor speed, the block diagram explain the control strategy as show in Figure 6.
It becomes possible to control the torque independently by the q-axis stator current, and the rotor
flux can be controlled with the d-axis stator current with a delay. In this case, the torque can be expressed as:
sqr
r
e i
L
M
pC ... (27)
By keeping the rotor flux constant, the expression of the rotor flux can be given by:
sd
r
r i
p
M
.
1
(28)
Figure 11. Block diagram control scheme of induction motor
In order to operate the motor at high efficiency, the inverter works on the principle of bang-bang
control with three independent hysteresis controllers. The calculated values of the three-phase stator currents
are compared with the reference values and the inverter elements are switched accordingly to impress the
necessary terminal voltages to the motor phases [15].
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4. PUMP MODEL
The pump used is of centrifugal type which can be described by an aerodynamic load which is
characterized by the following load equation:
2
* KCr (29)
Where K is the pump constant
5. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The global of all circuit components. The system is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK .The
dynamic performance of the whole system for different operating conditions is studied; the sequence of
simulation is as follows:
a) The simulation completed with in 30 seconds.
b) The reference DC voltage is set at 600V.
c) The voltage build up process is under no load condition.
d) The pump applied to the induction generator at t=2s.
e) The system was simulated for variable wind speed after connected the pump as show in Figure
12.
f) Then reference pump speed is set to different value of 120 rad/s to 170 rad/s, and 140 rad/s, as
show in Figure 17.
The SEIG output voltage is converted into DC voltage by using the controlled rectifier circuits. The
output voltage of the rectifier is 600 volts. This DC voltage is given to the source inverter to produce required
output voltage of the pump.
The Induction motor loaded with a centrifugal pump. suddenly is applied at t=2s it is observed that
the value of the DC bus voltage is maintained at a constant value even if the wind speed changes at 14s and
18s and variation of pump speed at 12s and 20s. The fuzzy voltage controller provides a rapid and accurate
response for the reference. The reference flux and estimate is shown in Figura 14. Also Figure 15 shows the
variation in d-axis, q-axis stator currents in the rotating reference frame.
The Figure 16 shows the stator current at the terminals of the induction generator.
Figure 12. Variation of wind speed (rad/s)
Figure 13. DC capacitor voltage profile of the SIEG
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Figure 14. Reference and estimate rotor flux of the SIEG
(a) (b)
Figure 15. Variation in d-axis, q-axis stator currents in the rotating reference frame
(a) (b)
Figure 16. Stator current of the SIEG
Figure 17. Reference pump speed ans pump speed
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5.1. Regulation of the Pump Speed
After connecting the pump we can say that the pump speed follow the given reference as shown in
Figure 18 at 12s and 20s ,also is observed that pump speed not affected by the variation of wind speed of
the generator ,then the system became more stable and more robust. The Figure 19 shows the variation of
stator currents of the pump.
Figure 18. Reference pump speed ans pump speed
Figure 19. Stator Current of the Pump
6. CONCLUSION
This paper introduces the modeling and simulation of the wind electric pumping systems using
MatlabSimulink the studies are made by formulating the mathematical models and control for global system.
It has been demonstrated that the system is able to feed pump system by regulated DC bus voltage and
satisfactory desired debit from variation reference speed of the pump under variable wind speed. All results
obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controllers and it has been found to be satisfactory such
wind electric pumping successfully in windy remote locations.
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