International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Improved Bandwidth for Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstr...IJERA Editor
This paper presents simulation and analysis of a Stacked Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped
Microstrip Patch Antenna (SEGCRSMPA) to increase the bandwidth. The aim of this paper is to improve the
bandwidth of Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna (EGCRSMPA). To
improve the bandwidth, stacking principle has been used. In this paper an assembly of one central rectangular
patch with four triangular patches forming rhombus shaped microstrip patch antenna is discussed. IE3D
simulation software is used for simulation. The performance of the proposed microstrip patch antenna is
compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna and EGCRSMPA having same dimensions.
The proposed designed microstrip patch antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 47.62%.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Broadband Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna With U Shaped Slot For Wima...IJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of Rhombus ShapedMicrostrip Patch Antenna.For this purpose, we cut „U‟ shaped slot in the proposed antenna geometry. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4.4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna and conventional Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.20 GHz and 5.58 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WiMax applications. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 22.32%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3.6%) having the same dimensions.
Conical Shaped Monopole Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Improved Bandwidth for Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstr...IJERA Editor
This paper presents simulation and analysis of a Stacked Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped
Microstrip Patch Antenna (SEGCRSMPA) to increase the bandwidth. The aim of this paper is to improve the
bandwidth of Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna (EGCRSMPA). To
improve the bandwidth, stacking principle has been used. In this paper an assembly of one central rectangular
patch with four triangular patches forming rhombus shaped microstrip patch antenna is discussed. IE3D
simulation software is used for simulation. The performance of the proposed microstrip patch antenna is
compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna and EGCRSMPA having same dimensions.
The proposed designed microstrip patch antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 47.62%.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Broadband Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna With U Shaped Slot For Wima...IJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of Rhombus ShapedMicrostrip Patch Antenna.For this purpose, we cut „U‟ shaped slot in the proposed antenna geometry. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4.4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna and conventional Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.20 GHz and 5.58 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WiMax applications. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 22.32%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3.6%) having the same dimensions.
Conical Shaped Monopole Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna with parallel r...IJERA Editor
Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose, we cut three rectangular parallel slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 4.49 GHz and 4.90 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WLAN applications and IMT-band frequency operations. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 19.7%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3%) having the same dimensions.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile,
low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found
favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated
circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the
antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a
narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an
insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which
forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch.
The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch
antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter
wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide
variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good
approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch.
However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation
efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area
as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the
different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A rectangular microstrip patch antenna, suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2 GHz was designed and modeled using IE3D software. The simulated antenna was analyzed using coaxial feed technique and various antenna parameters like S11, VSWR, Antenna Gain and Antenna Efficiency were determined for the random feed point location. Also, the feed point was
varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the optimized feed location for minimum return loss. Further, a microstrip patch antenna was fabricated using the dimensions of the simulated antenna. The fabricated antenna was tested for obtaining the radiation pattern and other antenna parameters using standard anechoic chamber testing set up at ISAC/ISRO. The antenna
parameters were compared between simulation results and experimental results and the antenna was qualified for use in L-band frequency range with minimum return loss and maximum
bandwidth
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND...jmicro
In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
Bandwidth and gain enhancement of a circular microstrip antenna using a DNG s...journalBEEI
This paper present the design of a circular patch microstrip antenna with enhancement in terms of bandwidth and gain using a dielectric double negative (DNG) split ring metamaterial radome. This radome is positioned on top of the CP antenna operating from 5.2 GHz to 6.4 GHz. The metamaterial radome comprises of two alternate split rings of negative permittivity, permeability and refractive index. The circular microstrip antenna bandwidth of 430 MHz has been realized by the presence of DNG metamaterial radome compared to 220 MHz without the radome. The gain has been increased as well from 1.84 dBi to 3.87 dBi.
Design of Square Miniaturized L Band Fractal AntennaEditor IJMTER
This paper introduces a new square patch miniaturized antenna operating in L band. The
design and analysis of the antenna is executed using IE3D electromagnetic simulation software using
substrate parameter of glass epoxy FR-4 substrate. In this paper, a Square patch of 10X10 mm2 is
investigated. In further improvements, parts of the patch are removed in two iterations to obtain a
miniaturized antenna. The proposed fractal antenna has a great potential of application and gives a
stable radiation performance in the frequency range of 1.333 GHz to 2 GHz.
Um panorama dos aspectos mais importantes do marketing jurídico, tendo como foco os advogados autônomos e os advogados que atuam em sociedades de advogados de qualquer porte.
Broadband Slotted Rectangular Shaped Microstrip Antenna For WI-Max ApplicationsIJERA Editor
Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts
its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For
this purpose, we cut four slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass
epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared
with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies
5.42 GHz and 5.70 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the Wi-Max applications. The designed antenna
offers much improved impedance bandwidth 10.45 %. This is approximately two times higher than that in a
conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 5.34%) having the same dimensions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna with parallel r...IJERA Editor
Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose, we cut three rectangular parallel slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 4.49 GHz and 4.90 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WLAN applications and IMT-band frequency operations. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 19.7%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3%) having the same dimensions.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile,
low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found
favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated
circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the
antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a
narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an
insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which
forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch.
The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch
antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter
wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide
variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good
approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch.
However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation
efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area
as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the
different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA jantjournal
A rectangular microstrip patch antenna, suitable for use in L-band frequency range of 1-2 GHz was designed and modeled using IE3D software. The simulated antenna was analyzed using coaxial feed technique and various antenna parameters like S11, VSWR, Antenna Gain and Antenna Efficiency were determined for the random feed point location. Also, the feed point was
varied within the radiating patch to arrive at the optimized feed location for minimum return loss. Further, a microstrip patch antenna was fabricated using the dimensions of the simulated antenna. The fabricated antenna was tested for obtaining the radiation pattern and other antenna parameters using standard anechoic chamber testing set up at ISAC/ISRO. The antenna
parameters were compared between simulation results and experimental results and the antenna was qualified for use in L-band frequency range with minimum return loss and maximum
bandwidth
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITERATIVE SQUARE RING FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND...jmicro
In this paper, iterative square ring fractal antenna is proposed, designed and developed for Wireless
application. The functional characteristics of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and
gain are evaluated. Compact size and multi-band compatibility are the major design requirements of
fractal antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 20mm X 20mm and it supports dual band
which is designed in FR4 substrate. It resonates at 5.9 GHz and 8.8 GHz with the return loss of -33dB, -
16dB, respectively. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying feed position, feed
width and substrate thickness. By the analysis, we concluded that the proposed antenna have better
performance at left feed position with 0.9mm of feed width at the substrate thickness of 3.2mm.
Bandwidth and gain enhancement of a circular microstrip antenna using a DNG s...journalBEEI
This paper present the design of a circular patch microstrip antenna with enhancement in terms of bandwidth and gain using a dielectric double negative (DNG) split ring metamaterial radome. This radome is positioned on top of the CP antenna operating from 5.2 GHz to 6.4 GHz. The metamaterial radome comprises of two alternate split rings of negative permittivity, permeability and refractive index. The circular microstrip antenna bandwidth of 430 MHz has been realized by the presence of DNG metamaterial radome compared to 220 MHz without the radome. The gain has been increased as well from 1.84 dBi to 3.87 dBi.
Design of Square Miniaturized L Band Fractal AntennaEditor IJMTER
This paper introduces a new square patch miniaturized antenna operating in L band. The
design and analysis of the antenna is executed using IE3D electromagnetic simulation software using
substrate parameter of glass epoxy FR-4 substrate. In this paper, a Square patch of 10X10 mm2 is
investigated. In further improvements, parts of the patch are removed in two iterations to obtain a
miniaturized antenna. The proposed fractal antenna has a great potential of application and gives a
stable radiation performance in the frequency range of 1.333 GHz to 2 GHz.
Um panorama dos aspectos mais importantes do marketing jurídico, tendo como foco os advogados autônomos e os advogados que atuam em sociedades de advogados de qualquer porte.
Broadband Slotted Rectangular Shaped Microstrip Antenna For WI-Max ApplicationsIJERA Editor
Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts
its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For
this purpose, we cut four slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass
epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared
with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies
5.42 GHz and 5.70 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the Wi-Max applications. The designed antenna
offers much improved impedance bandwidth 10.45 %. This is approximately two times higher than that in a
conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 5.34%) having the same dimensions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract : Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used . Keywords - bandwidth, dielectric constant, Microstrip antennas, substrate thickness
A Novel Geometry of Multiband Planar Antenna for Wireless Applicationsijtsrd
The compact multiband antenna is of practical interest for the fast growing modern communication industry. In this regard radiation performance of modified rectangular multiband antenna, designed on FR 4 substrate is proposed in this paper. The geometry is operating at three different frequencies in the considered range of 4 6 GHz and offers excellent matching with the feedline for each resonant frequency. Parul Pathak | P. K. Singhal "A Novel Geometry of Multiband Planar Antenna for Wireless Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29797.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29797/a-novel-geometry-of-multiband-planar-antenna-for-wireless-applications/parul-pathak
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Miniature BroadBand Microstrip Antenna for LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
A Compact microstrip antenna with rectangular slotted radiating element has been developed. Four slots have been introduced on the radiating element with the use of a partial ground plane and a wideband response has been obtained. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.7 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 71%. A low-cost dielectric (FR4_EPOXY) has been considered in the development of the proposed antenna. The obtained frequency band is from 1.9 GHz to 3.6 GHz. To investigate the robustness of our modelled antenna the simulation process has been carried out using two different solvers (Finite Element Method and Finite Integration Technique). In addition, the designed antenna was realized and these results were compared with those of the simulation. The proposed antenna is suitable for many LTE bands {1, 3, 7… 38, 40} broadly deployed in European, South American, Asian, and African countries, Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and WiMAX technology (3.5 GHz).
A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite App...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications.
Design of Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for Wi-Fi and WiMax ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a dual band rectangular microstrip patch antenna with microstrip line is presented. The proposed antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with thickness 1.5 mm and relative permittivity 4.3. The antenna is designed to operate at 2.4/5.8 GHz bands for Wi-Fi/WiMax applications. The obtained return loss is -32.77dB at 2.4 GHz with 7.4% bandwidth and -25.955 dB at 5.8 GHz with 8.17% bandwidth. The practical and simulation result are computed. It is noted that there is a good agreement between the simulation and measured result (using vector network analyzer (VNA).
Design & Simulation of 8-Shape Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna
This paper presents an 8-shape slotted microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip
transmission line. The proposed antenna is simulated with the help of commercially available GEMS software
based on the parallel FDTD algorithm. The antenna is designed by FR4 substrate and ground plane with an area
50mm×40mm×1.60 mm. The designed antenna generates three resonant modes at 2.12 GHz, 6.98 GHz and 13.84
GHz respectively. The bandwidths of the antenna (-10 dB) of the three frequencies are 25.75%, 6.13% and
20.63% respectively. The return loss (S ) characteristics for the three bands are -41.95 dB, -22.68 dB and -23.15
11
dB respectively. The 3D radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are provided in the paper.
Comparative Analysis for Different Stack Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennaijsrd.com
A compact stack antenna consisting of square patch, loop couplers and inset feed line is reviewed in this work. This proposed design represents a stacked patch antenna having an arrangement of two substrates separated by an air gape and a coupling is provided using square loop structure. The structure is reviewed in two different directions firstly the feed arrangement is varied and secondly a variation in coupler structure is done to make the antenna work at multiple frequencies in UWB range. The simulation results of this work with different resonator structure and feed structures are presented and comparative analysis of these different arrangements is presented in this paper. Simulation results obtained from the proposed antenna for return loss, polar radiation and pattern voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) shows its suitability for ultra wide band application.
Bandwidth enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using slotsIOSR Journals
In this paper, a new design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) without slot, with slots
and array is proposed and analyzed. The designed antenna has been simulated using HFSS software. The
simulated results for return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented and discussed. The bandwidth of
proposed antenna is 2.4GHz-5.9GHz for VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)<2><-
10dB return loss as an acceptable reference in wireless applications which cover worldwide interoperability for
microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) and other applications. Gain of 10dB is
achieved for antenna array.
Bandwidth enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using slotsIOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, a new design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) without slot, with slots and array is proposed and analyzed. The designed antenna has been simulated using HFSS software. The simulated results for return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented and discussed. The bandwidth of proposed antenna is 2.4GHz-5.9GHz for VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)<2><-10dB return loss as an acceptable reference in wireless applications which cover worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) and other applications. Gain of 10dB is achieved for antenna array. Keywords- Array, Microstrip antenna, WLAN, WiMAX
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a button
I045065054
1. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.50-54
www.ijera.com 50 | P a g e
Broadband Electromagnetic Gap-Coupled Assembly of Patches
Forming Trapezoidal Microstrip Antenna for S-Band Application
D. Bhardwaj1
, O. P. Sharma2
, B.V. Singh3
, C. K. Dubey4
and K. Sharma5
1
(Department of Applied Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jaipur Campus, India)
2
(Department of Electronics and Communication, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, India)
3,4
(M. Tech., IV Semester, Department of Electronics and Comm., Poornima College of Eng., Jaipur, India)
5
(Department of Physics, Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India)
ABSTRACT
In this paper our aim is to design an Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Trapezoidal Shaped Microstrip Patch
Antenna [GCTSMPA] which is suitable for Microwave S-band applications. This antenna offers much
improved impedance bandwidth 20%. The proposed antenna has achieved a suitable gain of 3.90 dBi and 0.99
dBi at resonating frequencies 3.59GHz and 4.10 GHz respectively. Other antenna parameters such as antenna
input impedance, the Voltage Standing wave ratio (VSWR), Return Loss, Gain and Bandwidth are simulated for
the proposed antenna. Antenna geometry and other simulated results are also presented in a tabular form. The
antenna designed on glass epoxy FR-4 dielectric substrate, that has a dielectric constant 4.4, a Loss tangent
0.025 and thickness of the dielectric substrate h=1.6mm.
Keywords –Electromagnetic gap-coupled, S-Band, GCTSMPA, Loss tangent, FR4 Substrate
I. INTRODUCTION
The design and development in microstrip
antennas have undergone with a tremendous growth
because of its light weight, conformability, low cost
and ease of fabrication [1-3]. In this paper the design
and analysis of trapezoidal shaped microstrip patch
antenna have been considered. The designed
trapezoidal shaped antenna has broadband operation
and provides better bandwidth and gain as compared
to the rectangular shaped patch antenna of the same
dimensions [4]. Microstrip patch antennas are widely
used in S and C band because they posses embedded
structure within compact geometries, better angular
coverage and desirable gain depending upon the
shape [5]. However, some serious problems are also
associated which includes its narrow bandwidth due
to surface wave losses and large size dependency of
patch for getting some good results. Nowadays, many
researchers are proposing their results to enhance the
bandwidth with the smallest size patch. Microstrip
patch antennas radiate primarily because of the
fringing fields between the patch edge and the ground
plane [6].
II. RECTANGULAR MICOSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA
We have used glass epoxy FR-4 as a
dielectric substrate having 4.4 as a dielectric constant
and loss tangent 0.025 To simulate the antennas.
Thickness of dielectric (h) is 1.6 mm.
Fig.1: 3D view of Rectangular Microstrip Patch
Antenna
We have chosen a rectangular microstrip
patch antenna, with dimensions L=44 mm and W=36
mm. The 3D & 2D geometry of the conventional
rectangular microstrip patch antenna (CRMPA) is
presented in figures 1 and 2 respectively.
Fig.2: Geometry of Rectangular Patch Antenna
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.50-54
www.ijera.com 51 | P a g e
This conventional antenna is resonating at
frequencies 3.19 GHz, 4.79 GHz and 5.70 GHz as
shown in figure 3.
Fig.3: Variation of reflections coefficient versus
resonating frequencies of CRMPA
After impedance matching (50 Ω) we also
analyzed to gain & its percentage bandwidth and
observed that the Conventional Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna (CRMPA) posses low
bandwidth of 3.7%, 4.17% and 5.41% at 3.19 GHz,
4.79GHz and 5.70GHz respectively.
III. TRAPEZOIDAL MICOSTRIP
PATCH ANTENNA
For the purpose of enhancement in the
bandwidth of rectangular patch we have to apply the
broadband technique i.e. modification of patch
geometry. We modified rectangular patch by cutting
two opposite right triangles to convert a rectangular
patch in to trapezoidal patch. This geometry is shown
in figure4. The patch mounted on a FR-4 substrate
and above from the ground plane at a height of
1.6 mm. As we energized at feed location X = 2mm
and Y=3.5mm the antenna starts resonating at
frequency 2.8GHz having bandwidth 5.51% as
shown in figure 5, Which is still unsatisfactory in
terms of broadband antenna, therefore antenna
required further modifications.
Fig.4: Geometry of a Trapezoidal Microstrip Patch
Antenna
Fig.5: Variation of reflection coefficients versus
resonating frequencies of Trapezoidal microstrip
patch antenna
IV. GAP-COUPLED TRAPEZOIDAL
SHAPED MICOSTRIP PATCH
ANTENNA
The bandwidth of the microstrip antennas
can be further improved by using the gap-coupled
structure. In this structure, a parasitic patch is placed
close to the feed patch and gets excited through the
coupling between the patches. The feed patch is
excited by a feeding method and the parasitic patch is
excited by gap-coupling. If the resonant frequencies
of these two patches are close to each other, then the
broad bandwidth is obtained as shown in Figure 7.
The overall input return loss will be the superposition
of the responses of the resonators resulting in a wide
bandwidth [11]. By adjusting the feed location and
various dimension parameters of the gap-coupled
microstrip antennas, the bandwidth can be enhanced.
If the dimensions of the feed patch and parasitic
patch are same, due to coupling the coupled structure
creates two different resonant frequencies. Therefore,
we have to enhance the bandwidth of the trapezoidal
patch. Now to further enhance the bandwidth by
above technique, we divided our same trapezoidal
patch geometry in six segments.
Table 1: Modified trapezoidal microstrip patch
antenna (GCTSMPA) design parameters
S.
No.
Parameters Design Considerations
1
Patch
dimensions
L=44mm, W=36mm
2
Dielectric
substrate (FR4)
tanδ= 0.025, εr=4.4
3 Substrate height 1.6 mm
4 Probe Radius 0.62 mm
5 Width of gaps
0.5mm for Vertical
Gap and 1.0mm for
Horizontal Gap
The modified Trapezoidal patch includes
two triangles, two rectangles and two right trapezoids
by cutting two vertical slits having same width 0.5
mm and one horizontal slit having width 1.0mm as
3. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.50-54
www.ijera.com 52 | P a g e
shown in figure 6. This antenna is energized from
lower rectangular part of the gap-coupled trapezoidal
patch, remaining five parasitic patches are coupled
electromagnetically. Thus, by single feed all six parts
of modified patch are radiated.
Fig.6: Geometry of a gap-coupled trapezoidal shaped
(L=44mm, Width=36mm) Microstrip Patch antenna
[GCTSMPA] with feed location
After applying modification for gap-coupled
technique, we received better results in terms of
bandwidth, gain and at the same time desired
frequency bands for broadband applications. The
figure 7 shows the variation of reflection coefficient
with frequency. It shows that design considerations
of the final modified antenna are resonating at 3.60
GHz and 4.10 GHz. The impedance bandwidth of the
antenna is 20%, corresponding to the central
frequency 3.8GHz.
Fig.7: Variation of reflection coefficients versus
resonating frequencies of GCTSMPA
The simulated results also show that the
input impedance at two resonating frequencies 3.6
GHz and 4.10 GHz are close to 50 ohm impedance of
the feed line considered in the present work. These
results, as per figure 8 indicates that simulated
antenna is nicely matched with the feed line and very
little reflections are taking place at the feed location.
Fig.8: Variation of input impedance versus resonating
frequencies of GCTSMPA
The gain of modified trapezoidal microstrip
patch antenna [GCTSMPA] is 3.9dBi and 0.99dBi at
frequency 3.59 GHz and 4.10 GHz respectively as
shown in figure 9.
Fig.9: Variation of Gain versus resonating
frequencies of GCTSMPA
Fig.10: Variation of VSWR versus Resonance
frequency of GCTSMPA.
The simulated VSWR for the two
considered resonating frequency 3.6 GHz and 4.10
GHz are 1.1 and 1.31 respectively, which are close to
unity.
Variation of gain with frequency is given in
figure 9. Which shows that gain with respect to these
two resonating frequencies is 3.90 dBi and 0.99 dBi
respectively. Figure 11 shows the 3D Radiation
Pattern of modified GCTSMPA at 3.6 GHz. Figure
12 shows the 2D radiation pattern in polar form. This
radiation pattern is identical and uniform at the 3.6
GHz resonating frequency, whereas the pattern of
figure 13 is slightly bent at an angle 30 degree at the
4. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.50-54
www.ijera.com 53 | P a g e
4.1 GHz resonating frequency. It means that the
direction of maximum radiations is normal [4] to the
patch geometry as shown in figure 9.
Fig.11: 3D Radiation Pattern of modified GCTSMPA
at 3.6 GHz
Fig.12: 2D Radiation Pattern of modified GCTSMPA
at 3.6GHz
Fig.13: 2D Radiation Pattern of modified GCTSMPA
at 4.10GHz
V. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
The Electromagnetic Gap Coupled
Trapezoidal Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna is
designed and simulated in this research work. This
antenna is suitable for Microwave S-band
applications. The whole analyses are carried out by
considering three geometries with the same dielectric
substrate glass epoxy FR-4. We conclude that due to
the effect of gap-coupling the bandwidth of
trapezoidal shaped microstrip patch antenna
(GCTSMPA) enhanced up to 20 %,
corresponding to the center frequency 3.8 GHz in
comparison with a rectangular patch antenna having
bandwidth 5.5%. It is also concluded that in case of
gap-coupled microstrip patch geometry, if gap/
spacing between the patches will increase from
0.5mm to 1.0mm than due to coupling effect and the
combination of various resonant frequencies
corresponding to each parasitic patch the effective
bandwidth will be increased up to 20%. We are also
developing a gap-coupled trapezoid microstrip patch
antenna and its actual outcome will be tested in due
course.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We extended our sincere thanks and
gratitude to Professor Deepak Bhatnagar for
providing the simulation facilities at their antenna
research laboratory at University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
and Dr. S. M. Seth, Chairman Poornima College of
Engineering, Jaipur, for providing us valuable
direction for research work.
REFERENCES
[1] K. F. Lee, Ed., Advances in microstrip and
printed antenna, john Wiley, 1997.
[2] D. M. Pozer and D.H. Schanbert, microstrip
antenna; The analyses and microstrip
antennas and arrays, IEEE press, 1995.
[3] Chen, W-L. And G-M Wang small size edge
–fed sierpinslci carpet Microstrip path
antennas progress in electromagnetic
research C, Vol. 3, 195 {202}, 2008.
[4] Dheeraj Bhardwaj, Komal Sharma, Nidhi
Jain ,”Bandwidth Enhancement Of Broad
Band Dual Resonatore I-Shaped Anenna For
C-Band Applications, Impact Factor
2.2;International Journal Of Electronics
And Communication Technology ,IJECT,
Vol.5 Issue 1,Jan- March 2014,P.P.169-172.
[5] Ali Elrashidhi, Khaled Ellerthy, Harsan
Bajwa, Resonance Frequency, Gain,
Efficiency, And Quality Factore of a
Microstrip Printed antenna as a Function Of
Curvature For TM01 Mode Using Different
Substrate, Resaerch gate article.
[6] Parikshit Vasisht, Taruna Gautam,”Design
of V-Slotted Trapezoidal Patch Antenna in
WI-Max band using optimized feed location
method”, International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering
[IJETAE, Vol.02, Issue06, June 2012, p. p.
245-248.
[7] Rashmi Sharma, Kirti Vyas,“A Novel
Compact Monopole Antenna for C-
band/Wi-Fi/IEEE 802.16 Systems”, IJSCE,
November 2012.
[8] Yu Xinfeng et al.,"Computer Simulation
Design of Double-Layer Wide band
Microstrip Antenna", 2nd International
Conference on Mechanical and Electronics
Engineering (ICMEE 2010).
5. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.50-54
www.ijera.com 54 | P a g e
BOOK:
[9] Girish Kumar and K. P. Ray, Broadband
microstrip antennas (Artech House, 2003).
[10] James R. James, Peter S. Hall, Handbook of
Microstrip Antennas, (IET, 01-Dec-1989).
[11] Kin-Lu Wong, Compact and broadband
microstrip antennas (John Wiley & Sons,
07-April-2004).
Table 2: Comparison Variation of Antenna Parameters between antenna parameters of rectangular & modified
trapezoidal patch antennas
Type of antenna Designed Patch Dimensions
(mm)
Resonating
Frequency
(GHz)
Gain
(dBi)
Bandwidth
(%)
Conventional
Rectangular Microstrip
Patch antenna [CRMPA]
L=44,W=36
3.19,
4.79,
5.70
1.05,
2.65,
4.04
3.7,
4.17,
5.41
Trapezoidal Microstrip
Patch antenna [TMPA]
L=44,W=36,
A=22,B=11
2.8 3.4 5.51
Electromagnetic Gap-
Coupled Trapezoidal
shaped Microstrip Patch
antenna [GCTSMPA]
L=44, W=36,
Vertical Slot
width=0. 5mm
and Horizontal Slot
width= 1.0mm
3.6,
4.10
3.90,
0.90
20
Table 3: Variation of Antenna Parameters of Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Trapezoidal shaped
Microstrip Patch antenna (L=44mm, W=36mm) with width of vertical & horizontal gap-coupling
Designed Microstrip
Patch antenna
Vertical Gap
width
(mm)
Horizontal Gap
width
(mm)
Resonating
Frequency
(GHz)
Gain
(dBi)
Bandwidth
(%)
0.5
Not applicable 2.99,
5.79
0.88,
2.06
2.04,
10.18
0.5 0.5
5.80,
2.99
1.6,
0.61
5.36,
2.66
0.8 0.8
5.68
5.43
4.74
5.01
9.69
12.17
0.8 1.0
4.19,
3.56,
3.29
0.89
1.23
1.36
2.03
4.3
3.6
0.5 1.0
3.60,
4.10
3.90,
0.99
20