Fettling shop is the product finishing shop of casting products.After the knockout, the casting is taken
to the fettling shop for doing the fettling work. The fettling process includes cutting, shot blasting, grinding and
painting. In all these process the sand and extra metal on the castings are removed. The project titled „The
performance analysis of a fettling shop using simulation‟ is based on a fettling shop of a casting industry. The
main aim of the project is the performance analysis of the fettling shop. This project is a simulation based
project and is done using a simulation tool called arena. The main concepts related with the performance
analysis are Bottleneck analysis, Productivity analysis and System improvement analysis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Application of value stream mapping tool to reduce wastes in bearing industryijmech
In today’s highly competitive business environment, companies require improvement in Production Lead
Times, costs and customer service levels to survive. Because of this, companies have become more
customers focused. The result is that companies have been putting in significant effort to improve their
efficiency.
This paper present the practical application of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) tool implement in a bearing
industry. A value stream is an assortment of all actions (value added as well as non-value added) that are
required to bring a product through the essential flows, starting with raw material and ending with the
customer. For drawing current state value stream mapping, all relevant data has been collected and analyzed. Then analysis of current state map has been done for identifying non-value adding activities, in
other words waste and suggestions on how to remove or reduce different wastes. From the results achieved
by current VSM, it was observable that the two processes Annealing and CNC Machining have higher cycle
time and WIP. In order to increase their capacity, their cycle should be reduced.
By implementing some lean principles and changes in the production line, the future state map was created and the reduction the different types of wastes reduced. The total processing time was reduced from 409
seconds to 344 seconds.
The Impact of Lean Production on the Cycle Time: A Case Study of a Welding As...ijsrd.com
The growing global competition is forcing the organisations to reduce the cost for increasing the profit. Lean manufacturing is a powerful tool for attaining this. The history of lean manufacturing starts from the craft production of 1900's. It is evolved through the contributions of F.W. Taylor, Henry Ford, Eiji Toyoda & Taiichi Ohno. The main concept of the lean manufacturing is the reduction in cost by eliminating waste. However, not all lean implementations have produced such results. In this study, a critical examination of lean manufacturing implementation experience at the welding department of a medium size industry located in Kerala, India. . Cycle time reduction is an important way by eliminating or reducing non-value-added activities. To reduce the overall cycle time of manufacturing, the cycle time of each sub-assembly needs to be reduced. Reducing cycle time will have a significant impact on a company's bottom line when implemented. The outcome of this study leads to substantial reduction in cycle time, reduced defects, better utilization of human resource and machines, and reduced cost of maintenance. It has been proved and validated by an empirical relation. The cause and effect diagram is used for analysing the cycle time reduction. The Quality control chart is also used. The improved return on investment (ROI) and reduction in cycle time shows the feasibility. The data for this study were obtained through interviews, Questionnaire survey and archival sources.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Application of value stream mapping tool to reduce wastes in bearing industryijmech
In today’s highly competitive business environment, companies require improvement in Production Lead
Times, costs and customer service levels to survive. Because of this, companies have become more
customers focused. The result is that companies have been putting in significant effort to improve their
efficiency.
This paper present the practical application of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) tool implement in a bearing
industry. A value stream is an assortment of all actions (value added as well as non-value added) that are
required to bring a product through the essential flows, starting with raw material and ending with the
customer. For drawing current state value stream mapping, all relevant data has been collected and analyzed. Then analysis of current state map has been done for identifying non-value adding activities, in
other words waste and suggestions on how to remove or reduce different wastes. From the results achieved
by current VSM, it was observable that the two processes Annealing and CNC Machining have higher cycle
time and WIP. In order to increase their capacity, their cycle should be reduced.
By implementing some lean principles and changes in the production line, the future state map was created and the reduction the different types of wastes reduced. The total processing time was reduced from 409
seconds to 344 seconds.
The Impact of Lean Production on the Cycle Time: A Case Study of a Welding As...ijsrd.com
The growing global competition is forcing the organisations to reduce the cost for increasing the profit. Lean manufacturing is a powerful tool for attaining this. The history of lean manufacturing starts from the craft production of 1900's. It is evolved through the contributions of F.W. Taylor, Henry Ford, Eiji Toyoda & Taiichi Ohno. The main concept of the lean manufacturing is the reduction in cost by eliminating waste. However, not all lean implementations have produced such results. In this study, a critical examination of lean manufacturing implementation experience at the welding department of a medium size industry located in Kerala, India. . Cycle time reduction is an important way by eliminating or reducing non-value-added activities. To reduce the overall cycle time of manufacturing, the cycle time of each sub-assembly needs to be reduced. Reducing cycle time will have a significant impact on a company's bottom line when implemented. The outcome of this study leads to substantial reduction in cycle time, reduced defects, better utilization of human resource and machines, and reduced cost of maintenance. It has been proved and validated by an empirical relation. The cause and effect diagram is used for analysing the cycle time reduction. The Quality control chart is also used. The improved return on investment (ROI) and reduction in cycle time shows the feasibility. The data for this study were obtained through interviews, Questionnaire survey and archival sources.
Implementation and Selection of Optimum Layout Design in Cellular Manufacturi...AM Publications
Laying out a factory involves deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, equipment and staff in the
manufacturing operation and layout determines the way in which materials and other inputs flow through the operation.
The objective of this work is to find the best layout designs with an intention of minimize the material movement and cost
to improve the over efficiency of a diligence and such extension of our work is we planned to implement this optimized
layout design in any of the industry to achieve some good results in their production. In this paper we proposed to make
a deliberate case study in a process industry to study the existing layout design. We have design the optimum layout
considering different layouts like with an aim of minimize the cost by reducing the total travelling distance of materials
and change the existing layout design for selected process industry this optimum layout design is executed using through
ARENA simulation software with different form of machine layouts.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A detailed geological history of quartz and industrial minerals present in different localities of
Eritrea is given. Well-grown transparent quartz crystals reflecting the hexagonal crystallographic features and
isolated, irregular shaped small milky quartz stones are found in western suburb of Asmara and the area
between Molebso and Zara in central northern Eritrea. Mechanism of formation of growth features observed on
the habit faces of transparent quartz crystals is briefly explained. Micro-topographical studies carried out on
these crystals indicate that to begin with, they grow and develop under high supersaturating conditions.
Most of the milky quartz stones are observed to be generally randomly scattered and devoid of gold. However,
few such specimens having yellow colored dots on their surfaces contain gold particles. Energy dispersion of Xray
analysis (EDAX) indicates high content of gold to the tune of 48% present in such samples. Commercial
implications related to quartz bearing gold are discussed. It is proposed that gold exists in large quantity in
quartz veins deep beneath the surface of earth in this region.
Corchorusolitoriuswaste(mulukiya) as a potential sorbent for the removal of c...IOSR Journals
This work was conducted to determine the practicability of using a new adsorbent Corchorusolitorius(mulukiya)waste,for the removal of cadmium (Cd(II)), and thorium (Th(IV)) from wastewater. Corchorusolitoriuswereanalysis by Fourier transform infraredFTIR , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDEX). Some parameters such as adsorbent dosage, solution pH’s, initial metal ion concentrations, and contact time, that influence adsorption phenomenon, were studied. The optimum pH for maximum adsorption of Cd(II) and Th(IV) was found to be 5.55 and 4.50, respectively. The contact time required for reaching equilibrium was 2 hr. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was the best fit to represent the kinetic data. Analysis of the equilibrium adsorption data using Langmuir and Freundlich models showed that theLangmuir model was well suitable to describe the metal ions adsorption.
A Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Food Flavoring Extracts Using Infr...IOSR Journals
Food is the basic necessity of life. One works hard and earns to satisfy our hunger .But at the end of the day, many of us are not sure of what we eat. We may be eating a dangerous flavors and dyes. Often, we invite diseases rather than good health. The purpose of this article is to detect the presence of food adulterants in some common foods and to create awareness about the artificial tests and dyes. A study of the IR spectra and the optical activitiy of two natural and artificial most common used flavor and colors (Vanilla and Strawberry) were detected. IR spectra of synthetic Vanilla were dominated by specific peaks that attributed to corresponding synthetic pigments (specific spectral band of stretching C=0 ester of aldehydic and ketonic groups in synthetic flavor at1744.87cm-1 with a weak shoulder at1700 cm-1 .And stretching CO of sucrose at (990.49 and 923,70) cm-1.The synthetic Strawberry characterized with specific spectral bands of (C=O stretching at 1634.96 cm-1 in ester and CO stretching of sucrose at 925 cm-1), while these functional groups disappeared in natural. Vanilla and Strawberry extracts. The natural Flavoring extracts posse's levorotatory property; they are optically active, while the synthetic extracts not rotates the plane of polarization of the light which passes through the material, they are said to be; not active optically. The obtained results indicated that, Infrared spectrum and Optical activity could be adapted to detect adulterants added products, and to differentiate between natural and artificial food flavoring extracts.
Implementation and Selection of Optimum Layout Design in Cellular Manufacturi...AM Publications
Laying out a factory involves deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, equipment and staff in the
manufacturing operation and layout determines the way in which materials and other inputs flow through the operation.
The objective of this work is to find the best layout designs with an intention of minimize the material movement and cost
to improve the over efficiency of a diligence and such extension of our work is we planned to implement this optimized
layout design in any of the industry to achieve some good results in their production. In this paper we proposed to make
a deliberate case study in a process industry to study the existing layout design. We have design the optimum layout
considering different layouts like with an aim of minimize the cost by reducing the total travelling distance of materials
and change the existing layout design for selected process industry this optimum layout design is executed using through
ARENA simulation software with different form of machine layouts.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A detailed geological history of quartz and industrial minerals present in different localities of
Eritrea is given. Well-grown transparent quartz crystals reflecting the hexagonal crystallographic features and
isolated, irregular shaped small milky quartz stones are found in western suburb of Asmara and the area
between Molebso and Zara in central northern Eritrea. Mechanism of formation of growth features observed on
the habit faces of transparent quartz crystals is briefly explained. Micro-topographical studies carried out on
these crystals indicate that to begin with, they grow and develop under high supersaturating conditions.
Most of the milky quartz stones are observed to be generally randomly scattered and devoid of gold. However,
few such specimens having yellow colored dots on their surfaces contain gold particles. Energy dispersion of Xray
analysis (EDAX) indicates high content of gold to the tune of 48% present in such samples. Commercial
implications related to quartz bearing gold are discussed. It is proposed that gold exists in large quantity in
quartz veins deep beneath the surface of earth in this region.
Corchorusolitoriuswaste(mulukiya) as a potential sorbent for the removal of c...IOSR Journals
This work was conducted to determine the practicability of using a new adsorbent Corchorusolitorius(mulukiya)waste,for the removal of cadmium (Cd(II)), and thorium (Th(IV)) from wastewater. Corchorusolitoriuswereanalysis by Fourier transform infraredFTIR , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDEX). Some parameters such as adsorbent dosage, solution pH’s, initial metal ion concentrations, and contact time, that influence adsorption phenomenon, were studied. The optimum pH for maximum adsorption of Cd(II) and Th(IV) was found to be 5.55 and 4.50, respectively. The contact time required for reaching equilibrium was 2 hr. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was the best fit to represent the kinetic data. Analysis of the equilibrium adsorption data using Langmuir and Freundlich models showed that theLangmuir model was well suitable to describe the metal ions adsorption.
A Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Food Flavoring Extracts Using Infr...IOSR Journals
Food is the basic necessity of life. One works hard and earns to satisfy our hunger .But at the end of the day, many of us are not sure of what we eat. We may be eating a dangerous flavors and dyes. Often, we invite diseases rather than good health. The purpose of this article is to detect the presence of food adulterants in some common foods and to create awareness about the artificial tests and dyes. A study of the IR spectra and the optical activitiy of two natural and artificial most common used flavor and colors (Vanilla and Strawberry) were detected. IR spectra of synthetic Vanilla were dominated by specific peaks that attributed to corresponding synthetic pigments (specific spectral band of stretching C=0 ester of aldehydic and ketonic groups in synthetic flavor at1744.87cm-1 with a weak shoulder at1700 cm-1 .And stretching CO of sucrose at (990.49 and 923,70) cm-1.The synthetic Strawberry characterized with specific spectral bands of (C=O stretching at 1634.96 cm-1 in ester and CO stretching of sucrose at 925 cm-1), while these functional groups disappeared in natural. Vanilla and Strawberry extracts. The natural Flavoring extracts posse's levorotatory property; they are optically active, while the synthetic extracts not rotates the plane of polarization of the light which passes through the material, they are said to be; not active optically. The obtained results indicated that, Infrared spectrum and Optical activity could be adapted to detect adulterants added products, and to differentiate between natural and artificial food flavoring extracts.
Pollution Due To Noise from Selected PlacesIOSR Journals
Noise pollution degrades environment and also causes health hazard to human beings. In urban areas major sources of noise pollution are traffic and construction activities. Available guide lines for noise pollution have been reviewed in the paper. Measurement of noise levels at selected locations reported in the paper, for example, railway stations, use of machinery at construction sites, etc., was made and compared with the guide line values. It has been observed that the noise level at all locations exceeds the value prescribed by the competent authorities. At the pedestrian locations the noise level is 60 dB to 110 dB. At the railway crossing the noise level is 45 dB to 110 dB. The above inference shows that the noise pollution is paramount at all sources. Due to the various adverse impacts of noise on humans and environment, noise should be controlled. The conclusion drawn from this study is that the technique or the combination of techniques to be employed for noise control depends upon the extent of the noise reduction required, nature of the equipment used and the economy aspects of the available techniques
The Protective Role Of High Dietary Protein On Arsenic Induced Hepatotoxicity...IOSR Journals
The objective of the present investigation was to study the protective role of High dietary protein on arsenic induced hepatotoxicity model in adult male albino rats. Hepatotoxicity in rats was caused by arsenic tri oxide at a dose of 3mg- /ml/kg body weight. Hepamerz, a drug used as standard hepatoprotective agent, was administered orally as standard hepatoprotective agent for 14 consecutive days prior to arsenic treatment at a dose of 10mg- /ml/kg body weight. This drug has many side effects. These side effects have prompted the scientific world for the search of alternative natural remedies of liver damage. The High dietary protein was administered orally to rats along with arsenic. The biochemical parameters were investigated. The results indicated that biochemical changes produced by arsenic were restored to almost normal by High protein diet. The High protein diet produced hepatoprotective effect through the modulation of antioxidant - mediated mechanism by altering serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels - against arsenic induced hepatotoxicity model in rats.
The Effect Service Quality to Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty of A...IOSR Journals
Customer Loyalty is important for cultivated by the company, therefore the aim of this study to prove
how the effect of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in enhancing Customer Loyalty. Samples were
service users Railway Transport Argo Bromo Anggrek Jakarta Surabaya by using purposive side. Sample size of
300 respondents. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that Services
Quality significantly influence to customer satisfaction. Customer Satisfaction significant effect on Customer
Loyalty. Service Quality is not yet significant effect on Customer Loyalty, so that Customer Satisfaction is a
mediator of the relationship Service Quality on Customer Loyalty to PT Argo Bromo Anggrek Train Jakarta-
Surabaya. The implications that Customer Satisfaction is capable of mediating the quality of care in improving
Customer Loyalty.
Network Lifetime Analysis of Routing Protocols of Short Network in QualnetIOSR Journals
Abstract: A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that communicates with each other without using any existing infrastructure, access point or centralized administration. Mobile ad-hoc network have the attributes such as wireless connection, continuously changing topology, distributed operation and ease of deployment. In this paper we have compared the energy consumption of reactive, proactive & hybrid routing protocol AODV,DSR,RIP & ZRP by using different mobility model. We have analyzed the Network lifetime of protocols by varying pay load, mobility, pause time and type of traffic (CBR). A detailed simulation has been carried out in qualnet. The metrics used for performance analysis are energy consumed & battery consumption. It has been observed that RIP has better network lifetime than other.
Intelligent Fault Identification System for Transmission Lines Using Artifici...IOSR Journals
Transmission and distribution lines are vital links between generating units and consumers. They are
exposed to atmosphere, hence chances of occurrence of fault in transmission line is very high, which has to be
immediately taken care of in order to minimize damage caused by it. This paper focuses on detecting the faults
on electric power transmission lines using artificial neural networks. A feed forward neural network is
employed, which is trained with back propagation algorithm. Analysis on neural networks with varying number
of hidden layers and neurons per hidden layer has been provided to validate the choice of the neural networks
in each step. The developed neural network is capable of detecting single line to ground and double line to
ground for all the three phases. Simulation is done using MATLAB Simulink to demonstrate that artificial
neural network based method are efficient in detecting faults on transmission lines and achieve satisfactory
performances. A 300km, 25kv transmission line is used to validate the proposed fault detection system.
Hardware implementation of neural network is done on TMS320C6713.
Performance Analysis of OFDM in Combating Multipath FadingIOSR Journals
Mobile Communication system has been on high rampage for high data transmission over wireless
medium with various challenges caused by the transmission Channel. OFDM is been discovered in recent years
to deal with this problems because of its ability to elegantly cope with multipath interference. This paper
investigates the performance of different modulation schemes using M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) and Mary
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) in information transmission with OFDM technique over Ideal
channel AWGN and worst channel Rayleigh Fading channel in terms of Bits Error Rate (BER). Analysis was
made for different types of modulation schemes BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM and 16-QAM gray coded bit mapping.
Also, a feasibility of OFDM been used to combat multipath fading was analyzed with comparison between a
single carrier technique and OFDM multicarrier technique. Variation between SNR results with respect to BER
is plotted to show the trade off differences between the modulation schemes with the result showing that OFDM
allows data transmission with minimal error over fading channel than a Single Carrier
Implementation of XOR Based Pad Generation Mutual Authentication Protocol for...IOSR Journals
In RF link, without security the messages exchange between the two devices are monitoring by an
eavesdropper. So the exclusive-OR (XOR) based pad generation protocol is used to safely transfer the data to
the other point with necessary security and it maintaining confidentiality. This protocol produce the cover
coding pad to mask the access password before the datas are transmitted. A specially designed pad generation
will be implemented in digital domain to solve the insecurity problem in data communication RF link. This
protocol developed under regulation of ISO 18000 – 6 type C protocol also known as EPC C1G2 RFID
protocol. The linear feed back shift register (LFSR) generate the pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) and it
is used as data source to the pad generation function. The Xilinx 13.x software is used for synthesize and
modelsim SE6.0 is used for simulating the result. The pad generation algorithm has been implemented in FPGA
Spartan 3 PQ208-4 board to verify the result
Improving layout and workload of manufacturing system using Delmia Quest simu...AM Publications
This paper describes a case study of analysis and optimization of the facility layout in a manufacturing cell
using a systematic search method and a Quest computer simulation model with graphical representation of the
manufacturing processes. The simulation model objective was to obtain Layout design to achieve a high productivity in the
flexible manufacturing system (FMS), to determine bottleneck locations and what the optimal batch size should be. The
Quest software proved to be a powerful tool in assessing what changes should be made to a manufacturing cell before
incurring manufacturing improvements and/or performing actual capital investments. The aim of this study is to get
an understanding of the cell and its behaviour regarding production and to use the simulation software to change,
analyse and improve the cell.
Development of new products is extremely essential for the success and smooth running of every industry. Companies have to constantly inject innovations and design efforts to make the design processes easy and to attract consumers in a constantly in a evolving and highly competitive market with best quality . Keeping ahead of the competition by bringing new and exciting products to market fast, and at the necessary level of quality, presents a major engineering challenge. A new casting bracket in place of old stamping brackets in snowmobile chassis development process is described, which introduces advanced FEM and Optimization technology into the concept development phase. Detailed predictions of interacting parts in a mechanism assembly are made possible through use of value engineering based process and material selection and advanced simulation technology. Design optimization is then employed using the modeling as a virtual testing ground for design variants. The approach provides clear design direction and helps to improve performance and reduce the unnecessary welding efforts of bracket manufacturing. Design is an intelligent activity that begins with design requirements and ends with a product description. Using Altair Optistruct was able to significantly reduce design time by sub modeling with structural optimization. The resultant casting bracket design showed superior performance characteristics. And finely the manufacturer had to put less efforts in stamping and part welding , which reduced the manufacturing time and cost also.
Review on GROUP TECHNOLOGY & it’s implementationManoj Gowda K
Manufacturing philosophy which advocates simplification and standardization of similar parts in order to reduce complexity in manufacturing.
GT is a manufacturing concept in which similar parts are grouped together in parts groups families.
The team of ten members was tasked with designing a plant to manufacture and assemble hair dryers for use in regional peripheral warehouses, shopping malls, and shops. A well-equipped assembly area, a raw materials warehouse (RMW), a finished product warehouse (FPW), a semi-finished storage area, and service areas have all been available at the plant. Geometric and volumetric sizing, lines and/or cells and/or work departments, shelving, reception areas, shipping areas, picking areas, packaging areas, and finished product containment buildings were all the responsibility of each project team.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
The Performance Analysis of a Fettling Shop Using Simulation
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 9, Issue 2 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 10-14
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
The Performance Analysis of a Fettling Shop Using Simulation
Mathew Thomas
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology, Vazhakulam,
Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India.
Abstract: Fettling shop is the product finishing shop of casting products.After the knockout, the casting is taken
to the fettling shop for doing the fettling work. The fettling process includes cutting, shot blasting, grinding and
painting. In all these process the sand and extra metal on the castings are removed. The project titled „The
performance analysis of a fettling shop using simulation‟ is based on a fettling shop of a casting industry. The
main aim of the project is the performance analysis of the fettling shop. This project is a simulation based
project and is done using a simulation tool called arena. The main concepts related with the performance
analysis are Bottleneck analysis, Productivity analysis and System improvement analysis.
Keywords: Performance analysis, Fettling shop, Bottleneck, Simulation.
I. Introduction
The performance analysis is mainly done with Bottleneck analysis, Productivity analysis and System
improvement analysis. Here, performance analysis of the fettling shop is done using a simulation tool called
arena.
A. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Performance analysis is the process of analyzing the performance of a system or a process. Here,
performance analysis of a casting industry fettling shop is done. The different performance analysis tools are
Bottleneck analysis, Productivity analysis and System improvement analysis. The main aim of the project is the
performance analysis of the fettling shop. This is a simulation based project and is done using a simulation tool
called arena.
B. FETTLING SHOP
The fettling shop is the product finishing shop of casting products.After the knockout, the casting is
taken to the fettling shop for doing the fettling work. The fettling process includes cutting, shot blasting,
grinding and painting. In all these process the sand and extra metal on the castings are removed.
C. BOTTLENECK
In engineering, a bottleneck is a phenomenon by which the performance or capacity of an entire system
is severely limited by a single component. Formally, a bottleneck lies on a system's critical path and provides
the lowest throughput. As such, system designers will try to avoid bottlenecks and direct effort towards locating
and tuning existing bottlenecks.
D. PRODUCTIVITY
Productivity is an average measure of the efficiency of production. Productivity is a ratio of production
output to input (i.e, capital, labor, land, materials, etc.). It is a measure of how well the resources are utilized to
produce an output. i.e, Productivity=Output/Input. The measure of productivity is defined as a total output per
one unit of a total input.
E.SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT
System improvement is the process of improving the overall performance of the system. The results of
system improvement are output maximization, production capacity improvement of the system, reduction of
waiting times, reduction of number of products waiting at workstations etc.
F.SIMULATION MODELING
Simulation modeling is the process of creating and analyzing a digital prototype of a physical model to
predict its performance in the real world. Simulation modeling allows designers and engineers to avoid repeated
building of multiple physical prototypes to analyze designs for new or existing parts.
2. The Performance Analysis Of A Fettling Shop Using Simulation
www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
G. BASIC PROCESS ARENA MODULES
The main basic process arena modules are shown below in table 1.These basic process arena modules
are used for modeling purposes
Module Name Symbol Function
Create Used as a source to generates new entities.
Assign Used to assign values to variables
Process Used as the main processing method
Record Used to collect statistics in a particular location in the model
Dispose Used as the exit point of entities from a simulation model
Table 1-Basic process arena modules
H. ADVANCED TRANSFER MODULES
The advanced transfer modules used for modeling process are request, transport, station and free.
Symbols & functions of advanced transfer modules are shown in table 2
Module Name Symbol Function
Request Used to assign a transporter unit to an entity and then to move the
unit to the entity’s location
Transport Used to transfer an entity controlling a transporter unit to a
destination.
Station Used to define a station or a set of stations.
Free Used to release the entity’s most recently allocated transporter unit.
Table 2-Advanced transfer modules
II. Literature Review
Timothy M. Elftman (1999) described about the examination of the effects of bottlenecks and
production control rules at assembly stations. In manufacturing centers, products manufactured at different
locations are often joined together at assembly stations. If not managed properly this common event can lead to
defective products, lost throughput, and increased WIP. All of which will result in lost capital for the
manufacturing center. Christoph Roser et.al (2002) suggested various techniques for shifting bottleneck
detection. This involves a novel method for detecting bottlenecks in manufacturing systems and the shifting of
these bottlenecks. All manufacturing systems are constrained by one or more bottlenecks. Improving the
bottleneck will improve the whole system.
Karthik Krishna et.al (2008) described the iterative use of simulation and scheduling methodologies to
improve productivity. It includes the integrated use of process simulation, production scheduling, and detailed
analysis of material-handling methods and their improvement. The study undertook the identification and
improvement of production and scheduling policies to the benefit of a manufacturing process whose original
throughput capacity fell significantly short of high and increasing demand. Prameth tantivanich et.al (2002)
suggested a simulation approach for productivity improvement of an IC factory. It is used to develop a
simulation model to intimate a real world IC assembly line in order to identify alternatives for productivity
improvement. Melaka (2009) described productivity analysis of table top fan assembly process using arena
simulation. The objectives of this study are mainly to investigate the problems and wastes in the assembly
process of table top fan and simulate the processes for higher productivity and efficiency. There are some
significant problems faced in the assembly processes such as bottleneck at some operation and low productivity
and efficiency.
Create
Assign
Process
Record
Dispose
Request
Transport
Station
Free
3. The Performance Analysis Of A Fettling Shop Using Simulation
www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
III. Methodology And Analysis
The main aim of the project is the performance analysis of the fettling shop. The fettling shop is the
product finishing shop of casting products. The methodology of the project is shown below.
ANALYSIS
The different cases in the analysis are described below.
1. Analysis of the system performance with respect to number of machines.
The overall performance of the system can be improved by increasing the number of machines in workstations.
2. Analysis of the system performance with respect to transporters.
The overall performance of the system can be improved by increasing the number of transporters in fettling
shop.
3. Analysis of the system performance with respect to distance between workstations.
Smaller distance helps for reducing material handling time and maximizing the products output. Distance
between workstations is an important variable which affects the overall performance.
4. Analysis of the system performance with respect to sequence.
Change the processing sequence of products for achieving more products output and maximum system
performance.
5. Analysis of the system performance with respect to product mix.
We can change the product mix by increasing the number of products from present condition. It helps to achieve
more product variety from the fettling shop.
IV. Results
The results of different simulation experiments are as follows.
A. Analysis Of The System Performance With Respect To Number Of Machines.
a) Output
Average number of casting products finished in a week (7
Days)
332
b) Delay Times in Fettling Shop
Average delay of products in a week 84.61 minutes (1.41 hours)
c) Utilization of Machines in Fettling Shop
Utilization of cutting machines 22 %
Utilization of grinding machines 58 %
Utilization of painting machine 37 %
Utilization of shot blasting machine 21 %
d) Flow Times of Products
Average cylinder frame flow time 296.36 minutes
Average fly wheel 1 flow time 243.86 minutes
Average fly wheel 2 flow time 135.05 minutes
Average fly wheel 3 flow time 119.21 minutes
Average gear case flow time 137.82 minutes
Average machine tool bed flow time 275.40 minutes
e) Total Time
Average total time of fettling shop is 218.54 minutes (3.642 hours)
4. The Performance Analysis Of A Fettling Shop Using Simulation
www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
B. ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO TRANSPORTERS
a) Output
Average number of casting products finished in a
week (7 Days)
329
b) Delay Times in Fettling Shop
Average delay of products in a week 154.83 minutes (2.58 hours)
c) Utilization of Machines in Fettling Shop
Utilization of cutting machines 30 %
Utilization of grinding machines 86 %
Utilization of painting machine 73 %
Utilization of shot blasting machine 28 %
d) Flow Times of Products
Average cylinder frame flow time 387.27 minutes
Average fly wheel 1 flow time 331.37 minutes
Average fly wheel 2 flow time 195.71 minutes
Average fly wheel 3 flow time 149.73 minutes
Average gear case flow time 168.45 minutes
Average machine tool bed flow time 359.24 minutes
e) Total Time
Average total time = 288.63 minutes (4.81 hours)
C. ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO DISTANCE BETWEEN
WORKSTATIONS.
a) Output
Average number of casting products finished in a
week (7 Days)
329
b) Delay Times in Fettling Shop
Average delay of products in a week 157.05 minutes (2.61 hours)
c) Utilization of Machines in Fettling Shop
Utilization of cutting machines 30 %
Utilization of grinding machines 86 %
Utilization of painting machine 73 %
Utilization of shot blasting machine 28 %
d) Flow Times of Products
Average cylinder frame flow time 390.10 minutes
Average fly wheel 1 flow time 329.41 minutes
Average fly wheel 2 flow time 195.51 minutes
Average fly wheel 3 flow time 149.17 minutes
Average gear case flow time 170.38 minutes
Average machine tool bed flow time 364.80 minutes
e) Total Time
Average total time = 289.58 minutes (4.82 hours)
D. ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO SEQUENCE.
a) Output
Average number of casting products finished in a
week (7 Days)
323
b) Delay Times in Fettling Shop
Average delay of products in a week 263.42 minutes (4.39 hours)
c) Utilization of Machines in Fettling Shop
Utilization of cutting machines 44 %
Utilization of grinding machines 96 %
Utilization of painting machine 64 %
Utilization of shot blasting machine 27 %
d) Flow Times of Products
Average cylinder frame flow time 433.10 minutes
Average fly wheel 1 flow time 400.24 minutes
5. The Performance Analysis Of A Fettling Shop Using Simulation
www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
Average fly wheel 2 flow time 423.63 minutes
Average fly wheel 3 flow time 412.70 minutes
Average gear case flow time 406.60 minutes
Average machine tool bed flow time 408.96 minutes
e) Total Time
Average total time = 415.30 minutes (6.92 hours)
E.ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO PRODUCT MIX.
a) Output
Average number of casting products finished in a
week (7 Days)
330
b) Delay Times in Fettling Shop
Average delay of products in a week 149.30 minutes (2.48 hours)
c) Utilization of Machines in Fettling Shop
Utilization of cutting machines 26 %
Utilization of grinding machines 85 %
Utilization of painting machine 71 %
Utilization of shot blasting machine 26 %
d) Flow Times of Products
Average cylinder frame flow time 153.99 minutes
Average fly wheel 1 flow time 341.66 minutes
Average fly wheel 2 flow time 349.01 minutes
Average fly wheel 3 flow time 181.47 minutes
Average gear case flow time 404.46 minutes
Average machine tool bed flow time 178.10 minutes
Average 7-th product flow time 366.94 minutes
e) Total Time
Average total time = 276.77 minutes (4.61hours)
V. Conclusion
The various satisfied results of the project are as follows. The project helped to understand the current
state and performance of the fettling shop. Arena modeling helped to understand critical areas like bottleneck.
Simulation study on the model helped to identify the improvement areas of the current system. ‘What if
analysis’ helped to forecast expected future results after new system improvement suggestions. Finally, the
performance improvement model is obtained.
References
[1] Al.Araidah, O.Boran (2012) -“Reducing delay in healthcare delivery at outpatients clinics using discrete event simulation”.
[2] Bronislav Chramcov, Petr beran (2005) -“A simulation approach to achieving more efficient production systems”.
[3] Chompoonoot kasemset,Voratas kachitvichyanukul (2008)- “Simulation-based procedure for implementing theory of constraints:
extension for cases with multiple bottlenecks”.
[4] Christoph Roser,Masaru Nakano ,Minoru Tanaka (2002) –“Shifting bottleneck detection”.
[5] Felipe f. Baesler,Milton Moraga,Francisco j. Ramis (2002) -“Productivity improvement in the wood industry using simulation and
artificial intelligence”.
[6] Galina Merkuryeva (2005) –“Metamodelling for simulation applications in production”.
[7] Julian h. Kang,Sung-mo ahn , Ji-hyun nam (2006)-“Productivity assessment of rock transportation trucks using simulation
technology”.
[8] Kidak Levent B,Aksarayli Mehmet (2011) -“Simulation modeling for process improvement in a general surgery service”.
[9] Melaka (2009)-“Productivity analysis of table top fan assembly process using arena simulation”.
[10] Navin Gupta, Edward j. Williams (2005) –“Simulation improves service and profitability of an automobile service garage”.
[11] Seraj yousef abed (2004) -”A simulation study to increase the capacity of a rusk production line “.
[12] Prameth tantivanich (2002), Prapaisrisudasna-“A simulation approach for productivity improvement of an ic factory”.