The document provides information on the building services systems at Damen Mall in Subang Jaya, Malaysia. It discusses the mechanical air conditioning system, which includes mechanical ventilation fans like ceiling fans, floor blowers, and hand dryers. It also describes the air conditioning system, which uses both packaged and centralized systems. Other systems covered include the fire protection system, electrical system, vertical transportation system involving elevators and escalators, and zoning of the HVAC system.

1. B U I L D I N G S E R V I C E S I I
C A S E S T U D Y

2. DAMEN MALL,
SUBANG JAYA

3. M E C H A N I C A L A I R
C O N D I T I O N I N G
S Y S T E M
F I R E P R O T E C T I O N
S Y S T E M
E L E C T R I C A L
G E N E R A T I O N &
S U P P L Y S Y S T E M
V E R T I C A L
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N
S Y S T E M

4. MECHANICAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

5. MECHANICAL VENTILATION
• System that aids in the process of converting the air in an enclosed place
into a fresh and clean air
• Dirty indoor air will be withdrawn and fresh air would be supplied into the
building through an external source
• Several types of mechanical devices (fans and air conditioner)

6. MECHANICAL FAN
CEILING FAN (PROPELLER FAN)
• Used in one of the restaurant in Da Men mall at its
open- air area
• Helps to circulate the air within the space.
• Generally seen as a ventilation system (the most visible
ventilation system in a building)
• Does not supply real ventilation
• Only circulates the air within the space
Purpose: Lowering the perceived temperature through
evaporation of sweat on the skin of the occupants.

7. FLOOR BLOWER (CENTRIFUGAL FAN)
• Circulates the air throughout the toilet
• Aids in the drying process
• Important to dry the toilet immediately
• Prevent the growth of mold and bacteria
• Helps to get rid of unpleasant smell in the
toilet
MECHANICAL FAN

8. HAND DRYER
• Hand washing is an important part of hygiene
• An effective way of drying hands.
• Classified as a green technology devices
• Popular with industries for their apparent
economic benefits
• Requires little maintenance as compared to
paper towel which has to be replaced
• Reduce cost of paper towel
• Better for environment
MECHANICAL FAN

9. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
PACKAGED SYSTEM:
• At lower ground levels
• Air-cooled package
• Cooling Load: 24,000- 36,000 Btu/h Indoor Unit
Outdoor Unit

10. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

11. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM – PACKAGED SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES
Easy
access for
technician
Saves
space
Individual
control
Can
readily
heat and
cool large
buildings

12. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM – PACKAGED SYSTEM
- Prone to
damages
(Outdoor Unit –
Withstand harsher
condition, exposure
leads to rust and
corrosion.)
DISADVANTAGES

13. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
CENTRALIZED SYSTEM:
- In ground and upper floor levels

14. NOZZLE CONE
MULTI
DIRECTION
LINEAR
SWIRL
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

15. PLANT ROOM SIDE WALL INLET
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

16. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM – CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
Consistent
temperature
Filtered air
ADVANTAGES

17. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM – CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
Higher
electricity
bills
Duct
Maintenance
DISADVANTAGES

18. VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
DEFINITION :
• A refrigeration system is a
system that operates by
undergoing refrigeration
process
• Can indicate the change of
thermodynamics properties of
the refrigerant and the energy
transfer between the refrigerant
and the surroundings.

19. 1. EVAPORATION :
• At this stage, the refrigerant is at a
lower temperature than its
surroundings hence it evaporates
and absorbs its latent heat of
vaporisation.
• Heat extraction from the refrigerant
occurs at low pressure and
temperature.
• The low pressure is maintained by
the compressor suction effect.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

20. 2. COMPRESSION :
• The gaseous refrigerant enters
the compressor at low pressure
and temperature.
• Here, the refrigerant is
compressed to a higher pressure
and temperature.
• The compressor can be of scroll,
screw, centrifugal or
reciprocating types.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

21. 3. CONDENSATION :
• The condenser is usually a heat
exchanger.
• The gaseous refrigerant is
condensed into liquid form
through de-superheating, then
condensed, and finally sub-
cooled, transferring its latent heat
of condensation to a coolant.
• As the refrigerant flows through
the condenser, it is in a constant
pressure.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

22. 4. THROTTLING & EXPANSION :
• The higher-pressure liquid
refrigerant expands and releases
pressure to the lower evaporating
pressure and is ready for
evaporation when it enters the
throttle valve.
• Hence, the temperature drops at
this stage. Usually the refrigerant
leaves the throttle valve as a liquid
vapour mixture.
VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

23. HVAC ZONING SYSTEM
Building divided into different
zones to allow different usage and
functions of a big space.
The management at Da Men Mall
zoned the building according to the
types of business such as :
Anchor | General Retail | Food &
Beverages | Beauty & Fashion

24. | Food & Beverage |
Mostly located at LG & G.
Why?
Because F&B zone requires better
ventilation so that the smell of the
food won’t circulate around the
entire building and causes the
customers to feel uncomfortable.
HVAC ZONING SYSTEM

25. DUCTWORK SYSTEM
Ductwork serves to channel conditioned
air to vents, takes return air back into the
system and transports exhaust air and
waste thermal energy to the exterior of a
building.
There are 2 types of Ductwork Systems at
Da Men Mall :
1. Concealed Ductwork System
2. Exposed Ductwork System
4th Floor
3rd Floor
2nd Floor
1st Floor
G
LG
B1
B2

26. 1. CONCEALED DUCTWORK SYSTEM
Concealed with suspended ceiling for
aesthetic purposes.
4th Floor
3rd Floor
2nd Floor
1st Floor
G
LG
B1
B2
DUCTWORK SYSTEM

27. 2. Exposed Ductwork System
Can be wrapped with external
wrapping called asbestos paper
wrap for thermal & sound insulation
purposes.
LG
B1
B2
DUCTWORK SYSTEM

28. 2. EXPOSED DUCTWORK SYSTEM
Ductwork systems at basement carpark
(B1 & B2) are not wrapped with insulation
as thermal & sound insulation is not a
concern.
4th Floor
3rd Floor
2nd Floor
1st Floor
G
LG
B1
B2
DUCTWORK SYSTEM

29. F I R E
P R O T E C T I O N
S Y S T E M

30. ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
• A set of systems which required an
amount of action or motion to work
efficiently and effectively in the event of
a fire.
• The actions may be manually handled
or automatic

31. FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
AIR SAMPLING SYSTEM
• This system samples air throughout the
protected space by aspiration and
brings it to the detector for testing.
• The advantage of the system is that
air throughout the space is sampled,
thus, in effect, converting each
sampling opening into a highly
sensitive laser-beam detector.

32. MANUAL STATIONS
MANUAL FIRE ALARM ACTIVATION
• Manual fire switch is placed along
paths of escape. They can be found in
exits doors and basement parking at
the building.
• The advantage of manual fire switch is
that they provide occupants with a
readily identifiable means to activate
the building fire alarm system.

33. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
Alarm Gong
• An alarm gong mounted on the outside of
the building warns of water flow through
the alarm valve upon activation of a
sprinkler head.
• This warning gives the building personnel an
opportunity to make additional fire-fighting
arrangements that can minimize loss and
speed the termination of the fire.

34. FIRE INTERCOM SYSTEM
FIRE INTERCOM
• Fire intercom system provides
reliable communication
between the Master Console
(Fire Command Centre) and the
remote Handset stations.
• The system consists of a remote
handset station and Master
control panel which is installed
at the Fire Control Room.

35. FIRE CONTROL PANEL
FIRE CONTROL PANEL
• A component which offers to control through
a fire alarm or notification system.
• The panel receives notifications for potential
operational issues with equipment that could
cause a fire and serve a function to alert the
employees inside the building if a potential fire
was detected or predicted.
• In Da Men Mall, each fire control panel is
connected with a manual fire key switch and
an alarm ring bell.

36. FIREMAN SWITCH
FIREMAN SWITCH
• Fireman switch is a specialized switch
disconnector or isolator.

37. EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM
EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM
• Da Men shopping mall consists of 2 ways fire
hydrants which each located beside a fire
hose box.
• All fire hydrants are situated at 9.45m from
building and spaced 29.3m apart along
access road.

38. FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Recycling pre-action system is
designed as a damage-limiting
installation.
• After sprinklers, have subdued a fire, a
heat detector responds to a lower
temperature and disengages the
water supply after a five-minute delay.
If the fire restarts and temperature
rises, the detector re-engages a
motorised valve on the water supply.
RECYCLING PRE-ACTION SYSTEM

39. HAND OPERATED FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
Multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers filled
primarily with ammonium phosphate and
suitable for use with all three classes of fire.
Carbon dioxide extinguisher contain carbon dioxide
in liquid form. It can prevent fire from reoccurring
effectively because of the lack of oxygen
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER CLASS A:B:C CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

40. HOSE REEL SYSTEM
HOSE REEL SYSTEM
• Hose reel is a first aid to firefighting, intended
for use by the building occupants.
• Each hose reel delivers considerable more
water than several portable extinguishers,
and with continued replenishment can be an
important fire resource capable of saving
lives and the building.
• Da Men Mall has installed the SRI Fire Hose
Reel system with nozzle box and they are
located along the fire escape path and
escape routes for easy access.

41. LOCATION OF HOSE REEL, FIRE EXTINGUISHER A:B:C AND
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHER

42. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
• Systems that
compartmentalize a building
with fire-resistance rated walls
and floors, keeping the fire
from spreading quickly and
providing time to escape for
occupants in the building.

43. FIRE RATED DOOR
Used for emergency exits or staircase are
door which has thicker protection than
normal door
Prevent fire from spreading
Slow down the fire by restricting the flow of
oxygen and prevent the fire from spreading
Can improve the flow of evacuation of users
and the safety of the fire fighters.

44. MEANS OF ESCAPE
Fire Emergency Staircase
Emergency Exit Sign
Emergency Escape Route
Assembly Point

45. FIRE RATED DOOR
• Single and double leaf fire rated doors
• Found in walls of corridors and room partitions
• Openable from the inside without any keys
• Door must be swing at the exit direction of the room, exit with ease, smoother and
safe escapes

46. MEANS OF ESCAPE
FIRE EMERGENCY STAIRCASE
• Emergency staircases to accommodate the
size of the mall and the number of users In case
of an event of a fire outbreak
• Each of the treads are more than 255mm and
each of the risers are less than 180mm
• There are 10 risers for each of the flight, more
than 16 risers per flight is not encouraged

47. PLACEMENT OF FIRE EMERGENCY STAIRCASE

48. • Use the shortest escape route if an event of
fire or any emergency
• Easily alerts users to escape out of the
building which will lead them to safety, that is
the assembly point
• The ‘KELUAR’ signage is required to be lit
permanently and must be visible to users at
all times
EMERGENCY EXIT SIGNS

49. • Direct users an easy route out of
the building to a safe outdoor
assembly point if a fire outbreak
occurs
• Allow users to escape through the
fastest and safest route in the
building
• In Damen Mall, the emergency
escape routes plans are placed
beside the elevators
EMERGENCY ESCAPE
ROUTES

50. EMERGENCY EXIT SIGN PLACED ALONG THE
EMERGENCY ESCAPE ROUTES

51. • Designated as the place for people to gather
in the event of an emergency
• Escape routes must be able to lead
occupants from the building to a safe open
assembly point
• In Damen Mall, the assembly point is located
outside the building at the ground floor near
the main entrance
ASSEMBLY POINT

52. VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

53. VERTICAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

54. ELEVATOR
• Type of vertical transportation
that moves people or goods
between floors, levels and
decks of a building, vessel, or
other structure.
• Can be classified into
Hydraulic or Electric
• Elevators are generally
powered by electric motors

55. DIRECTORY OF DA MEN MALL
• Number of Lifts : 2
• Number of escalator: 3
• Number of travelator: 1

56. PASSENGER LIFT CARGO LIFT
ELEVATOR

57. THYSSENKRUPP ELEVATOR
• Established in 1999
• One of the world's leading
elevator companies.
• ThyssenKrupp develops the
world’s first rope-free
elevator system to enable
the building industry face
the challenges of global
urbanization

58. ELECTRIC LIFT - GEARED TRACTION LIFT
COMPONENTS
1. Geared Machine
2. Governor
3. Hoisting Rope
4. Counterweight
5. Buffer

59. LANDING - LANDING DOOR
• Prevents objects
from entering the
path of the lift
while it is travelling.
It is made from
steel with either
applied skin finish.
• Use conventional
single speed
centre opening.

60. LANDING - LANDING FIXTURE
• The location of the elevator
is not too obvious solely
because Da Men Mall’s
main mechanical
transportation is the
escalator & travelator.
• It consists the basic
informations about each
floors details as well as
number of floors in the mall.
A well detailed floor plan for
each level is also displayed
at the top of the call button.

61. INTERIOR OF ELEVATOR
• Touch button of the lift
• LED display screen with
general specifications of
the lift
• Touch button for the
disable

62. ESCALATOR
• Vertical transport system, moving
staircase.
• Found in departmental stores,
airports, transit system and so on.
• Used to transport huge amount of
people

63. COMPONENTS OF AN ESCALATOR
1. Electric Control
2. Drive
3. Main Shaft
4. Handrail Drive
5. Balustrade
6. Main Truss
7. Steps
8. Steps Chains
9. Handrail Compensation
10. Chain Tensioning Drive
11. Comb Plates
12. Handrail Return

64. ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS
1. TOP & BOTTOM LANDING PLATFORMS
• Top platform contains motor
assembly & main drive gear
• Bottom platform holds the step return
idler sprockets

65. 2. TRUSS
• Hollow metal structure that
bridges the lower and upper
landings
• Two sides of sections joined
together with cross braces
• Attached to the top & bottom
landing platforms via steel or
concrete supports
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

66. 3. TRACKS
• Built into the truss to
guide the step chain
• 2 tracks (step-wheel
track & trailer-wheel
track)
• Makes an endless loop
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

67. 4. Steps
• Solid, one-piece, die-cast
aluminium
• Cleated with comb-like
protrusions that mesh with the
comb plates on the top and
bottom platforms.
• Linked by a continuous metal
chain
• Tracks control the orientation of
the steps.
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

68. 5. RAILING
• Convenient handhold for
passengers
• Consists of 4 sections (slider,
tension, inner layer & outer
layer)
• Constructed by feeding
rubber through a computer
controlled extrusion machine
ESCALATORS BASIC COMPONENTS

69. ARRANGEMENT OF ESCALATOR
TWO WAY TRAFFIC (PARALLEL)
• Used in department stores (Da Men)
• Requires more space compared to
others
• Suitable for buildings with heavy flow

70. ESCALATOR
ADVANTAGES
Can
transport
large
amount
of people
No
waiting
intervals
Save
human
energy
Can be
reversible
if heavy
traffic

71. ESCALATOR
DISADVANTAGES
When
there’s too
many
people,
waiting is still
possible
Possible of
injuries
when not
careful
Not
convenient
for
handicapped
people

72. E L E C T R I C A L G E N E R A T I O N
&
S U P P L Y S Y S T E M

73. ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM
How is electricity supplied to Damen?

74. TNB SUBSTATION
• Receives electrical power
generated from power
plant through the
distribution grid
• Convert, transform and
control
• Transferred to the high
voltage room for further
distribution.

75. HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM
TRANSFORMER
BUS BAR
HIGH TENSION SWITCHGEAR

76. HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM
TRANSFORMER
Distribution transformers - for lower
voltage distribution networks
More than one transformers are
used
Step down the voltage from 11kV
to 480V

77. HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM
BUS BARS
Metallic strip or bar with 1 inch wide
As a conductor to supply and
distribute electric power

78. HIGH VOLTAGE ROOM
HIGH TENSION SWITCHGEAR
To show the incoming voltage
from TNB substation
To ensure the incoming voltage is
stable
Provide protection against
overload current and short circuit

79. MAIN SWITCHBOARD ROOM
MAIN SWITCHBOARD
• A switchboard directly
supplied by the main
source of electrical power
and intended to distribute
electrical energy to the
unit’s services
• Made up of several electric
panels

80. SERVICE ENTRANCE
• A point where electricity enter a
building
• Metering equipment and
devices for overcurrent
protection and electrical control

81. DISTRIBUTION PANELS
• Aka consumer unit
• A smaller panel board compared to main switchboard
• Protected by circuit breaker

82. ELECTRICAL CONDUITS & TRUNKING
• Function to run electrical wiring in exposed locations and protect it from physical damage
• Provides continuous support to the cables
• Material - rigid metal

83. ELECTRICAL RISER ROOM
• Located at every floor
• Stacked up straight up from lowest floor to
highest floor
• To house the vertical cable ducts that
carry electricity supplies to the upper floors
of the buildings and to the plants and
machines at the rooftop
• To house the electrical panels that serve
the final circuit wiring at each floor

84. GEN-SET ROOM
• Located just beside the main
switchboard room
• Consist of generator-sets -
automatically run as backup source to
provide emergency power to the mall
when the utility supply has failed
• Diesel generator - convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy

85. LOCATION OF ELECTRICAL ROOMS

86. ELECTRICAL GENERATION & SUPPLY SYSTEM OF
DAMEN MALL

87. PROBLEMS & RECOMMENDATIONS

88. HVAC SYSTEM
PROBLEM 1:
Traditional ducted way for ventilation is
used at basement car park of Da Men
Mall.
• Air is removed through the ducts and if
the air supply is uncontrolled it causes
a poor air ventilation to occur.
• Ventilation system is still running during
extended period of low traffic which
results in high running costs.
• Ducted system does not provide fire or
smoke isolation capability.

89. RECOMMENDATION:
Replace the distribution ducting with a number of small ceiling-mounted impulse fans, Jet
Thrust fan.
• Helps to control the distribution of the air.
• Used to generate a flow of air at both high and
low levels
• Shares the same concept as the traditional
ducted systems which removes the air through
the fan inlet and discharging the air at a high
level towards the exhaust locations
• Controlled by a carbon monoxide sensor.
• Operated only when the pollution threshold is
met.
HVAC SYSTEM

90. RECOMMENDATION:
Replace the distribution ducting with a number of small ceiling-mounted impulse fans, Jet
Thrust fan.
Advantages:
• provide more parking space
• lowers the overall construction
costs
• enhances the environment of
the car park
• decreases the external noise
levels
HVAC SYSTEM

91. PROBLEM 2:
Cleanliness of ducting system in centralized air conditioning system in Da Men Mall.
HVAC SYSTEM
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Efficient air distribution will require frequent duct maintenance
• Responsibility of Da Men management team
• Professionally clean the ducting system at least twice a year.

92. PROBLEM 1:
Insufficient amount of fire extinguisher
In Da Men Mall, only fire host are present in the mall not portable fire extinguishers which is
more important when small fire are present they need not use a fire host instead.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

93. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
RECOMMEDATION:
• Provide more fire extinguishers at proper
location
• Essential equipment that must be installed in
every building for safety purposes incase of fire
• Most of the fire extinguishers in the fire service
room
• Located in place not be obstructed or
obscured from view
• Indicate signs of portable fire extinguishers are
located
• Fire extinguisher installed on the hangers or in
the brackets supplied, mounted in cabinets, or
set on shelves

94. PROBLEM 2:
There is no visible fire signal installed inside the mall. The
purpose of the visible fire signal is to alert hearing-
impaired people.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
RECOMMENDATION:
• Visible fire signal can be installed according to the
standard requirements.
• All of the standard require that the visible alarm be
a strobe light, where is usually is xenon flashtube.
• It should be flashing at less than 2Hz to minimize
problem for persons with photosensitive epilepsy.

95. C O N C L U S I O N

96. THANK YOU
ADELE LU KHAI SYN 0323151
EE HUI TENG 0322548
LEONG LI JING 0323628
LIM HONG WEI 0322741
LOH MUN TONG 0323680
SOO YON LI 0322821
TAM ZHAO WEI 0322587
VIVIAN CHIN KHA YEE 0331228
YEAP PHAY SHIAN 0322243
YEE JYH LIN 0322408