PPT ON 33/11 KV SUBSTATION

1. (Accredited With Naac “A”, Ugc 2(f) Recognized & Iso 9001::2015 Certified”, Approved By Aicte, New Delhi And
Affiliated To Jntua – Anantapuram) North Rajupalem Kodavaluru(v&m), Spsr Nellore
AN INTERNSHIPREPORT ON
POWER DISTRIBUTION AND MAINTANANCE
PRESENTED BY
R. RAJA SEKHAR
(21JN5A0211)
Under The Esteemed Guidance of
Mr. M. RAMU , M. Tech
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
Head Of The Department
Mr. K. GUNAVARDHAN , M. Tech (Ph.D)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD,
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SREE VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 ABSTRACT
 OVERVIEW OF 33/11KV SUB-STATION
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
 TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
 EQUIPMENTS PRESENT IN SUBSTATION
 EARTHING
 TYPES OF METERS
 POWER DISTRIBUTION
 CONCLUSIONS

3. INTRODUCTION
 Electrical power is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of Alternating current.
 In power stations, large spinning turbines generate electricity, powered by wind, coal, natural gas, or
water (hydropower).
 The electrical current is sent through transformers, which increase the voltage so the power can be
pushed over long distances.
 The electrical charge is then carried by transmission lines held up by large towers, which stretch
across huge distances.
 Finally, the electricity travels through wires inside the walls to the outlets and switches in your
house - ready to power your devices!

4. ABSTRACT
This gives an overview of 33/11kv substation. It includes electricity transmission and distribution
processes , current office works and technical works problems and rectifications at 33/11KV APSPDCL
Substation, DAMARAMADUGU
An assembly of apparatus which is installed to control transmission and distribution of electric power.
Different equipment's are used in substation, Bus-bar, surge arrestor, isolators, current and voltage
,distribution and power transformers, capacitor bank, fuse, bay, lightning arrestors, insulators,
earthing’s, circuit breakers etc.
If any kind of fault occurs we can easily know where the fault was there and why the fault was done.
By having a control system room of fault activation alarm system.

5. OVERVIEW OF 33/11KV SUB-STATION
• A 33/11kV substation is a critical part of the electrical distribution system.
• Its primary function is to transform high-voltage electricity for local use.
• Key components include transformers, switchgear, busbars, and control systems.
• These components ensure efficient power distribution and protection.
• Vital for reliable power supply to communities.
• Ensures safety through protective devices and protocols.
• 33/11kV substations play a crucial role in our electrical infrastructure, delivering
electricity safely and efficiently to our homes and industries.

6. DIFFERENTTYPES OF SUBSTATIONS
• Transmission substation
• Distribution substation
• Step-Up substation
• Step-Down substation
Distribution substation:
• A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the
distribution system of an area. The input for a distribution substation is
typically at least two transmission or sub transmission lines.

7. TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
 Distribution transformer
A distribution transformer provides the final voltage
transformation in the electric power distribution system,
stepping down or up the voltage used in the distribution lines
to the level used by the customer in their home, businesses,
and commercial buildings.
 POWER TRANSFORMER
o Power transformers are electrical instruments used in
transmitting electrical power from one circuit to another
without changing the frequency.
o They operate by the principle of electromagnetic induction.
They are used in transmitting electrical power between
generators and distribution primary circuits.

8. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 A current transformer is designed to maintain an accurate ratio
between the currents in its primary and secondary circuits over a
defined range.
 Current transformers, along with voltage or potential
transformers, are instrument transformers.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers
(PT), are a parallel-connected type of instrument transformer.
 They are designed to present a negligible load to the supply
being measured and have an accurate voltage ratio and phase
relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering.

9. EQUIPMENTS USED IN SUBSTATION
Circuit Breakers:
• Circuit breakers are used to interrupt the flow of electricity in a
circuit.
• They protect the electrical system from faults and overloads.
• Common types include oil circuit breakers, air circuit breakers,
and vacuum circuit breakers.
Relays and Protection Equipment:
• Relays are used for protection and control.
• They detect faults and abnormal conditions in the electrical system
and trigger circuit breakers or other protective devices.
Capacitor Banks:
• Capacitor banks are used for power factor correction and voltage
regulation in substations.

10. Control panels:
• Control panels house the equipment for monitoring and controlling the
substation.
• They may include relaying and control schemes, communication
equipment, and human-machine interface (HMI) devices.
Busbars:
• Busbars are conductors that connect various components in the substation,
such as transformers, circuit breakers, and switchgear.
• They distribute electrical power within the substation.
Types of insulator
4 Main Types of Insulator are:
• Pin insulator
• Post insulator
• Suspension insulator
• Shackle insulator

11. POST TYPE
SUSPENSION TYPE
SHACKLE TYPE
PIN TYPE

12. EARTHING
• Substation earthing is the process of connecting the electrical equipment in a substation to the ground.
• It involves creating a low-impedance path to the ground to protect the electrical system and personnel from the dangers
of electric shock, equipment damage, and electrical fires.
Earthing System Types
• There are two types of earthing systems used in substations:
• the solid earthing system
• resistance earthing system.
Resistance Earthing System
• In a resistance earthing system, a resistor is used to limit the current flow from the equipment to the ground.
• This type of system is used in high voltage substations where the fault current is high.
Solid Earthing System
• In a solid earthing system, the equipment is directly connected to the earth using a low-resistance conductor.
• This type of system is typically used in low voltage and medium voltage substations where the level of fault current is
low.
•

13. TYPES OF METERS AND PROCESS OF METER REPLACEMENT
•There are 2 types of meters :-
1-phase meter
3-phase meter

14. POWER DISTRIBUTION
• Power distribution refers to the process of delivering electrical power from a source, such
as a power plant or substation, to end-users, homes, businesses, and industrial facilities.
• It involves a complex network of infrastructure and equipment designed to transmit and
distribute electricity efficiently and safely.
• Here are some key aspects of power distribution:
Power Generation
Substations
Transmission Lines
Distribution Lines
Switchgear and Protection Systems
Consumer Connections
Safety Measures

15. CONCLUSION
This internship training has helped me to understand the process of
substation as well as about a few of electrical equipment .
Observed the importance of maintenance of transformer, and I have know
the basic issues faced from consumers and the rectifications solved in
current office section.
I got basic knowledge of that the circuit breakers and mainly the earthing
system is heart of the substation
In this internship training I was learning about what method are doing in
the substation with good efficient manner.

16. PHOTO GALLERY

17. Thank you