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B-scan ultrasonography produces a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of the eye and orbit. It is used to examine conditions where the media is hazy like corneal opacities or dense cataracts. It can also be used to evaluate lesions like tumors even when the media is clear. The B-scan involves a transducer that transmits sound pulses and receives echoes to create images. It can position probes longitudinally or transversely and evaluate both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Example images shown include vitreous opacities, retinal detachments, choroidal detachments, and more.
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Hello Everyone, Namaste!
We would like to notify you all that Mero Eye Foundation is going to conduct an "EYE TALKS-Webinar", we will be having our session.
Speaker Name: MR AMIT KUMAR SINGH
Topic: "A quick guide to Ophthalmic Ultrasound/ B-Scan interpretation"
DATE – MONDAY, 11th MAY 2020 @ 01.45PM IST, 02.00PM NPT (GTM +5.45)
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Hello Everyone, Namaste!
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Prism is a portion of a refractive medium with two plane surfaces inclined at an angle. It causes light to deviate due to refraction. Prisms are used in ophthalmology to diagnose and manage eye alignment issues like strabismus. Key diagnostic uses include measuring the angle of deviation using prism alternate cover test and investigating binocular single vision through tests like the prism reflex test and prism vergence testing. Prisms are also used therapeutically to correct angles of deviation in conditions like esotropia and exotropia.
Rgp lens
Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses are rigid plastic lenses that transmit oxygen. They have inherent rigidity like PMMA but are semi-soft due to oxygen permeability. RGP lenses provide clearer vision than soft lenses, are more durable, and less expensive. However, they require an adaptation period and have a higher risk of dislodging than soft lenses. Key design features of RGP lenses include the back surface design, thickness, edge configuration, and diameter, which affect lens fit, movement, comfort, and vision. RGP lenses are used to correct astigmatism and presbyopia and for conditions like keratoconus.
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The document provides information on evaluating cases of orthoptics. It discusses evaluating a patient's history, visual acuity, eye movements, sensory status, and degree of strabismus. The evaluation includes assessing visual acuity, refraction, eye alignment using various objective tests like cover tests, assessing binocularity using stereopsis tests, and determining the presence of suppression or abnormal retinal correspondence. The document outlines the various tests used to evaluate motor and sensory functions in patients with strabismus.
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Vitreous substitutes are used in retinal surgery to replace the vitreous humor and provide tamponade. Common substitutes discussed include gases like air and sulfur hexafluoride, liquids like balanced salt solution and perfluorocarbon liquids, and silicone oil. Each substitute has unique properties like buoyancy, surface tension, and refractive index that make them suitable for different surgical situations and indications. Potential complications are also discussed for each vitreous substitute.
Ocular Ultrasonography/ Ophthalmic Ultrasonography (Ocular USG/ Ophthalmic US...
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Ocular Ultrasonography (Ocular USG/ Ophthalmic USG), ophthalmic ultrasound/ ophthalmic ultrasonography/ ocular ultrasound/ Ultrasound of eye and orbit
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Introduction
History
Physics
Principles & instrumentation
Terminologies
Indications & contraindications
Methods - A-Scan - B-Scan
Interpretation
Definition
Ultrasound Waves are acoustic waves that have frequencies greater than 20 KHz
The human ear can respond to an audible frequency range, roughly 20 Hz - 20 kHz
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For Further Reading
Clinical Procedures in Optometry by J. D. Barlett, J. B. Eskridge & J. F. Amos
Ophthalmic Ultrasound: A Diagnostic Atlas by C. W. DiBernardo & E. F. Greenberg Internet
FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
This document provides information about fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), including how it works, the clinical use of fluorescent dyes like fluorescein and indocyanine green, the procedure for FFA, and how to interpret the results. FFA involves injecting a fluorescent dye intravenously and then taking photographs of the retina as the dye circulates through the blood vessels. This allows visualization of the retinal and choroidal vasculature and detection of any abnormalities. The document describes the optical principles, angiographic phases, abnormal findings seen on FFA like hyperfluorescence and hypofluorescence, and limitations of the technique.
Presentation1.pptx, ultrasound examination of the orbit.
Ultrasound examination of the orbit. The document provides information on:
1. Using ultrasound to examine the eye and identify normal anatomy and common pathologies.
2. Scanning techniques for assessing the anterior chamber, posterior chamber, and retro-ocular region.
3. Descriptions of common pathologies like vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, choroidal melanoma, and more and how they appear on ultrasound.
4. Images demonstrating ultrasound findings for various eye conditions.
Eye ultrasound
This document discusses the use of ultrasound in evaluating orbital pathologies. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound for orbital imaging. Key advantages include rapidity, accessibility, lack of radiation, ability to follow lesions over time, and lower cost compared to CT or MRI. Common orbital conditions seen in both children and adults are described, along with characteristic ultrasound findings for each condition. These include dermoid cysts, rhabdomyosarcoma, optic nerve glioma, thyroid ophthalmopathy, and others. Imaging features useful in diagnosis, such as lesion shape, borders, internal reflectivity, and Doppler flow, are emphasized. A variety of orbital masses, inflammatory conditions, and structural abnormalities are shown through ultrasound images.
ptosis ppt
1) Ptosis is an abnormally low position of the upper eyelid that can be congenital or acquired. Congenital ptosis is usually bilateral and hereditary, caused by defective development of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Acquired ptosis has several causes including neurogenic (e.g. third nerve palsy), myogenic (e.g. myasthenia gravis), aponeurotic, or mechanical factors like tumors.
2) Myasthenia gravis is tested for using edrophonium, which temporarily improves ptosis and diplopia. Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome is a rare form of congenital ptosis where the eyel
Orbital lymphangioma
A 37-year-old male presented with sudden onset proptosis in the right eye over the past 12 days. Imaging revealed a large macrolobulated intraconal/extraconal mass in the right retroorbital region, exhibiting fluid signal levels with acute/subacute stage hemorrhage and minimal post-contrast enhancement. Lymphangioma is a benign, probably congenital vascular tumor that slowly grows and may not become clinically apparent for months or years. The mass affects the orbit and can be associated with similar extraorbital lesions.
ptosis
This document discusses the classification and evaluation of ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid). Ptosis can be neurogenic, myogenic, aponeurotic, mechanical or pseudoptosis. Common causes include third nerve palsy, Horner syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and congenital conditions. Evaluation involves measuring the marginal reflex distance, levator function, and upper lid excursion. Treatment depends on the type and severity of ptosis, and may include procedures like levator resection or frontalis brow suspension.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN EYE AND ORBIT
This document provides an overview of ultrasound use for eye and orbit examination. It discusses the history, principles, instrumentation, techniques, indications, advantages, and types of scans (A-scan and B-scan) used. Key points include:
- Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to image ocular structures. It is non-invasive and avoids radiation.
- A-scans show echo amplitude over time as a line, while B-scans provide a cross-sectional image in shades of grey.
- Examination involves transverse, longitudinal, and axial scans using contact or immersion techniques.
- Ultrasound is useful for evaluating opaque media, tumors, detachments, injuries,
Importance of history in glaucoma
- A thorough history is important for glaucoma patients to avoid misdiagnosis and adverse effects of treatment. Taking a good history helps target those at risk and manage their care.
- Risk factors for glaucoma include increasing age, family history, myopia, previous eye surgery or trauma, diabetes, blood pressure issues, thyroid problems and certain medications.
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help control risk factors and slow progression of glaucoma once diagnosed. Educating at-risk family members enables early detection.
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Ocular Ultrasound: Techniques, Evidence, Pathology
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Presentation1.pptx, ultrasound examination of the orbit.
Presentation1.pptx, ultrasound examination of the orbit.
Similar to b scan of eye
Management of adult cataract II.ppt
This document discusses the pre-operative evaluation and management of adult cataract patients. It covers types of cataract surgery, including ICCE and ECCE. The pre-operative evaluation involves assessing general health, medical history, ocular history, visual function testing, and external and internal eye examination. Key areas of focus include evaluating for other ocular conditions, optimizing medical comorbidities, and determining the visual impact of the cataract to guide surgical planning and post-operative expectations.
Management of adult cataract II.ppt
This document discusses the pre-operative evaluation and management of adult cataract patients. It describes the types of cataract surgery as ICCE and ECCE. ECCE has replaced ICCE due to better equipment and IOL implants. A thorough pre-operative evaluation includes medical history, ocular examination, measurements of visual function, and potential acuity tests to determine the contribution of the cataract to visual loss. Special tests can evaluate macular and retinal function when the cataract obscures fundus view.
Management of adult cataract II.ppt
This document discusses the management of adult cataract, including types of cataract surgery, pre-operative evaluation, and measurements of visual function. It describes extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), and notes that ECCE has replaced ICCE due to improved technology. The pre-operative evaluation involves assessing general health, ocular history, medications, visual function tests, and external and internal eye examination. Measurements of visual function include visual acuity, brightness acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field testing.
Optical coherence-tomography-120421562843883-4
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses light to capture high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and anterior segment of the eye. OCT provides depth resolution on the scale of 10 microns, allowing it to visualize and measure individual layers of the retina. OCT can detect various retinal pathologies through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pre-retinal, overall retinal, foveal, and macular profiles. It is useful for diagnosing conditions like macular edema, retinal detachments, and glaucoma.
Optical Coherence Tomography - principle and uses in ophthalmology
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses light to capture high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and anterior segment of the eye. OCT provides depth resolution on the scale of 10 microns, allowing it to visualize detailed layers and structures within the retina. OCT can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the retina, detecting various pathological features and measuring retinal thickness. Anterior segment OCT also allows high-resolution imaging of the cornea, iris, angle, and anterior chamber.
Optical coherence-tomography-120421562843883-4
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses light to capture high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and anterior segment of the eye. OCT provides depth resolution on the scale of 10 microns, allowing it to visualize and measure individual layers of the retina. OCT can detect various retinal pathologies and abnormalities through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the pre-retinal, overall retinal, foveal, and macular profiles.
SCH
- 86 year old patient presented with headache and severe eye pain 9 days after complete blindness in one eye following ocular surgery
- Exam found corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber, and no view of fundus in the affected eye
- Ultrasound showed suprachoroidal hemorrhage, and the plan was for retina service to consult and revise the shunt and scleral graft with drainage of the hemorrhage.
3D Tomgraphic features in dome shaped macula by swept source OCT
This study used swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine the 3D tomographic features of dome-shaped maculas in highly myopic eyes. OCT imaging revealed that in all eyes, the retinal pigment epithelium within the posterior staphyloma had two outward concavities separated by a horizontal ridge. In most eyes the ridge was band-shaped. The study provides new insights into the topography and underlying pathomorphology of dome-shaped maculas.
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LASIK Surgery is Safe in the Long-Term
The document discusses the long-term safety of LASIK based on over 50 years of lamellar corneal surgery experience. While early studies in the 2000s showed limited long-term data, newer screening techniques like epithelial thickness mapping and advances in technology have improved safety outcomes. Keratomileusis procedures from the 1970s demonstrated ectasia risks can be minimized through accurate screening and limiting resection depth and diameter.
Dome shaped macula
This study used swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to examine the 3D tomographic features of dome-shaped maculas in highly myopic eyes. OCT imaging revealed that in all eyes, a horizontal ridge was formed within the posterior staphyloma by uneven thinning of the sclera, creating two outward concavities. In most eyes the ridge was band-shaped. The study provides new insights into the pathomorphology of dome-shaped maculas using 3D OCT imaging.
Dome shaped macula in High myopia - Swept-source Optical coherence tomograph...
1) The study used swept-source OCT to examine the 3D features of the dome-shaped macula (DSM) in highly myopic eyes over 2 years.
2) It found thinning of the sclera over time at the fovea and surrounding regions, with an average decline of 5-12 μm per year.
3) The height of the macular bulge increased on average by 20 μm over 2 years, suggesting dynamic changes in the posterior pole over time.
Anterior segment and Corneal OCT review
We can ultimately aim to obtain “optical biopsies” of cornea with the introduction of high resolution AS-OCT .
AS-OCT helps assess tissue anatomy and evaluate differences in cellular morphology and patterns to distinguish between divergent anterior segment conditions.
Ultrasound biomicrosopy in glaucoma
UBM provides high-resolution ultrasound images of ocular structures anterior to the pars plana. It was developed in the 1980s and can be used to evaluate glaucoma mechanisms and treatments. UBM allows quantification of anterior chamber angle structures and assessment of conditions like angle closure, open-angle glaucoma, and filtering surgeries. It provides useful information when the eye precludes examination by other methods due to opacity or anatomy.
13 influence of corneal volume
Purpose: To evaluate the corneal volume (CV) before and after Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation and its influence in clinical outcomes in keratoconus patients.
Ferrara ICRS in Mild Keratoconus
Analise da alterações Topográficas, Tomográficas e Visuais após o Implante do Anel de Ferrara em Casos iniciais.
Biometry procedure
Biometry uses ultrasound A-scans to measure the eye's dimensions, which are used to calculate the ideal intraocular lens power for cataract surgery. The A-scan procedure involves taking a patient history, preparing the patient, and using ultrasound to measure the axial length of the eye. Accurate measurements require using the proper gain and sound velocity settings for each patient's eye condition, and ensuring the probe is correctly positioned on the cornea pointing towards the macula. The immersion technique, where the probe is submerged in fluid coupled to the eye, provides more precise measurements than the contact technique.
oct-ujjval solanki
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses infrared light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina and anterior segment of the eye. OCT works by measuring the echo time and intensity of reflected light to create digital representations of tissue structures. There are two main types - time domain OCT and spectral domain OCT. OCT is useful for diagnosing and monitoring many eye conditions, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. It allows detailed visualization of the retina, optic nerve, macula, and anterior segment structures.
CRVO
This document discusses various treatment options for retinal vein occlusions (RVO), including central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). For CRVO, treatments discussed include panretinal photocoagulation, intravitreal triamcinolone, thrombolysis, and chorioretinal anastomosis. For BRVO, treatments discussed include macular grid photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and arteriovenous sheathotomy. Several studies on RVO treatments are summarized, including the Central Vein Occlusion Study, Branch Vein Occlusion Study, and SCORE studies on corticosteroid treatments. The optimal treatment depends on whether the RVO is
evaluationofproptosis.-160802124318.pptx
1) The document provides an algorithm for evaluating a case of proptosis (eyeball protrusion), beginning with taking a thorough history and performing ocular and systemic examinations.
2) Key measurements include assessing for asymmetry in proptosis between the two eyes and ruling out pseudoproptosis.
3) Differential diagnosis depends on acuity of onset and laterality, with infectious/inflammatory causes more common for acute unilateral proptosis and tumors more likely for chronic unilateral proptosis.
4) Imaging via CT or MRI is important to identify underlying causes and guide management.
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Optical Coherence Tomography - principle and uses in ophthalmology
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Myasthenia gravis is a neurological disease. It affects the grave muscles in our body. Myasthenia gravis affects how the nerves communicate with the muscles. Drooping eyelids and/or double vision are often the first noticeable sign. It is involving the muscles controlling the eyes movement, facial expression, chewing and swallowing. It also effects the muscles neck and lip movement and respiration.
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b scan of eye
- 1. B SCAN OF EYE B SCAN
- 2. WHAT IS B SCAN B-scan ultrasonography, or B-scan, is a diagnostic test used in optometry and ophthalmology to produce a two- dimensional, cross-sectional view of the eye and the orbit. It is otherwise called brightness scan
- 3. INDICATIONS FOR EXAMINATION IN WHICH MEDIA IS HAZY ● lid problems ● keratoprosthesis, ● corneal opacities (eg, scars, severe edema), ● hyphema, hypopyon, ● miosis, pupillary membranes, ● dense cataracts, ● vitreous opacities (eg, hemorrhage, inflammatory debris).
- 4. CONDITION IN WHICH IT IS CARRIED OUT DESPITE CLEAR VIEW iris or ciliary body lesions ruling out ciliary body detachments differentiating intraocular tumors, serous versus hemorrhagic choroidal detachments, rhegmatogenous versus exudative retinal detachments, disc drusen versus papilledema.
- 5. Ultrasound Principles and Physics
- 7. PROBE POSITIONING Transverse probe positions Transverse scan of a choroidal melanoma. This is a lateral slice through the lesion centered at the 5:00 position left eye, with 3 clock hours represented both above (2:00, 3:00, and 4:00 positions, respectively, from the top) and below (6:00, 7:00, and 8:00 positions) the lesion.
- 8. Longitudinal probe positions Longitudinal scan of the same choroidal melanoma. This is a radial slice through the lesion, with 1 clock hour (in this case, the 5:00 position) being represented from the optic nerve and posterior pole (at the bottom of the right side) outward to the anterior meridian
- 9. ANTERIOR SEGMENT EVALUATION . ● Immersion technique ● Waterbath technique Within the last five years, the development of high resolution (50-100 Mhz) Probes have increased our ability toevaluate the anterior chamber
- 10. Set of scleral shells for immersion/waterbath
- 11. ASTEROID HYALOSIS( FIG A. & B.) VITREOUS HAEMORRHAGE A B C
- 12. VITREOUS OPACITY
- 15. Clotted Vitreous Haemorrhage Layered Vitreous Haemorrhage
- 16. Comparison of PVD and Retinal Detachment
- 17. Vitreoschisis Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous
- 19. Total Retinal Detachment(open Funnel)
- 21. Retinopathy of prematurity (stage 5) With retinal detachment
- 22. Retinal pigment epithelium detachment
- 29. Coloboma
- 30. Subluxated IOL
- 31. SCLERITIS