erican cultures. Between A.D. 1345 and 1521, the Aztecs forged an empire over much of the central Mexican highlands. ... The Nahuatl speaking peoples began as poor hunter-gatherers in northern Mexico, in a place known to them as Aztlan.
This presentation talk about the Mayan Civilization.
The Mayan civilization was developed in the region of Mesoamerica, including the southwest of Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, and the west of El Salvador and Honduras.
A description of the Aztec Civilisation, suitable for Year 9 History students. It contains: the Aztec empire, etymology, government, central administration, Templo Mayor, Aztec culture, Spanish conquest, the tribute, mythology and religion, transport, human sacrifices, social classes, education, art, the capital city, the legacy.
The Maya people used a written language and a numeral system. They were good at art, building, and math. Their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars. The Maya civilization was biggest between the years of 420 AD and 900 AD.
erican cultures. Between A.D. 1345 and 1521, the Aztecs forged an empire over much of the central Mexican highlands. ... The Nahuatl speaking peoples began as poor hunter-gatherers in northern Mexico, in a place known to them as Aztlan.
This presentation talk about the Mayan Civilization.
The Mayan civilization was developed in the region of Mesoamerica, including the southwest of Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, and the west of El Salvador and Honduras.
A description of the Aztec Civilisation, suitable for Year 9 History students. It contains: the Aztec empire, etymology, government, central administration, Templo Mayor, Aztec culture, Spanish conquest, the tribute, mythology and religion, transport, human sacrifices, social classes, education, art, the capital city, the legacy.
The Maya people used a written language and a numeral system. They were good at art, building, and math. Their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars. The Maya civilization was biggest between the years of 420 AD and 900 AD.
History of Architecture 1
Report by: Ampil + Faustino
De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde
School of Design & Arts
Architecture Program
1st Term S.Y. 2016-17
December 2016
A brief overview of why the crusades started and some of the more important ones. It also looks at their influence and has some links to watch short videos.
I made this PPT to discuss how to be active in a democratic society. It focus on power and privilege, lack of acting, types of activism and acting against the law.
A quick powerpoint with youtube links looking at some lesser developed Conspircy Theories like:
Subliminal Messaging
Chemtrails
Electronic Banking
Lizard Elites
AIDS
A brief overview of what constitutes a politically significant event, what creates one's political perspective, how to deal with different political perspectives, and the differences between fact and opinion.
A look at the settlement of Jamestown and its hardships with a focus on the acts of cannibalism that have been brought to light recently. It has been adapted from another previous presentation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. ROOTS OF AZTEC CULTURE
Long before Mayan cities rose in the south, the
city of Teotihuacan emerged in the Valley of
Mexico
The Valley of Mexico is a huge oval basin ringed
by snowcapped volcanoes, located in the high
plateau of central Mexico
4. TEOTIHUACAN
The city of Teotihuacan was well planned, with
wide roads, massive temples, and large
apartment buildings
The Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the
Moon rose majestically towards the sky along the
main avenue
Citizens of Teotihuacan worshipped a powerful
nature goddess and rain god
Eventually Teotihuacan fell to invaders but its
culture influenced later peoples, especially the
Aztecs
6. ARRIVAL OF THE AZTECS
In the late 1200s, bands of nomadic peoples, the
ancestors of the Aztecs, migrated into the Valley
of Mexico from the north
According to Aztec legend, the gods had told
them to search for an eagle perched atop a cactus
holding a snake in its beak
The people found this sign on a swampy island in
Lake Texcoco
Once they settled, the Aztecs shifted from
hunting to farming
They slowly built the city of Tenochtitlan on the
site of present-day Mexico City
9. ARRIVAL OF THE AZTECS
As their population grew, the Aztecs found
ingenious ways to create more farmland
They built chinampas, artificial islands made of
earth piled on reed mats that were anchored to
the shallow lake bed
On these “floating gardens”, they raised corn,
beans, and squash
They gradually filled in parts of the lake and
created canals for transportation
Three wide stone causeways linked Tenochtitlan
to the mainland
13. CONQUERING AN EMPIRE
In the 1400s, the Aztecs greatly expanded their
territory
Through a combination of fierce conquests and
shrewd alliances, they spread their rule across
most of Mexico, from the Gulf of Mexico on the
east to the Pacific Ocean on the west
By 1500, the Aztec empire numbered an
estimated 30 million people
War brought immense wealth as well as power
Tribute, or payment from conquered peoples,
helped the Aztecs turn their capital into a
magnificent city
15. THE WORLD OF THE AZTECS
When the Spanish and Hernan Cortes reached
Tenochtitlan in 1519, they were awestruck at its
magnificence
From its temples and royal palaces to its zoos
and floating gardens, Tenochtitlan was a city of
wonders
16. WORLD OF THE AZTECS---GOVERNMENT
AND SOCIETY
Unlike the Mayan city-states, each of which had its
own king, the Aztecs had a single ruler
Aztec Social Pyramid:
Emperor
Nobles, Priests
Warriors
Commoners
Slaves
Long-distance traders ferried goods across the empire
and beyond
From the highlands, they took goods such as
weapons, tools, and rope to barter for tropical
products such as jaguar skins and cocoa beans
They also served as spies, finding new areas for trade
and conquest
17. WORLD OF THE AZTECS---RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS
Priests were very important to the Aztecs
They performed rituals needed to appease the
many Aztec gods
The chief god was Huitzilopochtli, the sun god
The Aztecs believed that Huitzilopochtli battled
the forces of darkness each night and was reborn
again each morning
To give the sun the strength to rise each day, the
Aztecs offered human sacrifices
19. WORLD OF THE AZTECS---RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS
Priests offered the hearts of tens of thousands of
victims to Huitzilopochtili and other Aztec gods
Most of the victims were prisoners of war, but
sometimes a noble family gave up one of its own
members to appease the gods
Other cultures such as the Olmecs and Mayas
had practiced human sacrifice, but not on the
massive scale of the Aztecs
21. TEMPLE OF BLOOD
Watch Discovery Channel’s ‘Aztec: Temple of
Blood
Learn about:
Aztec’s sacrifice rituals
Temples
Fighting techniques
How they fell
22. WORLD OF THE AZTECS---EDUCATION AND
LEARNING
Priests were the keepers of Aztec knowledge
Besides performing rituals, they also recorded
laws and events, and they also ran schools
Others used their skills in astronomy and
mathematics to produce a calendar
The Aztecs believed that illnesses were
punishments from the gods
Aztec physicians could set broken bones, treat
dental cavities, and also prescribed steam baths
as cures for ills
24. AZTEC ENTERTAINMENT
Aztecs also had a similar ball game to the
Mayans
They enjoyed games and gambling
Patolli: type of board game, which was played by
the common people as well as the nobles
The name comes from the word for small red beans,
which were used to play the game.
Sacrifices were made to the "dice" in hopes that the
gods would bring victory
Totoloque: another gambling game popular in
Mexico at the time
The object of the game was to hit a target with gold
pellets
Bernal Diaz, the Spanish historian, wrote that Cortés
and Moctezuma II played totoloque together
25. LET’S PLAY SOME PATOLLI!
Grab a game sheet and put it together
Grab some beans and make them dice
Get some game pieces and read over the rules
26. DOWNFALL OF THE AZTECS
Hernan Cortes was the Spanish conquistador
who took over the Aztec empire
The Aztec emperor, Montezuma, tried to appease
the Spanish by offering gold but by then
Spaniards could never be given enough to satisfy
their liking
After finally defeating the Aztecs, Cortes
destroyed Tenochtitlan and rebuilt the city as
Mexico City, the present-day capital of Mexico
34. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
We’ve looked at how various cultures were
destroyed by the Spanish but how did the finding
of the New World impact the Americas and
Eurasia?
Watch John Green’s take:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpf
M4&index=24&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
Do you think Columbus’ founding of the New
World has made the world less or more?