The Aztecs were a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people who originated as nomadic tribes called the Mexicas. According to prophecy, they traveled until finding an eagle on a cactus as a sign to build their city of Tenochtitlan, which later became Mexico City. Religion played a central role in Aztec society, with temples dedicated to gods and human sacrifice seen as necessary to please the gods and ensure prosperity. At its height, the Aztec Empire spanned Mesoamerica through military conquest but fell after the arrival of the Spanish in 1519 due to war, disease, and alliances with resentful conquered peoples.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. The Aztecs Artwork by: DraganPavlovic, Photo courtesy of: anthr.religion.nielsonpi.com
2. The Aztecs were a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. They called themselves Mexica. The people of the great Aztec empire began as nomads, the Mexicas. According to prophesy, they were to remain as outcasts as they traveled from Aztlan to the land promised by thieir god Huitzilopochtli. They would know where to start to build thier empire when they saw an eagle sitting atop a cactus eating a snake. Once they saw this, they began to build the city of Tenochtitlan, now Mexico City. It was there were the Mexica flourished and the great empire began. Photo Courtesy of: fullissue.com Artwork by: Vadorzoo
3. Aztec Religion In the Aztec society, religion played a major role. Hundreds of temples and religious structures were dedicated to the gods in Tetnochtitlan. Many of the gods and religious beliefs of the Aztecs were adopted from other Mesoamerican peoples, like the Toltecs, in particular. Their religious practice concentrated on complex public ceremonies aimed to communicate with the gods and win their favor. In these ceremonies, Aztec priests directed human sacrifice to a scale nowhere else seen in history. They believed human blood was a god’s proper nourishment . In 1494, it was claimed that as many as 20,000 hearts were torn out over a period of only four days. Photo Courtesy of: www.sbceo.k12.ca.us
4. 1452 Tenochtitlan destroyed by flood. 1452-4 Famine 1375 Acamapichtli becomes first ruler of Aztecs 1250 Aztecs settled near Lake Texcoco. 1428Aztecs joined forces with Texcoco & Tlacopan formed Triple Alliance. Atzcapotzalco conquered. 1100 Aztecs left homeland in search of new home 1350 Causeways built with canals. 1370Tenoch, Aztec Priest-Ruler, died. Aztecs ruled by Tepanecs 1440 Moctezuma started rule. 1195 Aztecs arrived in Valley of Mexico. 1400Tepanecs were defeated. Aztecs expand and rule whole valley. 1325 Tenochtitlan was founded. First temple built by Aztecs. Photo Courtesy of: 3.bp.blogspot.com Source: library.thinkquest.org
5. Photo courtesy of: news.softpedia.com 1519 Cortez comes to Mexico. Moctezuma II killed. 1486 Ahuizotu became ruler. 1487Great Temple at Tenochtitlan dedicated. Aztecs expanded southward into Mayan territories. 1458 Moctezuma sent armies to conquer lands 1521 Tenochtitlan destroyed 1502 Moctezuma II became ruler. Aztec Empire at height. 1469 Moctezuma I died. 1522Tenochtitlan rebuilt, named Mexico City. Declared capital of Spanish colony of New Spain 1520 Cuitlahuac elected ruler. 1487Great Temple at Tenochtitlan dedicated. Aztecs expanded southward into Mayan territories. library.thinkquest.org
6. Photo Courtesy of www.bookpalace.com Soon Tenochtitlan became on the largest cities in the world. With this the power of the Mexicas grew along with their millitary forces. The power they wielded, along with their millitaryprowes, the Aztecs began conquering people of the surrounding areas. The Aztecs were stong and organized, but they relied heavily upon fear to rule. In the year 1519, the Spanish arrived and a great clash of cultures arised. Even though there had been many problems present before the arival of the Europeans, this resulted in the final blow and with the help of war, disease and the help of the resented conquered tribes, one of the worlds greatest empires was virtually wiped out Bibliography The Ancient Aztecs, library.thinkquest.org The Aztecs Control Central Mexico, World History(textbook) Aztec Civilization, crystalinks.com
