The role of government in society, human nature debate and the various types of government that exists.

1. THE ROLE OF
GOVERNMENT AND WHY
IT EXISTS

2. Pondering Questions
 On a sheet of paper, answer the following questions:
1. Are humans naturally good or evil? Support your
decision with evidence.
2. Do you think we are the way we are because of how
we are genetically made or because of the
environment around us?
3. Why do you think having a government is essential
for society to function?
4. What is the relationship of the government and the
people? Who holds the power?
 When completed, discuss your answers with a
partner and be ready to share your answers with the
class.

3. The Social Contract
 Two philosophers epitomize each side of the
debate around human nature and their
relationship with Government.
 On a piece of paper, draw a T-Chart with
“Hobbes” on one side and “Locke” on the other.
Take notes on what each of the philosophers think
about Human Nature and the role of the
government in society.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oC8tiZ1Shg

4. Social Contract
 Hobbes: People need a strong government to
enforce laws and keep the peace.
People give up their rights to a dictator in order to be
protected
 Locke: people give up their freedom in order to
secure their life, liberty and property
People would vote for who would rule society and the
ruler would be accountable to the people
 Which of the philosophers do you think most
resembles your personal view of human nature?
Write down three supportive reasons why you think
that way

5. What is government?
 The people and institutions put in place to run or govern
a country, state, province or community.
 The role of government is to make decisions and
regulations (laws) for the people for whom it is
responsible.
 The purpose of government is to protect its citizens and
provide services to support them.

6. Role of Government
 To make sure:
everyone is treated equally, fairly, and with respect
we are safe from crime and violence
everyone is healthy and well educated
our country is prosperous with good jobs
our environment is healthy and resources are used
wisely
everyone has a say in who governs us
we have good roads, safe water, and garbage
collection
we take care of citizens who need our help

7. Role of Government
 Look at the previous list and determine:
Which two roles do you think are the most
important?
Which two roles do you think are the least
important?
 Discuss with a partner and prepare to share
with the class.

8. How do governments compare?
 There are different types governments around the world
and they can be compared in the following ways:
a) Who receives power
b) How they are formed
c) The rights and freedoms given to citizens

9. Autocratic Government
 A system of government run by a ruler with total power
and authority over all aspects of life.
 The ruler is called a dictator and often has the support of
the military without the consent of the people.
 Individual rights, freedoms and liberties are restrictive or
non-existent, and human rights abuses are common.
 High level of security and restricted media.
 Examples: North Korea, Syria, Kazakhstan.

10. Oligarchy
 A system of government where the power rests with a
few people.
 Power is determined by family or wealth.
 Citizens have some rights and freedoms.
 Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait.

11. Democratic Government
 A system of government in which power is retained by all
the people, either directly or indirectly through elected
representatives.
 Citizens have access to power and these countries have
free and fair elections.
 Generally free societies where citizens have guaranteed
rights and freedoms.
 Examples: Canada, United States, Japan, Germany.

12. Theocratic Government
 A system of government where a god or deity is
recognized as the supreme civil ruler.
 Government policy is determined by religious leaders
who are seen to be directly guided by a god or deity.
 Laws are interpreted by religious authorities, such as
bishops or mullahs, and are enforced by religious
officials.
 Examples: Iran, Vatican City.