The document summarizes the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic system uses norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and activates the "fight or flight" response. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine and activates the "rest and digest" response. Cholinergic drugs stimulate the parasympathetic system while anticholinergic drugs block parasympathetic effects.

1. Autonomic Nervous System Agents Ma. Tosca Cybil A. Torres, RN, MAN

3. Nervous system

7. Body Tissue/Organ Sympathetic Response Parasympathetic Response Eye Dilates pupils Constricts pupils Lungs Dilates bronchioles Constricts bronchioles and increase secretions Heart Increases heart rate Decreases heart rate Blood vessels Constricts Dilates GI Relaxes smooth muscles of GIT Increases peristalsis Bladder Relaxes bladder muscle Constricts bladder Uterus Relaxes uterine muscles Salivary gland Increases salivation

8. Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Sympathetic Stimulants Sympathomimetics ( adrenergics, adrenomimetics, or adrenergic agonists ) Parasympathetic Stimulants Direct-Acting Parasympathomimetics (cholinergics or cholinergic agonists) Action: Increase BP Increase PR Relax bronchioles Dilates pupils Relax uterine muscles Increase blood sugar Action: Decrease blood pressure Decrease pulse rate Constrict bronchioles Constrict pupils Increase urinary contraction Increase peristalsis Indirect-Acting Cholinesterase inhibitors (anticholinesterase) Action: Increase muscle tone Sympathetic Depressants Sympatholytics( adrenergic blockers, adrenolytics, or adrenergic antagonists ) Parasympathetic Depressants Parasympatholytics (anticholinergics, cholinergics antagonists, or antispasmodics) Action: Decrease PR Decrease BP Constrict Bronchioles Action: Increase PR Decrease mucous secretions Decrease GI motility Increase urinary retention Dilate pupils

9. Cholinergic Agents and Cholinergic Blocking Agents

10. Cholinergic Agents

14. Nicotinic receptor sites

15. Muscle contraction

40. Cholinergic Blocking Agents

66.  &  

67. Adrenergics

69. Effects of Adrenergics at Receptors Receptor Physiologic Responces Alpha 1 Increases force of heart contraction; vasoconstriction increases BP; mydriasis; salicary glands decrease secretions; bladder and prostate capsule increases contraction and ejaculation Alpha 2 Inhibits the release of norepinephrine; dilates blood vessels; produces hypotension; decreases GI motility and tone Beta 1 Increases heart rate and contraction; increases renin secretion----increase BP Beta 2 Dilates bronchioles; promotomes GI and uterine relaxation; promotes increase in blood sugar through glycogenolysis in the liver; increases blood flow in the skeletal muscles

86. Adrenergic Blockers