An automobile is a self-propelled vehicle used for transporting goods and passengers on the ground. Examples include mopeds, scooters, motorcycles, cars, jeeps, trucks, tractors, ships, aircrafts, and rockets. The history of automobiles began in 1801 with the steam carriage and progressed through important milestones like the first gas-powered automobile in 1885. Automobiles are classified based on their purpose, fuel used, and capacity. The main components of an automobile include the chassis, engine, brakes, steering system, and wheels. The chassis provides the main supporting structure and consists of the engine, brakes, steering, and wheels mounted on a frame.
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
The automobile can be considered to consist of five basic components : (a) The Engine or Power Plant : It is source of power. (b) The Frame and Chassis : It supports the engine, wheels, body, braking system, steering, etc. (c) The transmission which transmits power from the engine to the car wheels.
Introduction : Basic Feature of an Automobile
Car Body Details
Types of Vehicle
Body Engineering Terminology
Morphology of Vehicle Body ( Structural ) Design
Design Considerations
The automobile can be considered to consist of five basic components : (a) The Engine or Power Plant : It is source of power. (b) The Frame and Chassis : It supports the engine, wheels, body, braking system, steering, etc. (c) The transmission which transmits power from the engine to the car wheels.
simple chassis design considerations used for the purpose of presentations in colleges as well as in any industries. i also gives the classification of chassis.
Automotive Manufacturing Process OverviewTal Vagman
Hexagon a leader in manufacturing intelligence solutions explains briefly the automotive production process and key engineering and data challenges facing global producers.
simple chassis design considerations used for the purpose of presentations in colleges as well as in any industries. i also gives the classification of chassis.
Automotive Manufacturing Process OverviewTal Vagman
Hexagon a leader in manufacturing intelligence solutions explains briefly the automotive production process and key engineering and data challenges facing global producers.
Defining Automotive Technology by SouLSteerShobhit Gosain
Defining automotive technology from scratch. Must for any dealership owner or any sales man of a automobile dealership. Anyone related to automobile cars or industry this presentation is for you.
Live and Dead Axles, Constructional Details, Different Types of Loads acting on Drive Axles, Rear Axle Shaft Supporting Types: Semi Floating, Full Floating, Three Quarter Floating, Axle Housings and Types
Special Steering Columns, 4 wheel steering system, Electric Power
Steering, Anti–Lock Braking System, Traction Control Systems, Electronic Brake force Distribution
Systems, Corner Stability Control, Hill Assist, and Autonomous Braking System.
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Automobile and chassis
1. What is an ‘Automobile’??
A self propelled vehicle used for transportation of
goods & passengers on the ground is called an
Automobile.
Eg. Moped, Scooter, motorcycle, Car, jeep, truck,
tractor, ships, aircrafts, rocket etc.
History
• 1801 – Richard threvithrick – First Steam Carriage
• 1869 Captain Nicholas Cugnot build first
Automobile
• 1885 – Benz Motors in Germany developed first
propelled with IC Engine
• 1897 – Mr. Foster from Crompton greaves
borrowed first motor car in india
• 1901 Mr. Jamshed Ji TATA was the first
Indian to own a motor car.
Steam
Piston's Rear Wheel /
Axle
Front Wheel
Steam
Generator
2. Classification of vehicles
• Purpose
• Passenger Carriers – Car, Bus
• Goods Carriers - Trucks
• Fuel Used
• Petrol
• Diesel Gas
• Electric
• Steam – not in use
• Capacity
• HMV – Trucks, Buses
• LMV – Tempo, Jeeps
Construction
• Single unit
• Articulated – Eg. Trailers, Tractors
Drive
• Left hand
• Right Hand
Number of Wheels
• Two Wheeler
• Three Wheeler
• Four Wheeler
3.
4. Chassis
Main Supporting Structure of vehicle consist of almost all major parts
except automobile body.
• Chasis is a French term which denotes the whole vehicle except
body in case of heavy vehicles.
• Chassis consists of engine,brakes, steering system & wheel mounted
on the frame,differential,suspension.
• In case of light vehicles of mono construction it denotes the whole
body except additional fitting in the body.
Chassis
Vehicle body
5. PRINCIPAL FUNCTION:
To safety carry the maximum load.
• Holding all components together while driving.
• Accommodate twisting on even road surface.
• Endure shock loading.
• It must absorb engine & driveline torque
7. Conventional chassis:
• Engine is fitted in front of the driver cabin or
driver seat such as in cars.
• Chassis portion can not be utilized for carrying
passengers and goods
Semi-forward chasis
Half portion of the engine is in the driver
cabin & andremaining half is outside the
cabin such as in tata trucks • In this
arrangement a part of the chassis is utilized
for carrying extra passengers.
9. ENGINE AT FRONT:
• Conventionally the engines are fitted at front
& drive is given to the wheels from the “rear”
Advantage : • Enough space is available for
luggage behind the rear seat • The weight of
vehicles is well balance
• Increased efficiency of cooling system
Engine fitted at the centre of the chassis:
• Drive is given to the rear
• Consequently most mid-engine. Largest
drawback of mid-engine cars is restricted rear
passanger space.
• vehicles are two-seat vehicles.
• The engine in effect pushes the
• passenger compartment forward
• towards the front axle (if engine is
• behind driver).
10. Engine fitted at back :
Flat floor is available since long propeller shafts are
eliminated • With elimination of propeller shaft the
centre of gravity lowered giving stable driving •
Better adhesion onroad specially when climbing hill
11. FRAME :
• Frame is the main part of chassis on which remaining part of
chassis are mounted.
• Frame should be extremely rigid and strong so that it can
withstand shocks, twist, stresses and vibrations when vehicle is
moving on road.
