The document defines and describes vehicle frames. A frame is the underlying structure that supports the engine, cab, and body of a vehicle. It is typically made of steel with long side members connected by cross members. There are three main types of frames: conventional frames with separate side members and cross bars; integral frames where the body itself serves as the frame; and semi-integral frames which have a partial front frame that supports the engine. The frame functions to carry and distribute the weight of the vehicle while withstanding forces from braking, turning, and road conditions. Common frame materials include cast iron, steel alloys, and aluminum depending on the vehicle type and manufacturer.

2. Definition;
• Frame is a under carriage or
structure that supports the
engine and cab(body)of the
automobile.
• It is made up of long two
members called side members
riveted together with the help
of number of cross members.
Dig of Automobile chassis Frame
Front cross
member
X-Member
Side Member

3. Functions of chassis Frame
• To carry load of the passengers
or goods carried in the body.
• To support the load of the
body, engine, gear box etc.,
• To withstand the forces caused
due to the sudden braking or
acceleration
• To withstand the stresses
caused due to the bad road
condition.
• To withstand centrifugal force
while cornering
Chassis Frame of Jeep

4. Types of Automobile chassis frames
There are three types of frames:
1.Conventional frame:
It has two long side members and 5
to 6 cross members joined together
with the help of rivets and bolts.
Frame Sections used in this type of
frame;
a. Channel Section - Good resistance to
bending
b. Tabular Section - Good resistance to
Torsion
c. Box Section - Good resistance to both
bending and Torsion
Uses: In Buses ,Trucks , Vans etc
Cont……….
Conventional
Frame

5. 2.Integral type of frame
• There is no frame and all the
assembly units are attached to the
body
• All the functions of the frame
carried out by the body itself.
Uses; In all Modern Cars,
3.Semi-Integral Frame
• In some vehicles half frame is fixed
in the front end on which engine
gear box and front suspension is
mounted.
• It has the advantage when the
vehicle is met with accident the
front frame can be taken easily to
replace the damaged chassis frame.
Uses; Tractors , Fiat Cars

22. Material Details
Material selection of frame depends on:
 Type of Vehicle(Heavy , Light)
 Chassis Design (Engine Components location)
 Manufacturing Company
Recommended Materials:
 Cast Iron (for Heavy Vehicles)
 HSS ,Steel (Medium , Foreign Vehicles)
 Aluminum Alloys (Light Vehicles)