Robotryst Automobile engineering.....

1. AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
On
AN INTERNSHIP FROM ROBOSHAASTRA,
BHILAI In Association with
STUDENT’S DETAILS
Name of Student - AKHILESH RATHIYA
Semester/Branch – 5th Semester, Mechanical Engineering
University Roll No.- 3013714010 (B05)

2. INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILE
 It’s a hybrid term derived from two Greek word ‘autos’ means
‘self’ and ‘mobile’ means ‘moving’.
 Thus it was termed as ‘Self propelled motor vehicle’.
 In general it is termed as a four wheel motioned vehicle or a
‘car’.

3. CATEGORIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE
Automobiles are categorized on the basis of different factors.
These factors were:-
 According to shape & size of chassis.
 According to the power output of the vehicle.
 According to type of transmission.
 According to their purpose of use.
 According to the fuel type.
 According to the payload carrying capacity.

4.  A CHASSIS is the underpart of a motor
vehicle, consisting of the frame (on which
the body & other components like engine,
gearbox, differential, suspension is
mounted).
Chassis & Frame
TYPES OF CHASSIS
 LADDER FORMAT CHASSIS
 UNIBODY CHASSIS
 BACKBONE TUBE CHASSIS
 X-CHASSIS
 PLATFORM CHASSIS

5. AXLE
• An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear.
• On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels,
rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheel’s
rotating around the axle.
• Bearings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is
supported.
• It supports the weight of the vehicle
VARIOUS CONFIGURATION OF AXLE’S
• FRONT AXLE
• REAR AXLE
• STUB AXLE

6. FRONT AXLE
• DEAD FRONT AXLE
• LINE FRONT AXLE
DEAD FRONT AXLE
• Dead axles are those axles, which do not rotate.
LIVE FRONT AXLE
• Live axles are used to transmit power from gear box to
front wheels.

7. REAR AXLE
SEMI FLOATING AXLE
• A semi floating axle, the axle shaft both carries the weight and transmits torque
• .
FULL FLOATING AXLE
• The weight of the axle is supported by the axle housing-more specifically, a bearing
spindle attached to the axle housing, and a set of bearings in a separate wheel hub.
• .
THREE QUARTER FLOATING AXLE
• This type of axle is a combination of full and semi floating bearing
• .

8. STUB AXLE
• Stub axles are connected to the front axle by king
pins.
• front wheels are mounted on stub axles
arrangement for steering.
• King pin is fitted in the front axle beam eye and is
located and locked there by a taper cotter pin.

9. SUSPENTION AND SUSPENSION SYSTEM
All the parts which perform the function of lay up the automobile
from the road shocks & unwanted movement are collectively
called as the “SUSPENSION SYSTEM”
• The purpose of suspension is to give stability of the vehicle.
• To provide safety of travellers against shocks and vibrations.
• To provide minimum required ground clearance to the vehicle
VARIOUS TYPE OF SUSPENSION
• COIL SPRING
• LEAF SPRING
• TORSION BAR
• DAMPER & SHOCK ABSORBER
• ANTIROLL / STABLIZER

10. WHAT IS A TYRE ?
 A tire (American English) or tyre (British English) is a ring-shaped vehicle
component that covers the wheel's rim to protect it and enable better
vehicle performance. Most tires, such as those for automobiles and
bicycles, provide traction between the vehicle and the road while
providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock.
 The materials of modern pneumatic tires are synthetic rubber, natural
rubber, fabric and wire, along with carbon black and other chemical
compounds.
 As your vehicle’s only contact point with the road, the tyres you use
need to be appropriate for your vehicle’s size and weight, as well as the
surface on which they run.
CLASSIFICATION'S OF TYRE’S USED IN AUTOMOBILE
 RADIAL TYRE’S
 SLICKS / PRO SLICKS TYRES
 OFF ROAD TYRES

11. WHAT IS A BRAKING SYSTEM?
 The Braking System is the most critical system on your
vehicle. Its maintenance and proper functioning are vital to
you, your family and other motorists. You should not
attempt to effectuate maintenance or repair work on brake.
 Servicing or repairing the braking system requires specific
tools and adequate technical training.
TYPES OF BRAKES:-
 Drum brake
 Disc brake
 Abs(Anti-locking Brake system)
 Fluid Brake System.
 Electro-Magnetic Brake system.
 vacuum Brake

12. STEERING SYSTEM
 Steering is the collection of components, linkages, etc. which allow
a vessel (ship, boat) or vehicle (car, motorcycle, bicycle) to follow the desired
course
 The primary purpose of the steering system is to allow the driver to guide the
vehicle
 For effective control of the vehicle throughout its speed range with safety and
without much conscious effort on wide variety of road surface proving bumps
and bounces to the vehicle, proper steering is necessary.
TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
 Rack & Pinion steering system
 Power steering system
 Ackerman steering system

13. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• The mechanism that transmits the power developed by the engine of
automobile to the engine to the driving wheels is called the
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• Provide means to transfer power in opposite direction.
• Transmission system in a car helps to transmit mechanical
• power from the car engine to give kinetic energy to the wheels.
• A transmission or gearbox provides speed and torque conversions from
a rotating power source to another device using gear ratios .
TYPE OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

14. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSMISSION SYSTEM :-
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• CLUTCH
• GEAR BOX
• PROPELLER SHAFT
• UNIVERSAL JOINTS
• FINAL DRIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL
• REAR AXLE
Gear
box

15. CLUTCH
• A clutch is a mechanical device that
engages and disengages the
power transmission, especially
from driving shaft to driven shaft.
• Clutch is located between engine and
gear box. When the clutch is engaged,
the power flows from the engine to the
rear wheels through the transmission
system and the vehicle moves . when the
clutch is disengaged ,the power is not
transmitted to the rear wheels and the
vehicle stops, while the engine is still
running
• Clutch is disengaged when
 Starting the engine,
 Shifting the gears,
 Idling the engine

16. ENGINE
 An engine is a machine designed to convert one form
of energy into mechanical energy.
 There are two types of engines:-
 Internal Combustion Engine.
 External Combustion Engine.
 In automobile we use Internal combustion engine.

17. WHAT IS AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
 The internal combustion engine is an
engine in which the combustion of a
fuel (generally, fossil fuel) occurs with an
oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
chamber.

18.  There are 2 types of ic
engines.
 2 stroke ic engine.
 4 stroke ic engine.
HOW IC ENGINE WORKS & ITS TYPES:-

19. ENGINE COMPONENTS
Valve
Spark Plug
Cylinder Block
Piston
Connecting Rod
Crank Shaft
}Head
}Cylinder
Block
}Crank
Case

20. INTAKE MANIFOLD
• The purpose of the intake manifold,
or inlet manifold, is to evenly
distribute the air-fuel mixture to the
cylinders as well as to the carburetor
on a non-fuel-injected engine.
• An intake manifold is the opposite of
an exhaust manifold, which collects
gases from the cylinders

21. GEAR BOX AND GEAR SHIFTING MECHANISM
 An automobile requires high torque when
climbing hills and when starting, even though
they are performed at low speeds.
 when running at high speeds on level roads,
high torque is not required because of
momentum. So requirement of a device is
occur, which can change the vehicle’s torque
and its speed according to road condition or
when the driver need. This device is known as
transmission box.
 The transmission box which is also known as
the gear box is the second element of the
power train in an automobile. It is used to
change the speed and torque of vehicle
according to variety of road and load
condition.

22. FUNCTION OF GEAR BOX IN AUTOMOBILE -
 Provide the torque needed to move the
vehicle under a variety of road and load
conditions. It does this by changing the
gear ratio between the engine
crankshaft and vehicle drive wheels.
 Be shifted into reverse so the vehicle can
move backward.
 Be shifted into neutral for starting the
engine. -

23. CARBURETTOR
 A carburettor is the device inside an internal
combustion engine that provides the area for
air and gasoline to mix together
 The goal of a carburettor is to mix just the
right amount of gasoline with air so that the
engine runs properly.
 If there is not enough fuel mixed with the air,
the engine "runs lean" and either will not run
or potentially damages the engine.