Neural networks for mine ventilation control systemsAleksey Kashnikov
The document proposes using machine learning techniques to improve control of mine ventilation systems. Specifically, it suggests using neural networks to define the functional dependencies between regulator positions and required airflow values over time. This would account for changes in the ventilation network and reduce issues like hunting. The researchers trained networks on historical data to predict regulator angles from required airflow. Adding a temporal parameter reflecting previous system states improved long-term predictions. The proposed control algorithm aims to efficiently and safely meet airflow requirements using the neural network models.
This document discusses different types of fans used in mine ventilation. It describes centrifugal fans and axial flow fans, which are classified based on their location as main fans, auxiliary fans, or booster fans. Booster fans are large underground fans installed in series with main fans to boost air pressure. The document also discusses the components, operation, and blade types of centrifugal and axial fans. Maintaining reliable and energy efficient ventilation fans is important due to the high operating costs of powering them.
Maintenance of Fans, Blowers and FluidizersDanial Sohail
This technical presentation summarizes different types of fans used in mechanical engineering. It was presented by Danial Sohail, Osaid Haq, Daniyal Iqbal, and Owais Ali. The presentation describes the key types of fans like propeller, axial, forward curved blade, and backward curved blade fans. It also discusses critical parameters that affect fan performance like brake horsepower, capacity, efficiency and pressure. The optimal working conditions and proper installation of fans is emphasized. Common causes of failures in fans and blowers are also outlined.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting a mine ventilation system, including both major and minor features. Major features that should be included are utilizing haulage openings as intake, using all available openings to transmit air, minimizing air travel distance, maintaining a balance of resistance between main intake and return airways, avoiding leakage and recirculation, circulating air from active to cave zones, splitting air as needed close to the fan, and using a central shaft as intake and peripheral shafts as exhaust. Minor features involve the concentration of working places, position of active workings, ground conditions, position of sealed areas, condition of abandoned workings, and precooling requirements. The type of ventilation system depends on the mining method and characteristics of the mineral
TYPES OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS IN MINES - CENTRAL BOUNDARY U W ZANIL KUMAR KUDIRE
The document discusses five main types of mine ventilation systems: boundary, central, U, W, and Z. The boundary system has intake and return shafts located at the mine boundaries and allows unidirectional air flow. It requires minimal ventilation controls and has high efficiency. The central system has intake and return shafts located centrally and uses parallel airways separated by stoppings, allowing opposite air flows. It allows quicker development but has lower efficiency due to leakage. The U, W, and Z systems refer to specific configurations used for longwall mining where intake and return airways are arranged around the advancing longwall face.
The document discusses different types of ventilation systems used in mines: boundary, central, and combined. The boundary system uses unidirectional airflow from intake to return shafts located at the mine boundaries, requiring minimal ventilation control. It is most efficient but limited by mine size. The central system uses bidirectional airflow in parallel roadways separated by stoppings, allowing ventilation of larger areas but with greater airflow leakage.
This document summarizes the design and construction of an axial flow fan testing rig. It includes sections on the introduction to axial fans and their components, literature review on previous fan studies, the three stage design process for the testing rig, experiments conducted with different fan positions and tip clearances, results and discussion of flow rates and efficiencies at various RPMs, and recommendations for future improvements. The overall goal was to design and build a rig to experimentally test the performance of axial fans under different operating conditions.
Ppt on manufacturing of ceiling fans byhavells haridwarShivPrasadyadav1
The detailed process of manufacturing Ceiling fans at Havells Haridwar .
All the process involved in the manufacturing with clear insight of the working view of the work
Neural networks for mine ventilation control systemsAleksey Kashnikov
The document proposes using machine learning techniques to improve control of mine ventilation systems. Specifically, it suggests using neural networks to define the functional dependencies between regulator positions and required airflow values over time. This would account for changes in the ventilation network and reduce issues like hunting. The researchers trained networks on historical data to predict regulator angles from required airflow. Adding a temporal parameter reflecting previous system states improved long-term predictions. The proposed control algorithm aims to efficiently and safely meet airflow requirements using the neural network models.
This document discusses different types of fans used in mine ventilation. It describes centrifugal fans and axial flow fans, which are classified based on their location as main fans, auxiliary fans, or booster fans. Booster fans are large underground fans installed in series with main fans to boost air pressure. The document also discusses the components, operation, and blade types of centrifugal and axial fans. Maintaining reliable and energy efficient ventilation fans is important due to the high operating costs of powering them.
Maintenance of Fans, Blowers and FluidizersDanial Sohail
This technical presentation summarizes different types of fans used in mechanical engineering. It was presented by Danial Sohail, Osaid Haq, Daniyal Iqbal, and Owais Ali. The presentation describes the key types of fans like propeller, axial, forward curved blade, and backward curved blade fans. It also discusses critical parameters that affect fan performance like brake horsepower, capacity, efficiency and pressure. The optimal working conditions and proper installation of fans is emphasized. Common causes of failures in fans and blowers are also outlined.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting a mine ventilation system, including both major and minor features. Major features that should be included are utilizing haulage openings as intake, using all available openings to transmit air, minimizing air travel distance, maintaining a balance of resistance between main intake and return airways, avoiding leakage and recirculation, circulating air from active to cave zones, splitting air as needed close to the fan, and using a central shaft as intake and peripheral shafts as exhaust. Minor features involve the concentration of working places, position of active workings, ground conditions, position of sealed areas, condition of abandoned workings, and precooling requirements. The type of ventilation system depends on the mining method and characteristics of the mineral
TYPES OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS IN MINES - CENTRAL BOUNDARY U W ZANIL KUMAR KUDIRE
The document discusses five main types of mine ventilation systems: boundary, central, U, W, and Z. The boundary system has intake and return shafts located at the mine boundaries and allows unidirectional air flow. It requires minimal ventilation controls and has high efficiency. The central system has intake and return shafts located centrally and uses parallel airways separated by stoppings, allowing opposite air flows. It allows quicker development but has lower efficiency due to leakage. The U, W, and Z systems refer to specific configurations used for longwall mining where intake and return airways are arranged around the advancing longwall face.
The document discusses different types of ventilation systems used in mines: boundary, central, and combined. The boundary system uses unidirectional airflow from intake to return shafts located at the mine boundaries, requiring minimal ventilation control. It is most efficient but limited by mine size. The central system uses bidirectional airflow in parallel roadways separated by stoppings, allowing ventilation of larger areas but with greater airflow leakage.
This document summarizes the design and construction of an axial flow fan testing rig. It includes sections on the introduction to axial fans and their components, literature review on previous fan studies, the three stage design process for the testing rig, experiments conducted with different fan positions and tip clearances, results and discussion of flow rates and efficiencies at various RPMs, and recommendations for future improvements. The overall goal was to design and build a rig to experimentally test the performance of axial fans under different operating conditions.
Ppt on manufacturing of ceiling fans byhavells haridwarShivPrasadyadav1
The detailed process of manufacturing Ceiling fans at Havells Haridwar .
All the process involved in the manufacturing with clear insight of the working view of the work
The document presents a presentation on a boot-strap air cooling system by Ajeet Kumar Saini. It discusses the basic concepts of refrigeration, simple air cooling systems, and boot-strap air cooling systems. The boot-strap system uses two compressors and two heat exchangers to raise the pressure and cool air that is then expanded through a turbine to provide cabin cooling. Diagrams of the system and calculations of required air mass and power are included. Advantages are that air is freely available and disadvantages are that ram air is needed for heat exchange, limiting its use to aircraft in flight.
A brief explanation of the training received during my industrial training in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. It was a lot but I tried to show the main portion of the HVAC system used in DMRC underground railway stations. Everyone was eager to help there. If you want to have some real experience of training then you should definitely join DMRC.
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor, and MoreJess Peters
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor: Axial flow compressor and Centrifugal flow compressor.
After Burners
Air distribution in the Combustion Chamber.
Reverse Thrust
The document describes the various systems in an underground metro station divided into north and south sides. The north side has electrical, environmental control, sewage, seepage, and tunnel ventilation systems while the south side has corresponding systems. Additionally, the adjacent Ansalary building has water cooling, air cooling, generator, and fire fighting systems. The document provides details on the electrical systems, sewage system, seepage system, tunnel ventilation system, and environmental control system in the underground metro station.
The document discusses the bootstrap air cycle refrigeration system. It consists of a primary heat exchanger, secondary heat exchanger, and cooling turbine. Ram air is used to cool the heat exchangers. High pressure air is compressed, cooled in the primary heat exchanger, compressed further, and has more heat removed in the secondary heat exchanger before expanding through the turbine to provide cabin cooling. The bootstrap system uses two compressors to raise the air pressure in two stages for use on aircraft to provide cooling while in flight when ram air is available to aid heat removal.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on root blowers. It defines an air compressor as a device that takes in gas or vapor, increases its pressure, and delivers it at high pressure. It notes that a blower is one type of air compressor. The document then focuses on root blowers, describing their working mechanism where lobes trap air and increase its pressure before delivery. It includes videos demonstrating two-lobe and three-lobe root blowers. The document outlines advantages of root blowers like quick attainment of full revolutions and lower partial-load power demand. It also lists some applications for root blowers such as in drying, paper industry processes, and dust collection systems.
Industrial gas turbine (air cooling & sealing sys) 5thNguyen Phuong Dong
The document discusses the cooling and sealing air systems of industrial gas turbine engines. It describes the purpose of cooling air systems as ensuring parts do not absorb heat from the gas stream and controlling engine temperatures. Cooling air flows around components like the combustor, turbine, and accessories. Turbine blades have intricate internal cooling designs to withstand high temperatures. Sealing air systems use methods like labyrinth seals to prevent oil leakage and control airflows around the turbine disc. The document outlines the components and operation of cooling and sealing air systems, with the goal of demonstrating knowledge of these important gas turbine systems.
Preparing for EASA Mod.15 Gas turbine engines . Then avoid reading lengthy books here are my personal short notes and explanations and important topics for Mod.15
GAS TURBINE ENGINES PART 2 - PERFORMANCENisarg Mistry
Preparing for EASA Mod.15 Gas turbine engines . Then avoid reading lengthy books here are my personal short notes and explanations and important topics for Mod.15
Different types of industrial blowers and its applicationsTrimech India
Industrial blowers can be specified by blower type, flow capacity, dimensions, maximum operating pressure, port design and electrical ratings. Following are two basic types of industrial bowers and its briefing.
1. The document discusses industrial fans and draft systems for combustion. It describes natural draft produced by chimneys and mechanical draft produced using fans.
2. The main types of mechanical draft systems are induced draft, forced draft, and balanced draft. Induced draft uses a fan to draw exhaust gases into the chimney. Forced draft uses a fan to push air into the furnace.
3. The document provides details on fan construction, types of fans including axial and centrifugal, installation procedures, and maintenance best practices like lubrication and vibration checking.
GAS TURBINE ENGINES CONSTRUCTION PART 1 - INLETNisarg Mistry
Preparing for EASA Mod.15 Gas turbine engines . Then avoid reading lengthy books here are my personal short notes and explanations and important topics for Mod.15 .
Sullair screw air compressor as 04 - 110kWAlexander Chan
Sullair is a manufacturer of compressed air systems that aims to lower operating costs and maximize return on investment for customers. They offer complete compressed air solutions to help users reduce costs and improve productivity. Sullair distributors can provide information and help satisfy special requirements for compressed air systems. Sullair's product line includes screw compressors from 4-110kW that are designed for reliability, efficiency and performance to meet customer needs.
An engineering overview on industrial fans and blowers. it contains types and applications of different types. and it provide the most common ways we use to control the flow rate and power. this slides contain also an excellent images to illustrate the case and the type .
This document provides an overview of a training session on fans and blowers for energy efficiency. It discusses the key components of fans, how to assess fan performance and efficiency, and identifies various opportunities to improve energy efficiency, such as choosing the right fan size, reducing system resistance, maintaining fans properly, and controlling air flow through methods like variable speed drives.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document provides an overview of a training session on fans and blowers for energy efficiency. It discusses the different types of fans and blowers, how to assess their performance and efficiency, and identifies various opportunities to improve energy efficiency, such as choosing the right fan for the application, reducing system resistance, operating fans close to their best efficiency point, regular maintenance, and controlling air flow. The training covers centrifugal and axial fans, centrifugal and positive displacement blowers, and recommendations for improving fan system efficiency through proper selection, installation, operation and maintenance practices.
This presentation summarizes information about blowers and fans. It defines fans and blowers, describes common types like axial and centrifugal fans. It covers topics like fan components, system resistance, fan curves, and operating points. Metrics for comparing fan performance like peak efficiency and pressure rise are defined. Strategies for improving energy efficiency are outlined, including selecting the right fan size, reducing system resistance, and operating near the best efficiency point. The importance of regular maintenance is also emphasized.
The document presents a presentation on a boot-strap air cooling system by Ajeet Kumar Saini. It discusses the basic concepts of refrigeration, simple air cooling systems, and boot-strap air cooling systems. The boot-strap system uses two compressors and two heat exchangers to raise the pressure and cool air that is then expanded through a turbine to provide cabin cooling. Diagrams of the system and calculations of required air mass and power are included. Advantages are that air is freely available and disadvantages are that ram air is needed for heat exchange, limiting its use to aircraft in flight.
A brief explanation of the training received during my industrial training in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. It was a lot but I tried to show the main portion of the HVAC system used in DMRC underground railway stations. Everyone was eager to help there. If you want to have some real experience of training then you should definitely join DMRC.
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor, and MoreJess Peters
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor: Axial flow compressor and Centrifugal flow compressor.
After Burners
Air distribution in the Combustion Chamber.
Reverse Thrust
The document describes the various systems in an underground metro station divided into north and south sides. The north side has electrical, environmental control, sewage, seepage, and tunnel ventilation systems while the south side has corresponding systems. Additionally, the adjacent Ansalary building has water cooling, air cooling, generator, and fire fighting systems. The document provides details on the electrical systems, sewage system, seepage system, tunnel ventilation system, and environmental control system in the underground metro station.
The document discusses the bootstrap air cycle refrigeration system. It consists of a primary heat exchanger, secondary heat exchanger, and cooling turbine. Ram air is used to cool the heat exchangers. High pressure air is compressed, cooled in the primary heat exchanger, compressed further, and has more heat removed in the secondary heat exchanger before expanding through the turbine to provide cabin cooling. The bootstrap system uses two compressors to raise the air pressure in two stages for use on aircraft to provide cooling while in flight when ram air is available to aid heat removal.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on root blowers. It defines an air compressor as a device that takes in gas or vapor, increases its pressure, and delivers it at high pressure. It notes that a blower is one type of air compressor. The document then focuses on root blowers, describing their working mechanism where lobes trap air and increase its pressure before delivery. It includes videos demonstrating two-lobe and three-lobe root blowers. The document outlines advantages of root blowers like quick attainment of full revolutions and lower partial-load power demand. It also lists some applications for root blowers such as in drying, paper industry processes, and dust collection systems.
Industrial gas turbine (air cooling & sealing sys) 5thNguyen Phuong Dong
The document discusses the cooling and sealing air systems of industrial gas turbine engines. It describes the purpose of cooling air systems as ensuring parts do not absorb heat from the gas stream and controlling engine temperatures. Cooling air flows around components like the combustor, turbine, and accessories. Turbine blades have intricate internal cooling designs to withstand high temperatures. Sealing air systems use methods like labyrinth seals to prevent oil leakage and control airflows around the turbine disc. The document outlines the components and operation of cooling and sealing air systems, with the goal of demonstrating knowledge of these important gas turbine systems.
Preparing for EASA Mod.15 Gas turbine engines . Then avoid reading lengthy books here are my personal short notes and explanations and important topics for Mod.15
GAS TURBINE ENGINES PART 2 - PERFORMANCENisarg Mistry
Preparing for EASA Mod.15 Gas turbine engines . Then avoid reading lengthy books here are my personal short notes and explanations and important topics for Mod.15
Different types of industrial blowers and its applicationsTrimech India
Industrial blowers can be specified by blower type, flow capacity, dimensions, maximum operating pressure, port design and electrical ratings. Following are two basic types of industrial bowers and its briefing.
1. The document discusses industrial fans and draft systems for combustion. It describes natural draft produced by chimneys and mechanical draft produced using fans.
2. The main types of mechanical draft systems are induced draft, forced draft, and balanced draft. Induced draft uses a fan to draw exhaust gases into the chimney. Forced draft uses a fan to push air into the furnace.
3. The document provides details on fan construction, types of fans including axial and centrifugal, installation procedures, and maintenance best practices like lubrication and vibration checking.
GAS TURBINE ENGINES CONSTRUCTION PART 1 - INLETNisarg Mistry
Preparing for EASA Mod.15 Gas turbine engines . Then avoid reading lengthy books here are my personal short notes and explanations and important topics for Mod.15 .
Sullair screw air compressor as 04 - 110kWAlexander Chan
Sullair is a manufacturer of compressed air systems that aims to lower operating costs and maximize return on investment for customers. They offer complete compressed air solutions to help users reduce costs and improve productivity. Sullair distributors can provide information and help satisfy special requirements for compressed air systems. Sullair's product line includes screw compressors from 4-110kW that are designed for reliability, efficiency and performance to meet customer needs.
An engineering overview on industrial fans and blowers. it contains types and applications of different types. and it provide the most common ways we use to control the flow rate and power. this slides contain also an excellent images to illustrate the case and the type .
This document provides an overview of a training session on fans and blowers for energy efficiency. It discusses the key components of fans, how to assess fan performance and efficiency, and identifies various opportunities to improve energy efficiency, such as choosing the right fan size, reducing system resistance, maintaining fans properly, and controlling air flow through methods like variable speed drives.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document provides an overview of a training session on fans and blowers for energy efficiency. It discusses the different types of fans and blowers, how to assess their performance and efficiency, and identifies various opportunities to improve energy efficiency, such as choosing the right fan for the application, reducing system resistance, operating fans close to their best efficiency point, regular maintenance, and controlling air flow. The training covers centrifugal and axial fans, centrifugal and positive displacement blowers, and recommendations for improving fan system efficiency through proper selection, installation, operation and maintenance practices.
This presentation summarizes information about blowers and fans. It defines fans and blowers, describes common types like axial and centrifugal fans. It covers topics like fan components, system resistance, fan curves, and operating points. Metrics for comparing fan performance like peak efficiency and pressure rise are defined. Strategies for improving energy efficiency are outlined, including selecting the right fan size, reducing system resistance, and operating near the best efficiency point. The importance of regular maintenance is also emphasized.
REVIEW OF DEEP CENTRAL VENTILATION SYSTEMALLEN DIOCLES
This document is a project report on reviewing and improving underground ventilation conditions at 3,800 meters reduced level of the Bulyanhulu Gold Mine in Tanzania. The report describes the mine's deep central ventilation system and various mining activities like drilling, blasting, mucking, and shaft operations. It also notes issues with ventilating one area of the mine and the need to ensure sufficient air supply and dust suppression. The report aims to analyze air flow and recommend ways to properly ventilate the mine bottom area for worker safety.
This document discusses rock mechanics challenges in underground construction and mining. It begins with definitions of rock and rock mechanics. It then outlines some of the key challenges faced like swelling, spalling, maintaining standup time of rock walls, and supporting deep excavations. Opportunities that come from addressing these challenges are also mentioned. Important rock mechanics terms are defined. The document concludes with a question and answer section.
Methods of Auxiliary Ventilation in Underground MineMalak Umair
This document discusses methods of auxiliary ventilation used in mines. It describes three categories of auxiliary ventilation applications: supplying air to dead-end areas, supplying uncontaminated air to faces in contaminated environments, and supplying conditioned air in uncomfortable temperatures. The main methods discussed are line brattice, compressed air exhaust, and fans with ventilation pipes. Line brattice involves erecting a curtain to divide an entryway and direct air. Compressed air exhaust uses compressed air from machinery. Fans attached to pipes are considered the most economical method.
Energy Savings for Occupancy-Based Control of Variable-Air-Volume Systemsmelanie_bissonnette
This document proposes occupancy-based control of VAV systems and lighting to improve energy efficiency. It analyzes the potential savings from using common occupancy sensors and more advanced sensors to adjust minimum airflow, lighting, and thermostat setpoints based on occupancy. Simulation results show the advanced sensors yield greater savings than common sensors, reducing whole building energy use by up to 18% compared to 5.9% for common sensors. Significant savings come from reducing unnecessary reheating through improved minimum airflow control based on occupancy.
It,s all about Index properties of Rocks.
It can help those students who want to give presentation about this topic.
Also it can give you information about Pocks and very helpful in Geo mechanics.
This document discusses several index tests used by engineers and geologists to determine the strength and deformation properties of soils and rocks in the field. It describes the Brazilian test, point load index test, impact test, and Schmidt hammer rebound test. The Brazilian test measures tensile strength. The point load index test uses a handheld device to apply a compressive force and induce tensile cracking. The impact test evaluates coal degradation. The Schmidt hammer rebound test measures surface hardness in a non-destructive manner using rebound value correlations. These index tests provide immediate preliminary results without extensive preparation and can be correlated to laboratory strength tests.
The document discusses various insulation strategies for walls and roofs. It provides advantages and disadvantages of interior insulation, exterior insulation, and split insulation for walls. For roofs, it discusses interior insulation and exterior insulation. It also discusses the importance of continuity in the building enclosure and limiting air and moisture infiltration. Several case studies demonstrate issues with exterior air infiltration and interior air and moisture infiltration. The document stresses the importance of addressing air and moisture infiltration before adding insulation. It also discusses the pencil test for building plans and sections, as well as the importance of compatible materials and details.
This document provides an overview of introductory mining concepts through several sections:
1) It outlines how mining has contributed to civilization by supplying basic resources and traces the history of mining parallel to cultural eras defined by minerals.
2) Terminology related to mining is defined, including classifications of ores and minerals.
3) Key events in the advancement of mining technology from the earliest surface mining to modern continuous miners are highlighted.
4) The typical stages in the life of a mine from initial prospecting to exploitation and eventual reclamation are described.
5) Unit operations involved in the production cycle from rock breakage to material handling are briefly introduced.
Rock mass classification or rock mass rating of rock materials in civil and m...Ulimella Siva Sankar
1. Rock mass classification systems provide a methodology to characterize rock mass strength using simple measurements and allow geologic data to be converted into quantitative engineering parameters.
2. The most widely used systems are RQD, RMR, and Q-system which evaluate factors like rock quality, joint conditions, and groundwater to determine an overall classification.
3. Classification systems estimate the rock mass strength and deformability, which can then be input into numerical models to design underground mine openings and support requirements.
Porosity is a measure of the void spaces in a rock that can contain fluids. It is calculated as the ratio of pore volume to bulk volume. Effective porosity refers only to interconnected pores that can produce fluids from a well. Total porosity includes all pores, but some may be isolated. Primary porosity forms during deposition, while secondary porosity forms through geological processes after deposition. Porosity depends on factors like grain size, shape, packing, and cementation. Permeability measures a rock's ability to transmit fluids and depends on pore connectivity and size. Darcy's law relates fluid flow through a porous medium to properties like permeability, fluid viscosity, pressure difference, and length.
Students learn to classify and group rocks according to their observable properties such as color, shape, hardness, and texture. Rocks record details of the Earth's formation and can be associated with different environments based on their composition and origin as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic rocks. Examples of rocks commonly found in buildings and cities include different types of sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks, even if they did not originally form in that location.
The document discusses the physics of ventilation and mechanical ventilation. It covers topics such as compliance, resistance, flow, pressure, modes of ventilation including pressure support ventilation and airway pressure release ventilation. Key variables that ventilators can manipulate or that determine the breath cycle are discussed. The importance of proper inspiratory cycle termination to avoid lung overinflation is highlighted.
A VAV air conditioning system varies the volume of constant temperature air supplied to meet changing space load conditions. It includes terminal units installed upstream of diffusers that modulate air flow in response to thermostats. Terminal units can include heating coils to provide heat to spaces. VAV systems save energy at part loads by reducing fan and refrigeration usage through lower airflow compared to constant volume systems.
Introduction; Application of Cut-and-Fill (C & F) stoping; The activity cycle of the (C & F) method; Stages of the production cycle of the C & F method; Sequences of extracting ore bodies; Filling in C & F Method; About filling of stopes; Functions of filler; Types of fillers; Advantages and disadvantages of the C & F method
Considerations on the sublevel stoping method; Conditions for application of the deposit; Characteristic of Sublevel Stoping Method; Application; Development; Sublevel overhand; Sublevel underhand; Slot; Configuration of stopes; Drawpoints
The document discusses geometrical considerations for open pit mine design. It includes diagrams of typical catch bench design dimensions, safety berms at bench edges, shovel working range as a function of bucket size, minimum width drop cut geometry, expansion of the mining front, ramp access and placement in ore, creating initial benches and access, parallel and sidehill cuts with shovels, detailed steps in developing new production levels, and diagrams of overall pit slope angles including working benches and ramps.
Concept of oc mine planning & design(final)sou_suk_sou
The document discusses concepts related to open cast mine planning and design. It covers various mining methods and factors that determine the suitable method. It describes ideal conditions for open cast mining and provides details about general planning studies and reports. The document also discusses basis for initial geological study, conceptual mine planning, pre-feasibility study and factors considered in mine design including access ramp, haul roads, pit design, production capacity and main mining equipment.
While having good air quality is of paramount importance, but doing so, while saving energy is the sustainable need of the hour. Consistent Engineering Consultants participated in the HVACR Saudi Expo held at Riyadh International Exhibition Centre from 11th to 13th of March where our Mr. Ahmed Zeb, our Director of Operations presented a talk on Energy Optimisation and Building Ventilation Systems. He spoke about the need for energy conservation, energy optimisation and its role in structuring the building ventilation systems. Here's the presentation.
This document discusses the components and functions of an engine management system. It describes the key elements like the fuel system, airflow system, ignition, injection and sensors that are controlled by the Engine Control Unit (ECU). It also explains different modes of electronic fuel injection and how feedback from sensors is used for closed loop fuel control. Cold start systems and variable intake manifolds are covered as well.
This document summarizes several approaches to reducing compressed air loads, including addressing air leaks, reducing excessive pressure, improving efficiency of appropriate uses through pressure reduction and flow control, eliminating inappropriate uses, and implementing optimization solutions like installing flow controllers, solenoid valves, and sequencing controls. Case studies are presented showing potential energy and cost savings from implementing various load reduction measures at industrial facilities.
This document proposes a control system for HVAC to save power and increase the lifespan of the system. It will include temperature control using a PLC and fan speed control through a remote switch. The goals are to reduce power consumption and costs while providing greater comfort. The methodology will include testing existing HVAC systems and designing controls using a PLC and variable frequency drive controlled by a remote switch. The budget is $184 and the schedule is 21 days to design, build, and test the prototype system.
Air compressor overview and basic selection guideAnilkumar B Nair
Provide an overview of Air compressors
Provide a generic guideline for Air compressor selection process
This presentation is prepared for target audience:Facility Managers, Utility Engineers. Technicians and Process associates
IRJET- Review Paper on the Control System of the Air Handling UnitsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses control strategies for air handling units (AHUs), including the use of variable frequency drives (VFDs) to save energy. VFDs allow the motor speed and airflow of AHUs to match system requirements, reducing energy usage compared to constant speed operation.
2) The paper reviews different VFD control strategies for AHUs in variable air volume systems, including constant static pressure control, optimized static pressure control, and total air volume control. Optimized static pressure control provides the greatest energy savings but requires networked variable air volume boxes.
3) Modeling and experiments were conducted to optimize a centrifugal fan housing system for use with VFDs. The optimized housing designs improved fan performance and
IRJET- Review Paper on the Control System of the Air Handling UnitsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses control strategies for air handling units (AHUs), including the use of variable frequency drives (VFDs) to save energy. VFDs allow the motor speed and airflow of AHUs to match system requirements, reducing energy usage compared to constant speed operation.
2) The paper reviews different VFD control strategies for AHUs in variable air volume systems, including constant static pressure control, optimized static pressure control, and total air volume control. Optimized static pressure control provides the greatest energy savings but requires networked variable air volume boxes.
3) Modeling and experiments were conducted to optimize a centrifugal fan housing system for use with VFDs. The optimized housing designs improved fan performance and
This document provides details from an energy audit lecture on fans. It discusses terms used in fan performance such as CFM, static pressure, sone, BHP, RPM, and TSS. It also outlines the steps of an energy audit including collecting fan data, measuring parameters like power consumption, air flow rates and pressures. The document analyzes fan performance based on laws relating flow, pressure and power to fan speed. It explores energy conservation opportunities like variable speed drives and improving duct insulation. An example problem calculates the air-fuel ratio for a coal with given composition burned at 30% excess air.
This presentation was part of the course requirements of MEC 401 (Internal Combustion Engines) which I took in fall 2016. I made all the slides (participants in my group never works lol) and here I am uploading for the public if it can be of any help. Contact me for any info if needed.
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Razin Sazzad Molla
13107010@iubat.edu
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Development of a Measuring Apparatus for Aerodynamic Properties of Granular M...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
In handling and processing of agricultural products, air or water is often used as a transport medium for separating the desirable product from unwanted materials. When an air stream is used for separating a product from its associated foreign materials, such as straw and chaff, knowledge of aerodynamic characteristics of all the particles involved is necessary. This helps to define the range of air velocities for effective separation of the grain from foreign materials. For this reason, the terminal velocity (Vt) has been used as an important aerodynamic characteristic of materials in such applications as pneumatic conveying and their separation from foreign materials.
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
The document provides details about a seminar report on multi-point fuel injection systems. It discusses the main components of an MPFI system including the air intake system, fuel delivery system, and electronic control system. Sensors used in MPFI systems are described such as the manifold absolute pressure sensor, throttle position sensor, oxygen sensor, intake air temperature sensor, engine coolant temperature sensor, and vehicle speed sensor. Advantages of MPFI systems are more uniform air-fuel mixtures, improved fuel efficiency and emissions, and immediate acceleration response due to electronic control.
Waste Water aeration system challenges solutionsManish Patel
This document discusses aeration systems used in wastewater treatment. It covers the key components of an aeration system including air flow generation, distribution, and control. It notes that aeration is important for introducing oxygen to promote microorganism growth for organic waste decomposition. Accurate measurement and control of air flow rates is challenging due to varying oxygen demands. The document presents solutions from LEOMI Instruments for optimizing aeration processes through direct air flow measurement and dissolved oxygen monitoring for improved energy efficiency and cost savings.
The document discusses strategies to reduce energy consumption in laboratories by 50% through various HVAC, lighting, and equipment upgrades. It describes implementing centralized demand controlled ventilation to monitor air quality and reduce unoccupied air changes. Exhaust stack heights are increased and bypass air is reduced through analyzing minimum discharge velocities. Variable frequency drives are added to fans and pumps to allow modulation based on demand. Lighting is upgraded through replacing lamps and ballasts with more efficient options and adding occupancy sensors.
The document discusses air/fuel ratio control in combustion engines. It defines key combustion terminology like stoichiometric ratio and explains the importance of controlling the air/fuel ratio for efficiency and emissions. Different methods for controlling air/fuel ratio are presented, including inspirators, mechanically-linked valves, electronically-linked valves, and fully metered mass flow control. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided. Throttle valves, air management valves, and electronic throttle actuators are also described.
This document defines and explains boiler systems and their control schemes. It describes the key components of a boiler, including the burner, combustion chamber, heat exchanger and controls. It then evaluates the three main types of combustion control schemes - single-point positioning, parallel positioning and metering - and compares their costs and complexity. The document also explains the principles of combustion and the swell and shrink phenomenon in boiler level control. Finally, it outlines the three common types of drum level control systems - single element, two element and three element.
An AC drive is a device used to control the speed of an electrical motor. The speed is controlled by changing the frequency of the electrical supply to the motor.
Design of air cooled electronic systems involves fan sizing and air moving strategy for optimal performance. This article provides some useful hand calculations that may be implemented using spreadsheet. Using the rules provided in this presentation, the engineer can select appropriate size fans that provides sufficient amount of airflow at all altitudes of operation.
Automotive HVAC systems use vents, ducts, and air doors to control airflow and deliver air to the windshield, floor, or dash vents. Sensors monitor outside temperature, interior temperature, discharge air temperature and more. Actuators include dual, three, and variable-position types that are electrically controlled. Larger vehicles have separate rear HVAC units with a second heater core and evaporator. Hybrids employ idle-stop disabling or small electric compressors to provide air conditioning without the engine running.
This document discusses low cost automation using pneumatic systems. It begins with an overview of automation and pneumatics, explaining that pneumatics can provide low cost automation solutions through reducing labor costs, machine investment costs, and increasing productivity. The document then covers various pneumatic components and applications, advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics, pneumatic standards, classifications of pneumatic elements, and examples of pneumatic circuits.
Similar to Automatic mine ventilation control system (20)
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
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Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
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solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
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train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
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Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
18. Automatic Air Flow
Redistribution
Main Fan Operating
Speed Adjusting
Controlled Airflow
Recirculation
Gas concentration sensors are used to determine a critical reused
air flow rate which is regulated by adjusting recirculation fan unit
operating speed
Air flow is distributed depending on a current air demand in mine
areas. Redistribution is performed by setting a new angle for
regulator’s leafs. Angles for regulators’ leafs are determined
automatically by required airflow values for different mine areas.
Total mine air flow is determined by all underground consumers
requirements and regulated by fan operating speed which is
adjusted via drive frequency.
20. Total Airflow
510 m3
/s
360 m3
/s
Main Fan Power
Efficiency
2.7 MW
1.6 MW
Air Distribution Disbalance
18 %
7 %
Capital Cost
$4 000 000
Savings
in Annual Operating Cost
$1 600 000