This document proposes a control system for HVAC to save power and increase the lifespan of the system. It will include temperature control using a PLC and fan speed control through a remote switch. The goals are to reduce power consumption and costs while providing greater comfort. The methodology will include testing existing HVAC systems and designing controls using a PLC and variable frequency drive controlled by a remote switch. The budget is $184 and the schedule is 21 days to design, build, and test the prototype system.

1. Control system for HV AC

2. Introduction
The key objectives to this proposal is to deliver
information containing:
1. Project goals
2. Project specifications
3. Project deliverables
4. Methodology of project
5. Conceptual design calculations
6. Budget and project schedule for designing a control
system for HVAC( heat ventilating and air conditioning)

3. Cont.……
since HVAC consumes high amount of power and most of
power is provided by coal and coal is a limited in amount.
The main purpose of this project is to embed temperature
control and fan speed control of HVAC systems for power
saving(reducing coal consumption) and increasing the life
span of system.

4. Problem Statement
The main purpose of our new design is to create HVAC
system with efficient temperature control and an speed
control. To design a successful control system fro HVAC, it
is important to consider that what customer want.
A customer want is to:
1. Save power
2. Increase life span of HVAC system
We would design temperature control system using PLC
(programmable logic controller) to increase or decrease
the temperature according to the weather. We would
use remote control switch to control the speed of fan on
three different requirements of speed.

5. Project Goals
Temperature control using PLC
Fan speed control through remote control switch
Cost effective control system
Reducing power consumption
Increased life span
Visually appealing
Using minimum number of parts
Quieter operation
Greater comfort for humid or dry conditions
CO2 measurement for ventilation comfort

6. Project specification
Fan speed control fro three different speeds
5-7 years life span
Air flow rate 450 to 2000 SCFM
The maximum diameter of fan: 25 inches

7. Project Deliverables
Fully functional control system for HVAC
Analysis of fab speed control
Schematic of temperature control using PLC
Risk assessment
Detailed drawings

8. Theoretical Background
1500-1600 AD
1. France:
According to Raunekk in 1500-1600 ventilating machines
were used in mines of France (raunekk 2009). These machines
were used to provide fresh air to the shaft using series of fans
with blades.
1. America and Europe:
in the same time America adopted
Europe’s idea of using chimneys in houses.

9. Theoretical Background
1900
1. After a series of inventions the idea of HVAC came into
existing in 1990. Early HVAC systems were massive
including high pressure steam heating system high speed
centrifugal fans , axial fan etc.
2. Buffalo forg company made the first fan coil
dehumidifying system and first spray type air conditioning
device .

10. Theoretical Background
 1902
1. Willis Carriar discovered the device for treating air. The
machine was used to blow air over cold coils in order to
control the humidity at room temperature.
2. Other factories also started using it
 1906
1. A textile mill engineer Stuart Cramer made a ventilating
device added water vapors to the air .
2. He called this process air conditioning .

11. Theoretical Background
1914
1. people started conditioning there homes with air
conditioners. They were large and complex.
1931
1. J.Q. Sherman Schultz discovered air conditioners for an
individual room . It was very costly.(Heaton . 2015)

12. Theoretical Background
 1939
1. In 1939, Packard discovered the first air conditioned car.
 1950
1. Air conditioning of homes become a common idea.
 1953
1. Approximately 1 million units were sold in 1953
 1970
1. The air conditioners consisted coil, condenser and a fan were
introduced.

13. Theoretical Background
 1980
1. With the invention of inverter type compressor, air conditioning
toke entirely different shape, inverter type compressor was
invented by Toshiba.
2. It increase the energy efficiency to nearly 30%.
 After 1970 No major change in HVAC system has been seen .only
compact parts re created for the control system. Energy consumed
by HVAC system is very high . So there is necessity to gain energy
efficiency in HCA system. 9Heaton 2015)

14. Methodology
 In order to design and develop the temperature control and fan speed control system
for HVAC, testing of several existing HVAC system would take place
 It is necessary to check the air flow rate
 Fan speed, operating temperature and power of commercially available HVAC system
to meet the specifications defined for project.
 It is necessary to examine the several option to design the control system for HVAC. The
amount of power require for temperate control and fan speed control can be decreased
using PLC . As it replaces several components of commercially available HVAC system.
When the fan is operated at high speed continuously, a large amount of power is
consumed so it is important to control the fan seed in adequate manner to increase the
power efficiency. According to law the speed of fan achieve energy savings. But
increasing the.

15. Methodology
 Speed also adds to higher power consumptions. So it is a critical factor to understand
the power saving using variable speed fans. Using fan at high speed continuously is nit
economical so fan speed is controlled for three speeds high medium and low, to control
the air capacity and power consumption by a fan, it is important to control the speed of
a fan to get desired output the varying speed of pump achieves considerable energy
saving because of the laws, which govern the operation of all pumps. In particular that
the power if motors varies by the cube of speed. This is the critical factor in
understanding the electrical energy savings that can be made by using variable speed
pumps . We need to add the variable frequency device to operate the fan at different
speeds. We would utilize EMSD(electric motor drive system) as it accounts for
approximately 40% reduction in electricity consumption we would use VFD(variable
frequency device controlled by a remote switch to regulate the fan speed at three
different speed.

16. Variable Frequency Device
 It is used to control the rotation speed of an C electrical m otor by approximately
adjusting the frequency of electric al power.
 It is also known by several other names such as:
1. Adjustable speed drive (ASD)
2. Pulse width modulated drive(PWM drive)
3. Inverter drive.
We would control WFD with remote control switch . It would help us to change the fan
speed to three different speed.

17. Methodology
 Variable speed fans using VDFs utilize the common law for fan speed.
 We can save significant amount of power by changing speed of the fan through
variable devices. We would use the different method to control the speed of fan we
would use phase angle control using RGCIP.
 We would operate it in phase angle switching mode. RGCIP will receive and analog
signal from the pressure transducer and change the fan speed according to the
received analog signal level.

18. Temperature Control
 The main use of programmable logic controller (PLC) is to control the temperature
by starting and stopping the water pump.
 PLC actuates the control value that regulates the pressure of water supply. PLC
would be programmed to start the water pump when temperature is high .on the
other hand PLC would stop water pump when the temperature is low. The
temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature. It continuously send the
signal to the programmable logic controller. PLC provide an output which is
according to the requirements. It is fed to control valve for controlling the water
supplied.

19. Conceptual design Calculations

20. Conceptual design Calculations
 Diameter of fan(D)= 25 in
 The following equation shows that floe of air is twice the speed of fan . As power
consumption is thrice the speed of fan
flow=k(speed)
Where k = constant
Head=k(speed)2
Power consumption=k(speed)3
So it is important to use the variable fan speed to decrease the amount of power consumption.

21. Conceptual design Calculations

22. Conceptual design Calculations
 The dependence of air flow, fan head and power on speed is shown with the following
equations
Where N=rotation speed Q=flow rate
Where p=pressure
Where W=power

23. Schedule
WBS Task name Duration Start Finish predecessor
1 Control system for HVAC 21 days Jan-20-2017 Feb-10-2017
2 Purchasing and testing
component
10 days Feb-20-2017 Feb-20-2017
3 Finishing model draft 18 days Mar-10-2017 Mar-10-2017 2
4 Starting prototype 2 day Mar-12-2017 Mar-12-2017 3
5 Completing drawings 5 days Mar-17-2017 Mar-17-2017 4
6 Completing charts and tables 10 days Mar-27-2017 Mar-27-2017 5
7 Completing protoypes 4 days Jun-1-2017 Mar-31-2017 6
8 Testing the system 4 days Jun-6-2017 Jun-05-2017 7
9 Providing final design 3 days Jun-10-2017 Jun-09-2017 8
10 Final testing 4 days Jun-13-2017 9
11 presentation 2 days May-1-2017 May-15-2017 10

24. Budget
Description Quantity Vendor Indi. Price Total price
PLC 1 $ 63 $ 63
Remote control 1 Netop $ 10 $ 10
1/3 HP blower
motor
1 century $ 55 $ 55
Control valve 1 AUMA
actuators
$17 $17
Plastic housing Fiber Tech. $ 12 $ 12
Fan 1 Green heck $ 27 $ 27
Total price= $ 184

25. Bibliography
 Consumer energy Centre (n.d) central heating ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC systems), retrived from consumer energy centre
http://www.consumerenergycentre.org/residential/heating_cooling/heating_cooling.ht
ml
 Raunekk (2009.nov.26), History of HVAC, knowing the timeline.retrived from:
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/26990-history-of-hvac-knowing-the-
timeline.html
 Heaton.s,(2015.july.16), A brief history Oh HVAC or air conditioning retrived from
http://www.linkedin.com/pulse/brief-history-hvac-air-conditioning-steven-heaton.html