Design and Construction of Axial Flow Fan Testing Rig. It is my Bachelor's Thesis.

1. Ahsanullah University Of Science &
Technology
Department of MPE
Design and Construction of Axial Flow Fan
Testing Rig
Participants
Shahib Abrar [11.02.08.034]
Sadia Islam [11.02.08.038]
Rakib Hossain [11.02.08.047]
S.M. Asif [11.02.08.056]

2. Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Design & Construction
Experiment
Result & Discussion
Future recommendation
Conclusion

3. Introduction
Fan :Imparts small pressure rise to flowing incompressible
gas.
Fan Components:
1. Impeller
2.Blades
3.Housing
4.Inlet
5.Outlet
6.Stationary Vanes. Figure: Different Parts of fan

4. Introduction(Cont.)
Fan Types: Mainly 2 types-
1. Propeller or axial flow fan
Propeller fan Fig: Axial Fan mechanism
Tube axial fan
Vane axial fan
Inline centrifugal fan

5. Introduction (Cont.)
Figure: Different Types of Axial fan
Propeller Fan Vane axial fan
Tube axial fan Inline centrifugal fan

6. Fan types: 2. Centrifugal Fan or Radial Fan
Forward Curved Vane
Backward Curved Vane
Backward Inclined
Radial Tip
Airfoil Blade
Fig: Propeller fan mechanism
Introduction (Cont.)

7. Introduction(Cont.)
Figure: Different Types of Propeller Fan
Forwardcurved vane Backward curvedvane Backward inclined
Radial tip Airfoil blade

8. Objective:
1.Design & construction
2.Testing performance for-
 Outside and inside duct
fan position
 Tip Clearance
 Various RPM

9. Literature Review
Year Author Journal/ Article Observation
1999 Mark Stevens Fan
Performance
Rated performance is found when
flow at inlet is fully developed,
symmetrical and free from swirl.
1942 E. Barton Bell Test of A Single
Stage Axial Flow
Fan
Different blade angles put
different effects of flowrate,
pressure and efficiency.
1997 F. Kameier
and W. Neise
Experimental Study
of Tip clearance
Looses And Noise in
Axial
Turbomechanics And
Their Reduction.
Reduction in tip clearance will
increase the fan performance and
reduce the noise.

10. Literature Review (Cont)
Year Author Journal/ Article Observation
2010 Akturk and
Camci
Axial Flow Fan Tip
Leakage Flow
Control Using Tip
Platform Extensions
Reduced tip clearance is
related with flow
interaction and is essential
for improving the energy
of the ducted fan system.
2003 R.S. Amano Experimental testing
and CFD Simulation
of Axial Flow Fan
The maximum pressure
occurs close to the tip the
blade and the dynamic
pressure is found near to
hub.
2009 Ahmed F.
Abdel and
Mostafa
Mohammed
Ibrahim
Investigation of The
Influence of Different
Tip Clearance of
Compressor Rotor by
Computational
Analysis.
Blade with zero tip
clearance have high
pressure ratio and
efficiency, increasing tip
clearance reduce pressure
ratio and efficiency.

11. “
Literature Review(cont)
 Joint AMCA 210/ASHRAE 51 Project Committee (1999)
Laboratory Method of Testing Fans for Aerodynamic
Performance Rating. Arlington Heights, USA: Air Movement
and Control Association International, Inc.
 The Basics of Axial Flow Fans (2000). Hudson Product
Corporation.

12. Design & construction:
Two sectors- 1. Fan selection
2. Duct design
Design description- As we had to change or design
for several times for description purpose we divided it into
three stages:
1. Initial Design
2.Modified Design
3.Final Design

13. Design & Construction (Cont.)
1.Initial Design:
Fan Selection: 3 criteria has been considered-
1.Blade to blade diameter
2.Built in pressure
3. Air flow rate
Selected fan: Figure: Initially selected fan blade
Model :F(T)AC4-40
Flow rate= 65 m3/s
Velocity: 26.21 m/s

14. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Duct: Total length= 11 feet 3 inch
Test section width & height= 8 inch
Problems in this design: Insufficient air flow and
pressure in test section.
Reason: Large Amount of backflow.
Problem Explanation: Backflow is related with two
terms-
1. Blade width
2. Blade angle

15. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Modified design: 2 major changes-
Increase in duct length by 2 feet at duct entry
-- Air will enter in the duct more uniformly
Fan blade change ( 4 blade)
--Used less angle blade
Problems in this design: Still there is not enough pressure
and velocity in test section.
Reason: Still there was a backflow.

16. Design & Construction( Cont.)
◎
Figure: Fan blade used in modified design
Problem Explanation: Changed Blade angle was not
uniform.

17. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Final Design:
No change in duct
Pedestal Fan used
Figure: Finally used fan Blade

18. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Observations after fan change:
Tolerable Backflow
Enough pressure and velocity at the test section.

19. Design & Construction( Cont.)
◎Schematic view of Final Design:

20. Design & Construction( Cont.)
◎Complete View Of final design:

21. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Fan Blade comparison:

22. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Apparatus:
1. Duct: Length 13 feet 3 inch
Steel Sheet thickness 1.2 mm
Three segments of the duct-
I. Inlet portion- round ,22 inch diameter, 3feet long.
II. Converging portion- 3feet 4 inch long
III. Rectangular portion ( Test section)- Around 7 feet long.
2. Duct stand: Height-3 feet, length-10 feet 3 inch.
3.Ring

23. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Figure : Total Duct setup

24. Design & Construction( Cont.)
4. Pedestal Fan-Blade- 18 Inch diameter
5.Fan Stand:2 portions- 1. Vertical portion
2. L-shape portion
Vertical portion Can vary height , Range 3feet to 4 feet.
L-shape portion contains Horizontal section- 3feet long, helps
to enter fan in duct.
Plays important role in fan alignment.

25. Design & Construction( Cont.)
Figure: Fan stand

26. Design & Construction( Cont.)
6.Regulator: Vary RPM (1440, 1410, 1395,1380 RPM)
7.Gasket: 4 set
0.5 inch of thickness
6 inch width
8. Pressure Flow meter : Static pressure , dynamic
pressure , velocity is measured
9.Tachometer
10. Multimeter

27. Experiment
Several experiments have been done can be classified in to
three cases
• Fan position: Outside the
ductCase one
• Fan position: Inside the
ductCase two
• Fan position: Inside the
with variable tip
clearance
Case
three

28. Experiment (Cont.)
Figure: Various fan position point during experiment

29. Experiment (Cont.)
Steps of experiment procedure for case one and case two
Measuring
voltage
current of
fan
Taking data
for pressure
and velocity
Changing
RPM
Measuring
voltage
current of
fan
Taking data
for pressure
and velocity
Changing
fan position
Taking data
for pressure
and velocity
Fan
alignment

30. Experiment (Cont.)
Steps of experiment procedure for case three
Fan alignment
Taking data for velocity and
pressure
Varying tip clearance
Taking data for velocity and
pressure

31. Experiment (Cont.)
Observations:
Velocity and pressure profile for all three cases.
Variation of average flow rate and velocity for different fan position for case one and
case two.
Variation of average flow rate for different RPM for all three cases.
Variation of friction factor for different RPM of fan for case two.
Variation of flow rate for different tip clearance for case three.
Variation of efficiency for different RPM for case all three cases.

32. Result and discussion
Observation of velocity profile for case one ( fan position 6 inch outside the
duct)
Figure: velocity profile for case one

33. Result and discussion (Cont.)
Observation of pressure profile for case two (fan position: 3 feet inside the
duct)
Figure : Pressure profile for case one
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 5 10 15 20 25
Height
Pressure. Pa
Pressure profile
P at 0.675
P at 0.7814
P at 0.887
P at 1

34. Result and discussion (Cont.)
Observation of flow rate for different fan position inside the duct
Figure: Flow rate Vs Fan position
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Flowrate
Fan position
Flowrate Vs Fan position
Q for 1440

35. Result and discussion(Cont.)
Observation of flow rate for different RPM ( Fan position : inside the duct)
Figure : Flow rate Vs RPM
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450
FlowRate
RPM
Flowrate Vs RPM
Q at 0.675
Q at 0.7814
Q at 0.887
Q at 1

36. Result and discussion (Cont.)
Observation of friction factor for different RPM ( fan position: inside the duct)
Figure : Friction factor Vs RPM
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460
FrictionFactor
RPM
Friction factor Vs RPM
For 18 inch inside…

37. Result and discussion (Cont.)
Observation of efficiency for different RPM ( for case three)
Figure: Efficiency Vs RPM
0
2
4
6
8
10
1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450
Efficiency(%)
RPM
Efficiency vs RPM
Efficiency

38. Result and discussion (Cont.)
Observation of flow rate for different tip clearance (fan position: two feet
inside the duct)
Figure : Flow rate Vs Tip clearance
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flowrate,m³/s
Tip Clearance, Inch
Flowrate Vs Tip clearance
RPM 1380
RPM 1395
RPM 1410
RPM 1440

39. Future Recommendation
◎
► Material selection
► Alignment of fan
► Fan selection
► Flow straighter

40. Conclusion
The test rig is mainly constructed for Laboratory purpose of Ahsanullah
University of Science and Technology.
We are grateful and thankful to have the supervision under honorable Dr. Dewan
Hasan Ahmed.

41. THANK YOU