This document discusses various cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder. Delirium is a temporary mental state causing confusion and hallucinations that may be caused by toxins, surgery, or infections. Dementia causes long-term decline in thinking abilities and is more common in females, potentially caused by conditions like Alzheimer's. Amnestic disorder involves memory deficits from brain damage or diseases like head trauma. The document also answers questions about neurogenesis, the effects of coffee on Alzheimer's risk, how drugs produce pleasure, and the proteins involved in Alzheimer's.

1. BY- YASHI JAIN

2. • Cognitive disorders affects memory, orientation, attention
and judgment due to primary or secondary abnormalities
of the central nervous system (CNS).
• Neurocognitive diseases develop mostly in later stage of
life.
• Cognitive patient’s may suffer with psychiatric symptoms
like depression, anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, and
delusions.
• Delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder are some of
the major cognitive disorders.

5. • Delirium
• Dementia
• Amnesia

6. • Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome also known as
acute confusional state.
• It is a temporary mental state which may cause
confusion, anxiety, incoherent speech, and
hallucinations.
• Delirium may cause change in cognition e.g memory
deficit, disorientation, language disturbance.
• Males are at higher risk to suffer with delirium.
• Toxins, surgery, head injury, shock or infections in brain
by bacteria, viral, etc. may be the major cause of the
disease.

7. • Speech problems
• Motor problems
• Hyperactive
• Hypoactive
• Sleep disturbance
• Hallucinations
• Language disorder
• Perceptual disturbances

8. • The term dementia is derived from the Latin word
demens (“de” :private, “mens”: mind, intelligence,
judgment).
• It causes long term loss of ability to think and represent
decline from a previous level of functioning.
• This is more common in females.
• May be caused by Alzheimer’s, HIV, Head trauma,
Parkinson’s disease, Pick’s disease, Huntington’s
disease.

9. • Agitation
• Depression
• Tremors
• Balanced problems
• Speech and language difficulty
• Hallucinations
• Anxiety
• Restlessness

10. • It is a deficit memory caused by damage in brain or
diseases.
• This may be caused by head trauma, traumatic events,
use of heavy alcohol or physical deficiencies.

11. • Q-What is neurogenesis?
• A- neurogenesis is the formation of neurons in the womb.
• Q- Neuron numbers can be increased by taking coffee?
• A-well this is hypothetical question researchers are still
working on it.
• Q-Does coffee prevents risk of Alzheimer’s Diseases?
• A- Yes, consuming coffee regularly reduces risk of
Alzheimer’s.
• Q-How drugs gives us sensation of pleasure?
• A-Due to release of an neurotransmitter “Dopamine” you
get sensation of pleasure.

12. • Q-What proteins are formed during Alzheimer’s?
• A-Researchers are still working on it, basically it is beta
amyloid and tau protein.
• Q-How do we feel sleepy?
• A-It is due to release of an neurotransmitter “Melatonin”