Autistic Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication/interaction and restricted repetitive behaviors. The document discusses the DSM-5 criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder which replaced previous subtypes. It provides details on screening, assessment, management including applied behavioral analysis and other interventions, prognosis, and references.
Pervasive developmental disorder are characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development: reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) previously known as pervasive developmental disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by lack of communication skills and social interactions resulting in social withdrawal
Pervasive developmental disorder are characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development: reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) previously known as pervasive developmental disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by lack of communication skills and social interactions resulting in social withdrawal
This presentation is an introductory presentation on Autism (ASD): together with the list of lots of online sources and organizations that can help you to find out more information on this type of brain developmental disorder.
Specific learning disorder - reading disorder, mathematics disorder, and disorder of written expression and learning disorder NOS .
neurodevelopmental disorder produced by the interactions of genetic and environmental factors that influence the brain's ability to perceive or process verbal and nonverbal information efficiently.
This presentation is an introductory presentation on Autism (ASD): together with the list of lots of online sources and organizations that can help you to find out more information on this type of brain developmental disorder.
Specific learning disorder - reading disorder, mathematics disorder, and disorder of written expression and learning disorder NOS .
neurodevelopmental disorder produced by the interactions of genetic and environmental factors that influence the brain's ability to perceive or process verbal and nonverbal information efficiently.
This PPT Aims to provide knowledge and Understanding about the concept of Autism, Types of Autism, Characteristics of Autism, Diagnosis of Autism, Identification of Autism, Signs and Symptoms of Autism, Teaching Methods of Autism, Support for Autism, Awareness about Autism, Treatment approaches for Autism, Future Research For Autism and So on.
Understanding Autism in Children For Effective Treatment Approaches.pdfUniquely Manual
"Discover effective autism treatment approaches for children, including early intervention, evidence-based therapies, sensory integration, and social skill support."
Understanding Autism in Children: Effective Treatment ApproachesUniquely Manual
"Discover effective autism treatment approaches for children, including early intervention, evidence-based therapies, sensory integration, and social skill support."
This project is about autism. In this project we included general information about autism, intervention plan, diagnose, programs that can be used, and included a research that was done about the effect of using technology in this field.
This powerpoint presentation was put together by Georgina Peacock, MD, MPH, Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center on Birth Defects, and presented on December 5 at our Georgia Children's Advocacy Network (GA-CAN!) Off-Session Policy Series. This month our panelists discussed the complex topic of autism, it's diagnosis, treatment and coverage.
Essential Drugs Dosage and Formulations (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan ...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is the 22nd part of medical booklet series created by Dr. Aryan in order to familiarize doctors and medical students about the basic doses of drugs. Many students remember the mechanism of actions and other details of drug very well and regard doses as unnecessary. While you prescribe, this becomes one of the most important aspect. This study material is focused to resolve such issues.
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder of synovial joints in which there is progressive softening and erosion/disintegration of the articular cartilage. In the presentation, I will deal in detail about the condition in every dimension with the most recent evidence.
Preterm labor is the labor that starts before the 37th completed week. In this presentation, we will discover causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, and management principles for preterm labor along with the most recent evidence.
Delirium, also referred to as "acute confusional state" or "acute brain syndrome," is a condition of severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function.
Skin warts are benign tumours caused by infection of keratinocytes with HPV, visible as well‐defined hyperkeratotic protrusions. We will explore the detailed types, presentation, and treatment modalities of most common warts.
Journal Club: Prophylactic Thyroidectomy in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2 Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
The study aims to analyze the long-term results of a large cohort of MEN2 patients with the C634Y mutation who had undergone prophylactic thyroidectomy in a tertiary referral hospital, and to analyze the results in terms of age and calcitonin levels.
Surgery Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan Part...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Pediatrics Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan P...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Medicine Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan Par...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Gynaecology and Obstetrics Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Serie...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Radiology Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan Pa...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Ophthalmology Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Arya...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Forensic Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan Par...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
ENT Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan Part 12)Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Dentistry Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan Pa...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Dermatology Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan ...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Anaesthesia Review Booklet by Dr. Aryan (Medical Booklet Series by Dr. Aryan ...Dr. Aryan (Anish Dhakal)
This is a part of free booklet series designed by Dr. Aryan for rapid review of basic concepts of medical science. I grant you right to share the booklet for fair use (teaching, scholarship, education and research) anywhere in the world exclusively for non-monetary purposes.
Management of hypertensive condition in 2020 according to AHA/ASA guidelines. We will discuss the presentation, clinical assessment, investigations, and management of hypertension along with major randomized controlled trials and guidelines.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. Contents
• Introduction and types
• Criteria
• Clinical feature and severity
• Screening and assessment
• Management
3. Introduction
• group of biologically based neurodevelopmental disorders
characterized by impairments in two major domains:
1) deficits in social communication and social interaction and
2) restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities
• ASD encompasses disorders previously known as:
• Autistic disorder (classic autism or Kanner's autism)
• Asperger syndrome
• childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD)
• Pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
4. • DSM-5, a single diagnosis, "autism spectrum disorder"
has replaced previous subtypes (eg, Asperger syndrome,
"pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise
specified") and the clinical heterogeneity is indicated with
specifiers for severity and associated conditions
• ICD-10 classifies ASD as "pervasive developmental
disorders
note: in ICD-10 symptoms must onset before age3 years but DSM-5, No age cut-off
5.
6.
7. 7
DSM-5 Criteria for
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A.Social Communication and Interaction (Must
have 3 of 3)
1.Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
2.Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
used for social interaction
3.Deficits in developing, maintaining, and
understanding social relationships
American Psychiatric Association (2013)
8. DSM-5 Criteria for
Autism Spectrum Disorder
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests,
and activities (Must have 2 of 4)
1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized
patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior
3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or
focus
4. Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory
aspects of the environment
8
9. Social Communication Criteria
(must have 3/3)
1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity:
• abnormal social approach and failure of normal
back-and-forth conversation
• reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect
• failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
10. Social Communication Criteria
(must have 3/3)
2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used
for social interaction:
• Poorly regulated integrated verbal and nonverbal communication
• abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in
understanding and use of gestures
• Total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication
11. Social Communication Criteria
(must have 3/3)
3. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding social
relationships, ranging from
• Difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts; to
• Difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends; to
• Absence of interest in peers
12. Restricted/Repetitive Behavior Criteria
(must have 2/4)
1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech, such as
• Simple motor stereotypes
• Lining up toys
• Flipping objects
• Echolalia
• Idiosyncratic phrases
13. Restricted/Repetitive Behavior Criteria
(must have 2/4)
2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or
ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior, such as
• Extreme distress at small changes
• Difficulties with transitions
• Rigid thinking patterns
• Greeting rituals
• Need to take same route or eat same food every day
14. Restricted/Repetitive Behavior Criteria (must
have 2/4)
3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus,
such as:
• Strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects
• Excessively circumscribed or perseverative interests
15. Restricted/Repetitive Behavior Criteria
(must have 2/4)
4. Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual
interest in sensory aspects of the environment, such as
• Apparent indifference to pain/temperature
• Adverse response to specific sounds or textures
• Excessive smelling or touching of objects
• Visual fascination with lights or movement
16. What’s the change in criteria?
16
DSM-IV-
Autistic Disorder
Aspergers Disorder
PDD-NOS
Three symptom areas
– Social Interaction
– Communication
– Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of
behavior, interests, and activities
Onset prior to age 3
DSM-5
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Two symptom areas
– Social Communication and
Interaction
– Restricted, repetitive patterns of
behavior, interests, and activities
Onset “during the early
developmental period”
DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Lord et al. (2012)
American Psychiatric Association (2013)
17. Other problems
• Sensory problem
• Sleep problem
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Gastrointestinal problems
• Other mental disorder
19. Screening/Case finding
• All children should be screened for autism specific screening at 18 and
24 months of age in addition to Broad developmental screening at 9,18,
and 24 months
• Different screening tools have been developed
• Modified free checklist for autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) autism specific tool
designed to identify children 16-30 months of age who should receive a more
thorough assessment for possible early signs of ASD or Developmental delay
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. Assessment
• If screening indicates ASD symptomatology, thorough diagnostic
assessment should be performed
• Multidisciplinary assessment is optimal in facilitating early
diagnosis, treatment
• All children with ASD should have a medical assessment
25. Treatment
• For young children, diagnosis and identification of treatment
programs will generally be the major focus
• For school age children, behavioral and medication issues will
often become priority
• For adolescence and early adulthood, vocational training along
with future self sufficiency planning
26. Psychosocial interventions
• Applied behavioral analysis(ABA)
• Early intensive behavioral intervention
• Early intensive behavioral intervention is intensive and highly
individualized with up to 40 hours per week of one to one direct
teaching
• Initially using discrete trials to teach simple skills and progressing
to more complex skills such as initiating verbal behavior.
27. • Older children and adolescents with relatively higher intelligence,
but with poor social skills and psychiatric symptoms, can benefit
from more intensive behavioral or cognitive-behavioral therapy
and/or supportive psychotherapy
• focus is on achieving social communication competence,
emotional and behavioral regulation, and functional adaptive
skills necessary for independence
28. • Structured educational models in children with ASD
• Early Start Denver Model
• Treatment and Education of Autism and related
Communication handicapped Children (TEACCH)
• Individualized educational plan (IEP) should reflect an
accurate assessment of the child’s strengths and
vulnerabilities with and explicit description of services to
be provided, goals and objectives, and procedures for
monitoring effectiveness
29. • Communication is generally addressed in the child’s IEP in
coordination with the speech-language pathologist
• Children who do not yet use words can be helped through
use of alternative communication modalities such as
• sign language,
• electronic communication boards,
• visual supports, picture exchange
• For individuals with fluent speech, the focus should be on
pragmatic (social) language skills training
31. Complementary and Alternative
Treatments
• Many families seek complementary and alternative therapies for
ASD
• Complementary and alternative therapies for ASD are diverse,
ranging from biologically based therapies (eg, vitamin or
mineral supplements, special diets), to more invasive
treatments, such as hyperbaric oxygen treatments, chelation,
and injectable medications
6/29/2019
31
34. Prognosis
•Factors associated with positive outcomes
●Presence of joint attention
●Functional play skills
●Higher cognitive abilities
●Decreased severity of ASD symptoms
●Early identification
●Involvement in intervention
●A move toward inclusion with typical peers
35. • Factors associated with less favorable outcomes :
●Lack of joint attention by four years of age
●Lack of functional speech by five years of age
●Intelligence quotient (IQ) <70
●Seizures or other comorbid medical or
neurodevelopmental conditions
●Severe ASD symptoms
36. Reference
1. A. Marilyn, Autism spectrum disorder: Evaluation and diagnosis,
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autism-spectrum-disorder-
evaluation-and-diagnosis
2. W. Laura, Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents:
Overview of management,
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autism-spectrum-disorder-in-
children-and-adolescents-overview-of-management
3. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 20th edition
4. Essential Pediatrics, OP Ghai, 8th Edition
Editor's Notes
Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder and is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability,18 causing symptoms similar to ASD. The name refers to one part of the X chromosome that has a defective piece that appears pinched and fragile when viewed with a microscope. Fragile X syndrome results from a change, called a mutation, on a single gene. This mutation, in effect, turns off the gene. Some people may have only a small mutation and not show any symptoms, while others have a larger mutation and more severe symptoms.19
Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disorder that causes noncancerous tumors to grow in the brain and other vital organs.
differential diagnosis of ASD
●Global developmental delay/intellectual disability
●Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
●Developmental language disorder
●Language-based learning disability
●Hearing impairment
●Landau-Kleffner syndrome
●Rett disorder
●Severe early deprivation/reactive attachment disorder
●Anxiety disorder
●Obsessive-compulsive disorder
All children with ASD should have a medical assessment, which typically includes a physical examination, a hearing screen, a Wood’s lamp examination for signs of tuberous sclerosis (see Chapter 596.2),and genetic testing, which should include chromosomal microarray (CMA)