Pervasive developmental disorder are characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development: reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities.
This slide is part of a collection of exam revision slides from Atypical Child Development. The slides have been created by me, and based on several different research papers. The slides were created for essay exam.
Pervasive developmental disorder are characterized by severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development: reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities.
This slide is part of a collection of exam revision slides from Atypical Child Development. The slides have been created by me, and based on several different research papers. The slides were created for essay exam.
A power point presentation on Autism Spectrum disorders I created in collaboration with a team of three other graduate students at the University of Dayton.
ADHD is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for a child's age and development.
PubMed Health
Complex developmental disability in infancy and early childhood, sign and symptom, its treatment via therapist approaches across the child's daily life
Presentation that looks at the current clinical research on possible causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Includes brief mention of the use of Homeobotanicals in secondary symptom treatment management.
A power point presentation on Autism Spectrum disorders I created in collaboration with a team of three other graduate students at the University of Dayton.
ADHD is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for a child's age and development.
PubMed Health
Complex developmental disability in infancy and early childhood, sign and symptom, its treatment via therapist approaches across the child's daily life
Presentation that looks at the current clinical research on possible causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Includes brief mention of the use of Homeobotanicals in secondary symptom treatment management.
Selecting a day care is a big decision, it’s an essential development choice, and for one thing, that your child spends a large portion of his day in a safe, caring environment where he will receive healthy food and drink, affection and interaction with both adults and peers.
This presentation is an introductory presentation on Autism (ASD): together with the list of lots of online sources and organizations that can help you to find out more information on this type of brain developmental disorder.
Autism Spectrum Disorders Solutions with Your Little Professoryourlittleprofessor
Your Little Professor is a resource for families search for camps and programs for Asperger. Our website has educational information to help your teen.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. Faysal Ahammed
Bsc. In Physiotherapy
5th Batch
4th year. Roll-26
Institute of Health Technology.
Under Faculty of Medicine
University of Dhaka
2.
3. Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that
affects the functioning of the brain, and characterised
by impairments in social interaction, problems with
verbal and non-verbalcommunication and restricted,
repetitive behaviour, interests and activities. It is a
nonprogressive disorder.
It was first Described by kanner in 1943 where his
observation was “the exceptional ones who appeared
to be asocial, lacking in communication skills both
verbal and nonverbal and committed to repetitive
ritualistic behaviors.”
4.
5. The prevalence of ASD is constantly rising the statistics showed
that
Autism Pred0minately affects males, with a male to female ratio
of approximately 4.3:1.
ASD affects over 2 million individuals in the U.S. and tens of
millions worldwide
It is as much a mystery today as it was when kanner stated.
In UK 1 in
100 People
In USA 1 in
88 People
6. In the total assessed population in (n=414), 8 children were
diagnosed with Autism,plus 1 child with Pervasive
Developmental Disorder,Not Otherwise Specified (PDD
NOS) and 1 child with Rett Syndrome. The 8 with autism-
6 were from Dhaka city,
1 from Kulaora
1 from Godagari.
The PDD NOS child was from Godagari and the Rett
Syndrome child from Kulaora.
In Dhaka city the prevalence was 30/1000
0.68/1000 in rural populations.
7. In DSM IV
Social Deficits -2
Communication Deficits
Sterotypic/Repetitive Behaviors
8. SocialDeficits
• Eye contact
• Showing/Sharing
• Emotional
Reciprocity
Communication
• Language
• Pretend Play
• Conversation
Sterotypic
• Routines
• Preoccupation
• Intense focus
• Motor
9. Under the current DSM-5, the diagnosis of autism
requires that at least six developmental and behavioral
characteristics are observed
There are two domains where people with ASD
must show persistent deficits:
1) persistent social communication and social
interaction
2) restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior
10. Individual must demonstrate at least 6 of the 12
symptoms
At least 2 symptoms from the social domain
At least 1 symptom from communication domain
At least 1 symptom from the restricted
behaviors/interest domain
At least 1 symptom must have been present before 36
months of age
11. Most common initial symptom reported by parents is
delayed (or abnormal) speech development
Social-communicative abnormalities in the first and
second year of life:
Eye contact
Social referencing
Imitation
Orientation to name
Shared attention and affect
Early recognition and identification of autism-->early
behavioral markers of autism
12. We can say that autism is a Spectrum of Disorder or
different condition. They include- Aspergers Syndrome,
PDDNOS, SPD, Rett Syndrome etc.
In Aspergers Syndrome They Adopt or even
1. Supernormal in Reading
2. Calculating
3. Drawing
4. Memorizing
They have Fewer symptoms, no language delay.
They think in Picture or Drawing.
PDD NOS-Pervasive Developmental Disorder is another
milder Disorder in Child.
SPD- Semantic Pragmatic Disorder.
13. People with ASD may have other difficulties
1. Very sensitive to light,
2. Noise
3. Clothing
4. Temperature.
They may also experience sleep problems, digestion
problems, and irritability.
14. Screening tools specific to ASD:
The Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT)
The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-
CHAT)
The Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds
(STAT)
The Stage 2-Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Screening Test (PDDST-II)
15. In a study found that the ASD patients EEG, CT, MRI is
Normal.
In the few Brain Examined postmortem no lesion of
any of the conventional type have been found.
Although it is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder.
16. Some researcher founds the below abnormalities
A curlailment of the normal development of
neuron in the limbic system.
A decrease in the number of purkinje cell
that appears to be congenital.
Age related changes in the size and number
of the neurons in the diagonal band of
Broca.
17. They found various motor aspects to be lacking in children
with ASD. They include
So it is crutial to evaluate motor delay or motor deficit early
in the children with ASD.
Hypotonia (51%)
• Motor Apraxia (34%)
Toe Walking (19 %)
• Gross Motor Delay (9%)
18. Whirling of the Body
Manipulating an object
Toe walking
Particularly Hand Flapping.
19. A study suggest that walking programme improve the
physical condition of adolescents with severe ASD and
Reduce their BMI index.
Physical activity is have positive effects on
Social Behavior
Communication skill
Academic engagement
Sensory skills
Motor skill is the instrumental for learning skills in other areas Like
Above.