This document provides information on autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including its characteristics, diagnosis, and interventions. It defines ASD according to the DSM-IV and notes three key deficits in ASD - communication, social skills, and imagination. It lists common signs and symptoms of ASD in social interaction and behavior. The document also discusses diagnostic tools, biomedical and occupational therapy interventions, individualized education plans, applied behavior analysis therapy, and other treatments for ASD.

1. Autism: Characteristics , Diagnosis ,
Intervention

2. • The definition of Autism and Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD) is provided by the Diagnostic
and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-IV). Children with autism are less able to
interact with the world as other children do.
Typically they have deficits in three key areas:

3. • Verbal and non-verbal Communication
• Social awareness and interactions
• Imaginative play (variable interests and
behaviors).

5. Signs and Symptoms of ASD
• People with ASD have difficulty with social
communication and interaction, restricted
interests, and repetitive behaviors. The list
below gives some examples of the types of
behaviors that are seen in people diagnosed
with ASD. Not all people with ASD will show
all behaviors, but most will show several.

6. Social communication / interaction
behaviors may include:
• Making little or inconsistent eye contact

7. Failing to, or being slow to, respond to
someone calling their name or to
other verbal attempts to gain attention
• Having facial expressions, movements, and
• gestures that do not match what is being said
• Having trouble understanding another
person’s point of view or being unable to
predict or understand other people’s actions

8. Restrictive / repetitive behaviors may
include:
• Repeating certain behaviors or having unusual
behaviors. For example, repeating words or
phrases, a behavior called echolalia
• Having a lasting intense interest in certain
topics, such as numbers, details, or facts
• Having overly focused interests, such as with
moving objects or parts of objects

9. Getting upset by slight changes in a
routine
• Being more or less sensitive than other people
to sensory input, such as light, noise, clothing,
or temperature
• Does not point with index finger.
• Inappropriate laughing and giggling
• Enjoy spinning and rotating objects.

10. Challenging Behaviour
• Hitting
• Screaming
• Hair Pulling
• Head Banging
• Differences in social understanding
• Difficulties in communication
• Limited interests and repetitive behaviours
• Sensory processing issues learning styles issues

11. Diagnostic Tools
• Autism Diagnostic Interview –Revised ( ADI –
Revised); 2-4 hour interview with parents of
child”s history.
• Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
(ADOS)- one hour structured and unstructured
interaction with child .
• Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS)
• Indian Scale for assessing Autism (ISAA )

12. Interventions
• Biomedical Intervention:
• GFCF diet
• Candida Diet
• Providing Proboitics
• Camel milk
• B 12
• Oxygen therapy

13. Occupational therapy
• Occupational therapists study human growth
and development and a person’s interaction
with the environment through daily activities.
They are experts in the social, emotional, and
physiological effects of illness and injury. This
knowledge helps them promote skills for
independent living in people with autism and
other developmental disorders.

14. • Occupational therapists work as part of a
team that includes parents, teachers, and
other professionals. They help set specific
goals for the person with autism. These goals
often involve social interaction, behavior, and
classroom performance.

15. • Individualised Educational Plan :The Individualized
Education Program, also called the IEP, is a document
that is developed for each public school child who
needs special education. The IEP is created through a
team effort, reviewed periodically. In the United States,
this program is known as an Individualized Education
Program, and similarly in Canada it is referred to as an
Individualized Education Plan or a Special Education
Plan. In the United Kingdom, an equivalent document
is called an Individual Education System. In Saudi
Arabia, the document is known as an Individual
Education Program.

16. • ABA (Lavas Model )
• Be Positive
• Positive behaviour support
• Social stories
• Auditory Integration therapy
• Vocational therapy
• Structured Teaching

17. THANKS