Auger spectroscopy
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1. Anger spectroscopy involves removing an electron from the K shell of an atom, creating a vacancy that is filled by an electron from the L shell. This releases energy that is used to eject an electron from the L shell. 2. The ejected electron from the L shell is the Auger electron, which provides information about the atom's electronic configuration. 3. Examples are provided of Auger spectroscopy involving thiosulfate and sulfur dioxide molecules, where the electronic transitions and resulting spectra are explained.
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You might have heard of the wise saying that
'experience is the best teacher". Each
year in your life ushers in a lot of experiences for you
to reflect on. You may not like everything
that happens to you in school or in the community,
especially those that bring you discomfort,
dificulty or detriment, but you have to bear with these
occurrences with a positive disposition.
You have to remember that you cannot prevent
circumstances from happening
especially those that might challenge your patience
determination and drive as a young
learner. lt's good to remember that experiences
whether in school or in the community, will
open opportunities for you to gain lessons which you
can utilize to help and inspire yourself
and others. Your negative or positive personal
experiences coupled with your coping skills can
serve as your stepping stones to academic successYou might have heard of the wise saying that
'experience is the best teacher". Each
year in your life ushers in a lot of experiences for you
to reflect on. You may not like everything
that happens to you in school or in the community,
especially those that bring you discomfort,
dificulty or detriment, but you have to bear with these
occurrences with a positive disposition.
You have to remember that you cannot prevent
circumstances from happening
especially those that might challenge your patience
determination and drive as a young
learner. lt's good to remember that experiences
whether in school or in the community, will
open opportunities for you to gain lessons which you
can utilize to help and inspire yourself
and others. Your negative or positive personal
experiences coupled with your coping skills can
serve as your stepping stones to academic success You might have heard of the wise saying that
'experience is the best teacher". Each
year in your life ushers in a lot of experiences for you
to reflect on. You may not like everything
that happens to you in school or in the community,
especially those that bring you discomfort,
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You have to remember that you cannot prevent
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learner. lt's good to remember that experiences
whether in school or in the community, will
open opportunities for you to gain lessons which you
can utilize to help and inspire yourself
and others. Your negative or positive personal
experiences coupled with your coping skills can
serve as your stepping stones to academic successYou might have heard of the wise saying that
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year in your life ushers in a lot of experiences for you
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PN Junction.
Chemistry - Chp 5 - Electrons In Atoms - Powerpoint
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on the atomic structure and quantum mechanical model of the atom. It describes early atomic models proposed by Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger, and how they led to the current quantum mechanical model. It discusses how electrons occupy specific energy levels and orbitals, and how transitions between these levels result in the emission of photons of light at characteristic frequencies, producing atomic emission spectra.
Chapter 5 - Electronic Spectroscopy of Atoms.pdf
1) Electronic spectroscopy analyzes the energy levels of electrons in atoms.
2) Atoms consist of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. Only certain electron orbits are allowed based on quantum mechanics.
3) The hydrogen atom has a simple structure with one electron. Its energy levels are represented by an equation involving the Rydberg constant. Transitions between levels produce spectral lines.
The thexi state
The document discusses the state of thermal excitation, or "THE THEXI STATE". It defines ground and excited states, with the ground state being the lowest energy state and excited states having higher energy. Thermal excitation occurs when electrons absorb energy, such as from light or collisions, promoting them to an excited state. The properties of thermally excited states, or "Thexi states", are described, including that they are unstable and have short lifetimes. Methods to prepare Thexi states include irradiation or energy transfer. Thexi states emit radiation as they return to the ground state. Spectroscopy techniques can provide information about Thexi state energies and structures, though the actual structures are difficult to determine.
Ionization energy
- Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom. The first ionization energy is the amount required to remove the outermost electron.
- More energy is required to remove the second electron compared to the first, and even more for the third electron.
- Ionization energy decreases down a group as the atomic number increases since electrons are farther from the nucleus and more shielded.
- There is a general trend of increasing ionization energy when moving left to right across a period as protons are added making electrons more tightly bound.
free electron theoryfree electron theory
1) According to the free electron model, conduction electrons exist in metals that are not bound to individual atoms but are free to move throughout the crystal lattice.
2) The electrons occupy discrete quantum states that can be modeled as plane waves. The lowest energy state is filled first according to the Pauli exclusion principle.
3) Key properties of the free electron gas model include the Fermi energy (EF), Fermi temperature (TF), and Fermi momentum (kF) and sphere, which describe the highest occupied electron state at 0K.
Chapter 6 - Electronic Spectroscopy of Molecules.pdf
This document summarizes electronic spectroscopy of diatomic molecules. It discusses:
1) The Born-Oppenheimer approximation which treats electronic, vibrational, and rotational energies as independent.
2) Vibrational transitions produce a "coarse structure" spectrum and rotational transitions a "fine structure".
3) The Franck-Condon principle which states that electronic transitions occur rapidly without changes in internuclear distance, leading to vertical transitions between vibrational levels.
4) Dissociation of electronically excited molecules and the relationship between dissociation energies and excitation energies.
Modern Semiconductor Devices for Integrated Circuits 1st Edition Hu Solutions...
Full download : https://goo.gl/kV6vVc
Modern Semiconductor Devices for Integrated Circuits 1st Edition Hu Solutions Manual
Modern physics ch 12zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
- Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons.
- Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed, quantized energy levels. Electrons do not radiate energy when in stationary orbits but do radiate discrete amounts of energy when transitioning between orbits.
- Spectral lines of hydrogen correspond to the quantized energy differences between orbits. The Rydberg formula relates the wavelengths of spectral lines to the quantum numbers n and n'.
Similar to Auger spectroscopy (20)
Unidad v 2da parte- hibridacion - geometria molecular
Unidad v 2da parte- hibridacion - geometria molecular
Electron Configurations in Science Education and Chemistry .ppt
Electron Configurations in Science Education and Chemistry .ppt
Chemistry - Chp 5 - Electrons In Atoms - Powerpoint
Chemistry - Chp 5 - Electrons In Atoms - Powerpoint
Chapter 6 - Electronic Spectroscopy of Molecules.pdf
Chapter 6 - Electronic Spectroscopy of Molecules.pdf
Modern Semiconductor Devices for Integrated Circuits 1st Edition Hu Solutions...
Modern Semiconductor Devices for Integrated Circuits 1st Edition Hu Solutions...
Recently uploaded
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Recently uploaded (20)
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
Auger spectroscopy
- 1. Anger spectroscopy → -3 ⑥ Here e- from K shell is removed and vacancy is created . This vacancies is filled by the electron from LI shell . This releases Ek - EL , energy. This energy is used up in ejecting Anger electron from LI and any exess energy is converted to k. E. of e- ( Ea)
- 2. be written the following equation can FEF7 If the e- is ejected from 246 configthen the resulting electronic config ~ would be 2ps so th, if I. cups) L= I so P state S = 1/2 so 25-11 = 2 J z Lt s = It 42 - - Zz (more stable). . . more than half G L- S = I - 1/2=4, fitted so two states would be generated viz. Zpqz Er Zpyz So we can visualize the e- havingcome from the two above energystates .
- 3. Some examples of Anger spectroscopy ⑨ 52052 ← ( Thiosulfate ions % ,⑤ I T µ KE og e - f k - Eg o - releasedfrom e-is more - o SUD is less Csf- is because more One sulphur is in energy is needed to ejectthe 3$23pf - I 0 . s . and other electron from 2$22 !ggµ is in VI state . sail Electron first will be ejected from the K shell , then a vacancy will be created which will be filled with the e- from LIFE in this process Ek - ELI is released Cr this energy will be used to eject e- from LII level . This e- will be Anger election so it is k LI LI type
- 4. ⑤ 3104 382 4¥46 EE Lehew Efron 21¥45, LI z s2 from k LI tf LI fialls LI U k tf k ys . totttobhae k is ' ) Energy Yrs released that knocks out the e- e anger e-I from zp orbital )so 2ft config results v th t t LIHpdtho -9 LI W due tojhltlnpairub 2 e- k is 2 3 states viz. ' s , 3 P E 'D are resulted . But only ' Da state is involved in this spectra . O ↳ Lts 2 t O = 2
- 5. Mixture of B . Sfg , 502 G T O - - c - - S Augen O . S . order Spectra Sse, > S so , > Socs Angwdpectw_ Spectra is mainly → due to ' Oz More ttw 0 . S of Photoelectron Sulphur , more is spectra the nuclear charge more will be the binding energyless will be the ← N - E of an Anger e- Three weak freaks from ' so in Anger Spectre . In PES , 3 doublets are observed this is due to 2. states amentia :P.. i