The document discusses the morphology and distribution of atherosclerotic plaques, emphasizing the prevalence of fatty streaks in infants and children. It outlines the stages of plaque progression from fatty streak to complicated plaque, detailing the composition and structure of plaques. The atherosclerotic vessel structure includes a fibrous cap, a shoulder of cells, and a necrotic core, with potential complications such as rupture and aneurysm formation.

1. By- Sneha A (MBBS UG)
MORPHOLOGY

3.  Distribution: infrarenal abdominal aorta >
coronary arteries > popliteal arteries >
internal carotid arteries > the vessels of the
circle ofWillis.
 Spared: upper extremities, renal, mesenteric
(except ostia).

5.  Stages:
 Fatty streak
 Simple plaque
 Complicated plaque

6.  Lipid deposits in intima.
 Yellow, slightly raised.
 Fatty streaks can appear in the
aortas of infants younger than 1
year and are present in virtually
all children older than 10 years.
 Spot (1mm) -> Streak
(1x10mm).
 The relationship of fatty streaks
to atherosclerotic plaques
 Possible precursor of atheroma.

7.  Intimal thickening and lipid accumulation
 white to yellow raised lesions ranging from
0.3 to 1.5 cm in diameter.

8.  Rupture, ulceration, or
erosion of the luminal
surface
 Plaque superimposed with
thrombus
 Lesions having undergone
calcification
 Lesions progressing to
form aneurism.

11. NORMAL (HAPPY) BLOOD
VESSEL
ATHEROSCLEROTIC BLOOD
VESSELS

12.  3 parts
 Fibrous cap
 Shoulder of cells
 Central necrotic core
3.NECROTIC CENTER
2.SHOULDER OF
CELLS
1.FIBROUS
CAPSULE

13.  Lies just beneath the
endothelium.
 Composed of smooth
muscle cells and
relatively dense
collagen.

14.  Lies just beneath the
fibrous cap,
 Consists of foamy
macrophages,
inflammatory cells and
proliferated and
recruited smooth
muscle cells

15.  Is the soft center of the
plaque.
 Composed of
intracellular and extra
cellular lipid.
 Some times necrosis
may be seen

16.  The periphery of
the plaque shows
neo-
vascularisation.

19. GROSS
 3 stages
 Fatty streak
 Simple plaque
 Complicated
plaque
MICROSCOPY
 3 regions of
plaque
 Fibrous cap
 Shoulder of cells
 Necrotic core